I think you may have made a slip of the pen. It should be Chen Baisha, referring to Chen Xianzhang, a philosopher in the Ming Dynasty.

Chen Xianzhang

Chen Xianzhang (1428—15), a thinker, educator, calligrapher and poet in Ming Dynasty, was the only Ming Dynasty scholar who worshiped Confucius Temple in Guangdong Province. He advocated learning expensive and knowing doubts, thinking independently, advocating a more free and open style of study, and gradually formed a school with its own characteristics, known as Jiangmen School in history. The word Gong Fu, Shi Zhai, alias Jasper Old Man, Yutai Jushi, Jiangmen Fisherman, Nanhai Woodcutter, Huang Yun Old Man, etc., are called Mr. Baisha because they once lived in Baisha Village. A native of Xinhui District, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, went to the Ritual Department twice in the twelfth year of orthodoxy. He taught Neo-Confucianism from Wu Yubi, returned half a year later, lived in Baishali, built Yangchun Terrace, studied and sat quietly, stayed indoors for several years, and went to Beijing to imperial academy to offer a toast to make Xing Rang come back as a true Confucian. In the nineteenth year of Chenghua, he was awarded a review by the Hanlin, begging for help and returning home. After his work, he was compiled into The Complete Works of White Sand.

Mr. Bai Sha, a portrait painted by a Ming Dynasty, is in the collection of Guangdong Provincial Museum.

Chen Xianzhang was born on October 21st, the third year of Xuande, Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty (that is, November 27th, 1428), and died on February 1th, the twelfth year of Hongzhi, Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty (that is, March 9th, 15), at the age of 73. His life was full of ups and downs, and several times. The age in which he lived was the historical development process from the early Ming Dynasty to the middle Ming Dynasty, and he spent most of his life in social unrest such as Wang Zhen's power-playing, civil reform and the restoration of the British Sect. At that time, the development of commodity economy injected new development opportunities into feudal society, and during this period, it was also an era with a dull academic atmosphere. Since the Song Dynasty, Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism occupied the dominant position of ideology, and the ideological circle was like a stagnant pool. The establishment of Chen Xianzhang's thought theory broke the original theoretical pattern of Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism and started a new stage of the Ming Dynasty.

Chen Xianzhang, who lost his filial mother

is a native of Guangdong Xinhui Metropolitan Village. When he was a teenager, he moved to the foot of Xiaolu Mountain in Baisha Township with his grandfather, so later generations were respectfully called "Mr. Baisha". Chen Xianzhang was born in a well-off family. My grandfather's name was Yongsheng, and his name was Weichuan. "I don't know the world, so I can read Lao's books." My father's name was Cong, and he was good at poetry and poetry, and he liked to live in seclusion. He died young at the age of 27. Mother Lin, who lost her husband at the age of 24, gave birth to a posthumous son, Chen Xianzhang, and raised orphans, kept the house and kept a festival all her life. Xian Zhang was frail and sickly when he was young, claiming that "no one is sick, but when he is nine years old, he will be fed by breast". The special family environment made Chen Xianzhang particularly filial to his mother. "Non-mother's benevolence [2], I have been in a ravine for a long time. I was born fifty-six years ago, and my mother was seventy and nine. I regard my decline as an infant. Although the love between mother and child in the world is the same, it is not as deep as the sorrow of the minister. " "I'm worried about my mother, and the more I worry about it, the more I get sick, the more I get sick, and the more I worry about it, the more difficult it is to manage for a long time. I'm worried about my mother because I'm sick, and I'm dying, and my heart is promising, but I can't do anything about it. Although I want to be effective, I can't do anything about it! " (

