I planted beans under the south hill, and the weeds in the fields were full of pea. These two sentences are written in the south mountain to plant beans, the grass is lush but the bean seedlings are sparse. The first sentence is very plain, just like an old farmer standing there talking, which makes people feel very cordial. Although the author is interested in the countryside, the labor effect at the time of his first return is not ideal, the crops are not growing well, and the bean seedlings are not as much as grass. On the one hand, it is difficult to eradicate because the land is barren, overgrown with weeds and sparsely populated; On the other hand, it also shows that he is not good at labor. It is reasonable and inevitable that a feudal scholar-bureaucrat and a county grandfather who just left the official position have neither farming experience nor farming ability, and can't grow crops well. He is not satisfied with the situation that "the grass is full of beans and seedlings are scarce", but he does not exaggerate, which is in line with his consistent "Ren Zhen complacent" character. Xiao Tong said that he was straightforward and didn't pretend words. He had drunk with people, regardless of the price. If he got drunk first, he said to the guests, "I am drunk and sleepy, so you can go!" The poet is so open-minded
Early in the morning get up early to eradicate the weeds, the night falls on the moonlight carry hoe to return. In order not to make the bean field barren, the poet went to the ground early in the morning and came back in the moonlight at night. Although it is very hard, he doesn't complain, which can be seen from the beautiful scenery of "returning with the moon lotus hoe". "Chenxing" writes early; "Take the moon" to write late, and we can see that he works at sunrise and works hard every day. "Managing the waste and filth" describes the difficulty of reclamation after he returned to farming. Although the working hours are very long every day, and the body is very tired from sunrise to sunrise, the poet has no complaints, but has a leisurely style of "taking the moon lotus to hoe home" to write about his lightness after work. Tao poetry is plain and full of interest. The interest of Tao poetry comes from freehand brushwork. "Take the moon and hoe home", although the poet who returned from labor was alone, he was accompanied by a bright moon. The poet under the moon, with a hoe on his shoulder, walks through waist-deep grass. What a beautiful picture of returning to farming on a moonlit night! It is filled with the poet's happy mood and the pride of seclusion. We seem to see the poet strolling home with a hoe on his back and humming a poem after he came out of the hill in the month. At this time, man, the moon and the natural environment constitute a harmonious unity, and the poet's spiritual comfort is purified into a noble natural beauty, spiritual beauty and poetic beauty through artistic brushwork, and a beautiful and quiet artistic conception and a leisurely image are emerged. The sentence of "taking the moon" can be said to be a stroke of genius. It turns hard work into joy, turns drowsiness into relaxation, and has the function of a little dyeing. . The plain language of "planting beans under the south mountain" and the beautiful sentence of "bringing the lotus home with the moon"; The former sentence is solid, and the latter sentence is empty. The whole poem is soft and perfect under the mutual complement of plain and beautiful, real and virtual scenes.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, and the night dew moistened my clothes. It is not a pity to wet my clothes, but I hope not to go against my will. The road is narrow and the grass is long, but the clothes are wet. What's the pity? These two sentences are further written that the countryside is barren and it is difficult to return to farming. The above six sentences describe farming life, which is real and simple, just like in the eye. The sentence "clothes are not enough to cherish" seems dull, but this kind of dullness just maps the ending sentence "but make the wish not violate", which makes the "wish not violate" fully emphasized. The "wish" here contains the meaning of not losing yourself in the dirty real world. It not only has the Confucian thought of leading a clean and honest life, but also has the Taoist idea of returning to nature and conforming to nature, and the two are often integrated. The language in this poem is very plain and natural. "Planting beans in the south of the mountain" and "dew on my clothes" came out casually without any modification. This natural and plain poem is integrated into the artistic conception of the whole poem, which makes the spoken language become a poem, unifies the plain spoken language and the poetic mellow beauty harmoniously, and forms the artistic characteristics of Tao Shi's plain and mellow beauty.
This five-character poem mainly uses the method of "Fu" to express thoughts and feelings through narration. There is no description of scenery, no contrast of atmosphere, and no use of metaphor. Almost all of it is narrated, and only a little discussion is made at the end to point out its main idea. The whole poem tells the truth and comes from the heart, so "Houshan Poetry Talk" says: "Yuan Ming is not a poem, but a wonderful thing in his chest." "Poems on Tibetan Seas" said: "Zi Yu narrates Tao poems, which are' dry outside and creamy inside, rich in quality and rich in substance', but full of meaning." Japanese scholar Kondo Yuancui said that this poem is "the essence of Jin Liangyu in the five ancient times". Tao Shi has been praised by Chinese and foreign poetry critics, so it can be seen that its artistic power to conquer people's hearts can be shared with your friends: I post it Sina Weibo Tencent Weibo QQ Space Renren Douban MSN.