Chen Xianzhang was young, alert, well-read and eager to learn. At the age of 19, he took the Guangdong provincial examination and won the ninth place in the examination. At the age of 21, he took part in the examination of the Ministry of Rites, was admitted as a scholar in the vice list, and entered imperial academy (the highest national institution of higher learning established in ancient China) to study. Later, although he failed to attend the examination twice in Beijing, Chen Xianzhang persisted in his pursuit of knowledge. At the age of 27, he heard that in Linchuan County, Fuzhou, there was a famous scholar, Mr. Kang Zhai (formerly known as Wu Yubi), who had profound knowledge and accomplishments. After reading Zhu Xi's "The Source Record of Iluozhou", he also studied the origin of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, the way of being a saint in Ming Dynasty, and the biography of Confucius and Mencius. In order to visit famous teachers, Chen Baisha was not afraid to travel long distances, crossing Gengling and Meiguan, and arrived in Ganzhou (now Jiangxi Province). He first went up the Jiangxi River, passed Jishui to Qingjiang River, went ashore and then came to Chongren County by land. Finally, he found Mr. Wu Yubi who abandoned his official position and preferred to give lectures at home. ? Wu Yubi is very strict in his scholarship. He requires students to concentrate on their learning attitude, not to be distracted, to concentrate their thoughts, to cultivate themselves when they are quiet, to examine when they are moving, and to make their inner Zhan Ran empty and bright. Chen Xianzhang was very inspired and benefited a lot, but Chen Baisha was not satisfied with Wu and Bi's analysis of the Book of Changes. The next year, he said goodbye to Mr. Wu and returned to Baisha Village in Jiangmen. In the south of Xiaolu Mountain, he built a large-scale bookstore with the title "Spring Balcony". From then on, Chen Baisha lived in seclusion, concentrated on reading and never left home. In order to reduce the interference to him, the family cut a hole in the wall, and the food and clothing were all progressive through this hole.

Baisha Village faces Pengjiang River, with Lushan Mountain in the back, green sunflower and bamboo in front of and behind the village, swaying in the wind and beautiful scenery. There is a Tiansha River outside the village, and there are many crystal white sands in the river, hence the name Baisha Village. Chen Xianzhang lived in seclusion on the balcony in the spring and studied the classic works, discussing the philosophy of his ancestors. When cold comes and summer goes, autumn goes and spring comes. It is precisely: wild birds fly quietly in the window, and spring returns to butterflies unknown; Cicadas sing in the summer, and the moon shadows are oblique in winter. Unconsciously, I spent ten years.

The teaching of setting up a memorial tablet of Ciyuan Temple in Xinhui

After ten years' hard study, meditation, giving up complexity and taking appointments, Chen Xianzhang grasped the key to the harmony between mind and reason, knowledge and cultivation, and made great progress. In the spring of 1465 (the first year of Ming Chenghua), Chen Xianzhang decided to set up a library to teach at Chunyangtai. The news-spread, near the country, far away from the neighboring city, students come here, their doors are like the city, Baisha Village suddenly became lively.

Chen Xianzhang's teaching methods are different: first, sit quietly before reading; Second, teach yourself more and instill less; Third, think hard and take the essence; Fourth, re-doubt, seek truth and know; Fifth, poetry leads to teaching, and philosophy enters poetry. After the beginning of school, the vast majority of students are diligent, but some of them are stained with debauchery, idleness and laziness. Chen Xianzhang has compiled several poems such as Song of Caution, Song of Caution, and Wen of Caution for Laziness to read to students as their motto.

Song of Caution says:

In the world, sanhua always comes first, and sanhua originally wasted money. If you are drunk and crazy, you will wake up, and the flower fans will not know the sky.

fish are thrown into the river bank for swallowing bait, and butterflies go to Yechuan for flowers. Message to Jiangmen disciples, don't be greedy for debauchery and mistake youth.

. Teenagers are easy to get old, but it is hard to become sleepy when they are happy.

to be no.1 is empty and rich, and the bridal chamber is full of flowers and candles. You should know that time flies, so don't go to loaf about lightly.

. Zhong Ni doesn't think all night, but sages are diligent.

I heard that there was Kuang Heng who cut the wall, and I heard that Che Yin could make fireflies. Han Yu burned Sun Yingxue, and those who didn't hear of laziness left their names.

Do you know whether you are lazy or not? Let me tell you in detail:

Officials are lazy and officials bully Cao, leaving lazy soldiers behind, and my mother is cold, and my husband is lazy and my wife is hungry.

If cats and mice don't leave, dogs are lazy and thieves are not suspicious. Looking closely at everything, only lazy words are the most harmful.

Disciples, listen to the instruction:

Don't be lazy when the moon is dying. Write an article from the beginning with a pen and stick it to the right of the seat as a warning.

In order to teach students to attach importance to the combination of study and labor production, he wrote another ballad:

On February 28th, Jiangmen Fair, he bought both hoes and books. Fields can be cultivated and books can be read, and half farmers are half Confucianism.

These poems are rich in content, literary, easy to understand and catchy. Not only are the students deeply taught, but even the masses are scrambling to tell them.

White Sands Lecture Pavilion in Guifeng Mountain, Xinhui

Begging for Retirement as an Official

In p>1466, Chen Xianzhang received a letter from Qian Pu, Shunde County, urging him to take advantage of the new emperor's ceremony to teach, rectify the official program, gain fame and serve the country. So I decided to go to the capital again and visit the Imperial College again. Chen Xianzhang was 38 years old. The official in charge of imperial academy is Xing Jean, who offered a drink offering. He used to take part in the scientific research of Wuchen (1448) with Chen Xianzhang, and Chen Baisha got the vice list (equal to preparing for life). Xing Rang was a scholar in the examination and worked as Jishi Shu in the Imperial Academy, compiling the emperor's memoir, and was just promoted to drink offering in imperial academy. Xing Rang intends to test Chen Xianzhang's knowledge and let him write a song "Heyang Guishan <; This day is no longer available > Rhyme "poem. Yang Guishan is Yang Shi, a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was born as a scholar and received a bachelor's degree from Longtuge. He is knowledgeable and wrote a series of poems entitled "I won't get it again this day", which is famous far and wide. Chen Xianzhang was absorbed in meditation, and after a while, he left with a brush. After the poem was written, a group of aspiring scholars in the DPRK were amazed and rushed to tell it. Xing Rang praised Chen Xianzhang for his comeback as a true Confucian, so he recommended Chen Xianzhang to the Ministry as a clerk to Wei Ao, a senior official of the Ministry. Later, Chen Xianzhang did receive the official edict, but he was a low-level beadle in the official department yamen, who kept a record of cases, copied and checked them, and sealed them for delivery.

Chen Xianzhang, a native of honest and frank, was disdainful to curry favor with the dignitaries in the DPRK, so he angered Yin Hao, the assistant minister of the official residence and etiquette department at that time, and was assassinated and framed by the dignitaries. Honest officials have infinite sympathy and protection for Chen Baisha. After four years, Chen Xianzhang was 42 years old and took part in the examination again. Because the treacherous court official failed in the examination, Chen Xianzhang decided to return to the south. Chen Xianzhang's former residence

studies and educates people

Chen Xianzhang returned to Xinhui, where he presented a poem with his mother, wife, children and brother to celebrate his family happiness. From then on, Chen Xianzhang devoted himself to studying philosophy and reviving the teaching circle. At that time, Chen Xianzhang's reputation spread far and wide, and scholars from all over the world came to ask for a disciple's gift and to enter school to be taught. Chen Xianzhang has been teaching for more than ten years, and many students have benefited from his teachings and become the pillars of the imperial court, thus forming the Lingnan School.

in p>1483 (the 19th year of Ming Chenghua), Chen Xianzhang was 55 years old. Because of the recommendation of Zhu Ying, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, Peng Shao, the left political envoy of Guangdong, he should make a letter to Beijing to contribute to the imperial court. After a half-year journey, I arrived in Beijing. At that time, Yin Hao, a powerful official who had been promoted to the official department's minister of history and had contradictions with Chen Xianzhang in the past, was still resentful and domineering. Chen Xianzhang had to goldbrick and ask for an extension. Finally, I wrote a copy of Begging for Self-cultivation to Emperor Xianzong, requesting permission for him to go home to serve his elderly and long-suffering mother. The emperor was moved by the article "Begging for Self-cultivation". He felt that Chen Xianzhang was not only good at learning, but also worthy of filial piety. He was allowed to return to his adoptive mother and was awarded the title of "Review by the Imperial Academy".