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I planted beans under the south hill, and the weeds in the fields were full of pea.
These two sentences are written in the south mountain to plant beans, the grass is lush but the bean seedlings are sparse. The first sentence is very plain, just like an old farmer standing there talking, which makes people feel very cordial.
Early in the morning get up early to eradicate the weeds, the night falls on the moonlight carry hoe to return.
In order not to make the bean field barren, the poet went to the ground early in the morning and came back in the moonlight at night. Although it is very hard, he doesn't complain, which can be seen from the beautiful scenery of "returning with the moon lotus hoe".
The narrow path covered with vegetation, and the night dew moistened my clothes.
It is not a pity to wet my clothes, but I hope not to go against my will.
The road is narrow and the grass is long, but the clothes are wet. What's the pity? This sentence seems dull, but this dullness just reflects the ending sentence "but make the wish not violate", which makes the "wish not violate" fully emphasized. The "wish" here contains the meaning of not losing yourself in the dirty real world.
The language in this poem is very plain and natural. "Planting beans in the south of the mountain" and "dew on my clothes" came out casually without any modification. This natural and plain poem is integrated into the artistic conception of the whole poem, which makes the spoken language become a poem, unifies the plain spoken language and the poetic mellow beauty harmoniously, and forms the artistic characteristics of Tao Shi's plain and mellow beauty.
Tao poetry is plain and full of interest. The interest of Tao poetry comes from freehand brushwork. "Take the moon and hoe home", although the poet who returned from labor was alone, he was accompanied by a bright moon. The poet under the moon, with a hoe on his shoulder, walks through waist-deep grass. What a beautiful picture of returning to farming on a moonlit night! It is filled with the poet's happy mood and the pride of seclusion. The plain language of "planting beans under the south mountain" and the beautiful sentence of "bringing the lotus home with the moon"; The former sentence is solid, and the latter sentence is empty. The whole poem is soft and perfect under the mutual complement of plain and beautiful, real and virtual scenes. Respondent: 103987864 | Level 1 | 20 10- 12-27 20:43
At the end of the first song of "Returning to the Garden", the two sentences are "After a long time in the cage, I am back to nature." The so-called "nature" not only refers to the rural natural environment, but also refers to the natural way of life. In Tao Yuanming's view, it is an act of distorting human nature and losing self to serve by mouth and take social values as his own code of action, and to pursue wealth and fame. The natural way of life is to cultivate and eat by yourself, be satisfied with a simple life and abandon the competition and struggle between people. No matter how this understanding should be evaluated in sociology, it is an idea that has been repeatedly put forward at all times and at all times. Of course, as a descendant of a noble, Tao Yuanming, a scholar-bureaucrat who rarely experienced the tempering of a real miserable life, is actually difficult to support his family by relying entirely on his own physical strength; And in fact, his family still has servants and "proteges" with personal attachment to farm for him. But he is really trying to practice his special understanding of life and society, often taking part in some agricultural labor, and praising the joy and beauty of this labor in his poems. Readers should note that Tao Yuanming's "ploughing" cannot be equated with ordinary farmers' farming, because it is not his main economic means to maintain family life; Nor can we equate Tao Yuanming's feelings about labor with those of ordinary farmers, because this kind of feeling contains quite deep thoughts about life and society. In ancient times, it could only appear on a small number of outstanding intellectuals. If you want to find a similar expression, readers can see it in Tolstoy's famous novel anna karenine. Levin in the novel, to some extent, is the embodiment of the author. He also took part in agricultural labor in person to seek the truth of life, so as to criticize the hypocrisy, emptiness and boredom of aristocratic society. Therefore, this poem looks very simple, as if it is just a fragment of daily life, but its purchase has many connotations that need to be deeply understood. First of all, this poem imperceptibly contains the works of predecessors, that is, a song by Yang Yun (grandson of Sima Qian) in the Han Dynasty: Tian Bi Nan Shan, the filth will not be cured. Plant a hectare of beans, and they will be preserved. Eat, drink, and be rich! This poem was originally written by Yang Yun to vent his grievances after offending and exempting officials. According to Zhang Yan quoted by Yan Shigu in Hanshu, Nanshan is "the image of a man and a king", and the filth can't cure "the chaos of the imperial court", and the beans are scattered in the wild, "giving up my opinion". This statement is generally good. Comparing Tao's poems with Yang's, the similarities are obvious. "Planting beans in the south of the mountain" means "Tian Bi Nan Shan"; "The grass is full of beans and seedlings are rare", which means "the filth is not cured"; "Sorrow and filth in the morning" is also written for the phrase "filth is not cured". Considering Tao Yuanming's familiarity with ancient books, this obvious similarity can be concluded to be no