Chen Xianzhang was poor all his life. Deng Tingyou, the ancient capital, ordered Panyu County to send rice and stone every month, but he refused, saying that he "has two hectares of land and enough farming". Another provincial judge spent huge sums of money to buy him a garden mansion, and he also politely refused. Since then, Chen Xianzhang has been living in seclusion, serving his mother, continuing to give lectures and cultivating many talents. Later, Zhan Ruoshui, an important official who was also a minister of rites, officials and soldiers, and Liang Chu, a famous official who was given to the Taishi by the foot soldiers of Wenhua Pavilion University, were all his disciples. Other disciples include Li Chengji, Lin Jixi, Zhang Tingshi, He Qin, Chen Maolie, Rong Yizhi, Luo Fuzhou, Pan Han, Ye Hong, Xie You and Lin Tingsui.

Chen Xianzhang is tireless in teaching. In addition to teaching classics, history and literature, he strives to innovate and be practical. In his spare time, he often practices horseback riding and archery with students in the wilderness. Chen Xianzhang is good at poetry, calligraphy and plum painting. He was a famous poet in the Ming Dynasty, with 1977 poems of various genres. His poems have a high style. From his poetry creation, it can be proved that Chen Xianzhang is a celebrity who is good at using "poetry teaching". His poetry and prose works were compiled by his students into the Complete Works of White Sand and published for generations. Chen Xianzhang's calligraphy is unique. He used to write with a homemade "Mao Long" pen. Maolongbi is made of tough thatch grown from Guifeng Mountain in Xinhui, with vigorous and powerful fonts and unique style.

since the book poem volume

cursive castor poem volume

it has been honored for p>15 years (in the 13th year of Ming Hongzhi), Chen Xianzhang died of illness in his native land at the age of 72, and posthumous title was "Wen Gong". In 1574 (the second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), the imperial court issued a letter to build a ancestral temple in Baisha Township, and gave it a couplet and a portrait of the memorial. The forehead said "Chongzhengtang", and Lian said: "Taoism has been spreading Confucius and Mencius for three thousand years, learning from Shao Cheng and Zhu." In 1585 (the 13th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty), the emperor ordered him to worship the Confucius Temple, which earned him the reputation of "one person in Lingnan" and "the largest Confucian in Guangdong".

There are many relics of Chen Xianzhang in Jiangmen, except the Chu Yun Terrace, the Spring Balcony, the Lushan Academy and the Jiahui Building, which have long been lost. Besides, there are still the Baisha Temple, the Biyu Building and the Zhenjie Monument Square, all of which are buildings of the Ming Dynasty. Among them, chastity archway is also designated as "key cultural relics protection unit in Guangdong Province". In addition, there are memorial buildings such as "Old Site of Diaotai" and "Baisha Park".

Statue of Chen Xianzhang

Records in ancient books

Notes on South Vietnam (Volume 4)

Chen Xianzhang was named Gongfu, and was born in Xinhui. The orthodox township recommended the ninth, and the two went to the spring official. After visiting Wu and Bi in Linzhou, there is enlightenment. Bigui is famous. When Qian Pu went to Shunde, he knew that he was a pure Confucian, elegant and heavy, and advised him to complete his career. At the time of Cheng Jun, Xing Rang-ming and Yang Guishan's poem "I won't get it again this day" were offered as a toast. After reading it, they were shocked and said, "The vigilance is incomparable, and it is bluer than blue." Pass it on in the competition. Returning to the south, learning is becoming more and more popular. So the world knows Chen Baisha. After repeated recommendations, I encouraged my mother to go to Beijing, and I made a letter to her, giving her a review, getting a home, and taking it as my duty to learn from the saints. He Qinzhi from Liaodong, Li Chengji from Jiayu, Zhang Xu from Panyu, Zhan Ruoshui from Zengcheng and Linguang from Dongguan are all in the mood of Jiangmen. His poems are named after his family, and his calligraphy is in the Jin and Tang Dynasties. I am happy to write a book for the garden in the evening, and the world is precious. "Tongzhi" Lu Fu Jing She is located on the South Xiaolu Mountain in Xinhui County, two miles away from Jiangmen, and the name of Jianbasha Village in Chen Xianzhang. [3]

Biography of Ming History

Chen Xianzhang, whose name is Gong Fu, was born in Xinhui. Take the orthodox twelve years after having obtained the provincial examination, and then go to the Ministry of rites, which is not the first. Giving lectures from Wu Yubi. After living for half a year, I am poor in studying day and night. Build Yangchun terrace, sit quietly in it, and there is no outdoor trace for several years. After a long time, I went back to business school. Xing Rangshi, a wine-offering, and Yang Shi wrote a poem "This Day Will Never Come Again", which surprised them and said, "Kameyama is not as good as it is." Threatened to the DPRK, thinking that true Confucianism would return. You are a famous Jingshi. Listen to He Qin's comments in the event, and resist the dismissal of the official today, and hold a disciple's ceremony to present a chapter. Since the chapter is returned, scholars from all over the world are advancing day by day. Guangdong Minister Peng Shao and Governor Zhu Ying made recommendations. Called to Beijing, ordered to try the official department. I repeatedly said

I will not go to the disease, and I will support myself after begging, and I will be awarded a review by the Hanlin Academy. To Nan 'an, Zhang Bi, the magistrate, suspected that he worshipped the official, which was different from that of He Bi. He said, "Mr. Wu was recommended by Shi Heng for his cloth clothes, so he asked for a secretary after leaving his post, hoping to enlighten the Lord. When the slaughter didn't realize it, shilling was appointed and then read the book. He was very upset and decided to go. Give a chapter and listen to the election of the country's children, how dare you fake words and fish for false reputation. " Naturally, I have repeatedly recommended it, but I can't afford it.

the study of chapter dedication focuses on quietness. Its teachers, but make the sitting clear, cultivate clues in silence. Or persuade him to write, not to answer. Taste said to himself, "When I was twenty-seven, I began to learn from Wu, and I talked about everything in the books of ancient sages, but I didn't know where to go. Compared with the white sand, I only want to use force, but I can't get it. So I gave up all the fuss and asked for an appointment. I sat quietly for a long time, and then I saw that my heart was hidden, and my daily entertainment was as I wanted, like a horse's royal joy. " His learning is unique, and critics say that he has the joy of flying kites and jumping fish, while Lanxi Jiang Lin thinks that "Mencius is alive".

There are seven spots on the right cheek. On the 24th of the mother's year, I observed the festival and presented the highest filial piety. When the mother has thoughts, she will return to her heart. Hongzhi died in the thirteenth year at the age of seventy-three. At the beginning of Wanli, from the worship of Confucius temple, I pursued Wen Gong.

Master Li Chengji, whose name is Shiqing, is a Jiayu man. In the twenty-second year of Chenghua, he took the township test. Presenting a chapter to the teacher, offering a chapter day and going to the mountains and rivers, throwing pots and chanting poems, and talking about ancient and modern things, there is no one to talk about. After a long time, Cheng Ji realized something, resigned, lived in seclusion in Huanggongshan and ceased to be an official. With my brother Jinshi Chengfang, they are both eager to learn, and they are called Jiayu Erli. He died at the age of fifty-four.

Chen Xianzhang, whose name is Gong Fu, lives in Baisha Village, Xinhui County, Guangzhou. He is known as Mr. Baisha in the world, and even children and women are all interested in Chen Daotong Yun. When I tasted the dream and saw a great man, I laughed and said, "Among the eight tones, the stone tone is difficult to be harmonious. If it is harmonious today, it is a son."