coincidence. Then, what is Tao Yuanming's intention in secretly using Yang's poems? First of all, this kind of application has transplanted some meanings of Yang's poems into his own poems. For those who are familiar with Hanshu, they will immediately think of the metaphor of "the chaos of the imperial court" and the uselessness of sages. However, this poem is not simply detached from predecessors' works. Planting beans and weeding written in the poem are all things in the author's real life. Tao Yuanming not only transplanted a certain meaning of Yang's poems to express his views on real politics, but also showed his attitude towards life in view of the metaphorical meaning of Yang's poems: in a dirty and chaotic society, it is a desirable choice to lead an honest and clean life and cultivate the countryside. At the end of Yang's poem, he said, "When you have to be rich, be merry." On a certain premise, this is what Tao Yuanming agrees with. However, through his own poems, he also shows that working life contains rich life fun. Planting harvest when busy, having a glass of wine to amuse yourself, jumping into the world, and forgetting the world, this is the real "life, eat, drink and be merry". By analyzing the connotation of using allusions in this poem, we can make a further analysis of the poem itself. Some people say that this is because Tao Yuanming first returned to the countryside and was not familiar with farming. In fact, his fields are mainly not cultivated by himself, but he only participates in part of the labor, which is meaningless. The first poem of "Returning to the Garden" has the sentence of "Reclaiming Land in the South", which can prove that the land under Nanshan is newly reclaimed. So it is not suitable for planting other crops, so we have to plant beans that are easy to grow. Everyone who has cultivated the fields knows this truth. If you don't consider the use of allusions, these two sentences are like an old farmer's gossip, which sounds dull and gives people a sense of intimacy. When the grass is full, you have to hoe it, so I went to the fields early in the morning. This is a documentary. However, the word "reasonable waste and filth" is used heavily and seems to have ulterior motives. In Yang Yun's poems, "filth can't be cured" is a metaphor for the chaos of the court. So, in Tao Yuanming's view, what caused the social chaos? That's because many people are divorced from the natural way of life, playing with ingenuity and competing for benefits. So there were wars and bloodshed all over the world. "Life belongs to the Tao, and food and clothing are solid. I don't want to camp, but I want to be safe! " This poem shows that Tao Yuanming regards self-cultivation and self-feeding as the fundamental principle that everyone should follow. Therefore, "managing waste and filth" also contains the profound meaning of rectifying the "filth" of the whole society by the way of self-cultivation and self-feeding. "Bring (wear) the lotus hoe home" means a whole day's work. Tao Yuanming, after all, is not a real farmer. He has servants to go to the fields with him. Even if he is not so nervous and tired when he works, this day is enough. But his mood is very happy. Because there is no good mood, I can't write such a beautiful poem. Moonlight shines all over the fields, carrying hoes and walking home along the field path. What a beautiful picture! In another poem, Tao Yuanming said this to the field work: "Four bodies are sincere and tired, and ordinary people are no different from dry." Although the body is tired, it avoids many injuries. This includes not only fierce fighting, but also cheating among people. Life is practical and powerful in labor, so it is pleasant and beautiful. Because it is newly reclaimed land, the roads are narrow, but the vegetation grows tall. It's getting late, and a little dew condenses on the grass leaves, which makes the clothes wet. It doesn't seem necessary to mention such a small matter, emphasizing that "clothes are not enough to cherish" It's really no pity that the clothes are wet. Tao Yuanming, such an open-minded person, should not talk about it. But "clothes stained" doesn't just mean that clothes are wet, but a symbol. I used to be an official. Although I was uncomfortable, I always had a salary to support my family and get drunk. Resignation and seclusion, life is naturally much more difficult, and working in the fields is not easy for a scholar like him, and this situation will continue. It's easier said than done. Not many people can do it. Tao Yuanming himself is also at war with the rich and the poor in his heart. It's just that the poet doesn't want to talk too far and too openly, so as to destroy the atmosphere of the whole poem, and only lightly click on the small things in front of him. "But do what you want" is the conclusion and theme of the whole poem. "Willing" refers to living according to one's own wishes (that is, keeping one's personality intact, adhering to the ideal of life, and completing this short life in a sincere manner and in a natural way), and not wanting to lose oneself in the dirty real world. Even being a farmer is better than being bent down for "five fights of rice" in officialdom. This is too important. So everything is difficult, compared with it, it becomes insignificant. And it is quite worthy of self-appreciation that I have indeed achieved "what I wish to do without violating". It is Tao Yuanming's specialty to express profound thoughts with simple words and gentle intonation. Even if the reader doesn't know what allusions are used in the poem, just the mood and atmosphere in the poem can convey what the author wants to express to the reader's heart.