Including a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism, syndrome differentiation and classification treatment, treatment efficacy standards, classification treatment, special prescription treatment, old Chinese medicine experience, and the law of medication. Asthma (hereinafter referred to as asthma) is a common chronic disease characterized by paroxysmal chest tightness and cough, mostly typical dyspnea with wheezing sound. This disease is mostly caused by many factors in the body on the basis of heredity. However, the exact cause has not been fully understood so far. At present, there are no radical methods and drugs in modern medicine. In traditional Chinese medicine, this disease belongs to asthma or asthma. As early as Huangdi Neijing, it was recorded. For example, Su Wen General Comment on the Theory of Deficiency and Deficiency says: "Wind-heat in the breast, wheezing in the shoulder" describes the causes and symptoms of wheezing in children. Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases in Han Dynasty expounded the characteristics of throat wheezing and inability to lie down, and made Xiaoqinglong Decoction, Yuemaijia Decoction and Banxia Decoction, which are still commonly used in clinic. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there was a further understanding of the clinical symptoms and prescription treatment of this disease. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, since the book "Danxi Heart Therapy" began, asthma was independently written into articles, and the viewpoint that "strengthening vital energy is the main thing before it is developed, but attacking evil energy is the urgent thing after it is developed" was put forward, which had great influence on later generations. In Ming Dynasty, Dai Yuanli clearly put forward the theory of persistent roots on the etiology of this disease. The understanding of asthma in Qing Dynasty made great progress. In terms of etiology, Li Yongcui summarized it as follows: there is congestion only in the interior, untimely feeling in the exterior, and phlegm separated by glue. On the theory of syndrome differentiation, Jin Jian of Medical Zong divides it into four categories: cold, heat, deficiency and excess. In terms of treatment, many doctors have summarized and sorted out the previous experience according to their own clinical practice. The clinical data of modern Chinese medicine was first seen in 1954. In the middle and late 1950s, a lot of work was done to explore and inherit ancient prescriptions (mainly prescriptions containing arsenic) and folk prescriptions, and useful discussions were carried out. In the 1960s, the treatment of this disease attracted the attention of Chinese medicine, and the number of reported cases increased significantly, often reaching more than 100 cases. Great progress has been made in syndrome differentiation of this disease, especially in the study of tongue coating and pulse condition. The application of Qigong reached its peak in this period, and the curative effect and mechanism were observed objectively. In addition, various acupoints, mainly body acupuncture, have also been applied to the treatment of this disease. Great progress has been made in the treatment of this disease since the late 1970s. On the one hand, the understanding from etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and classification to curative effect evaluation is gradually consistent; On the other hand, in view of the complicated condition and easy recurrence of this disease, the treatment methods are becoming more and more diverse, and the special prescription for treating asthma has become one of the main methods to prevent and treat asthma at present. At the same time, in the treatment effect, it has increasingly shown the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the statistics of publicly reported clinical data, its effective rate is about 85% ~ 90%. The research on the mechanism of TCM prevention and treatment of asthma began in the 1960s. At that time, the changes of urine 17 ketosteroid content in patients treated with qigong were observed, and it was considered that the therapeutic effect might be related to increasing blood flow in adrenal cortex. Since the 1980s, researches on endocrinology, immunology, hemorheology and molecular biology have been widely carried out, and a series of achievements have been made. If the application method is found, it can regulate the function of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system of patients and improve the excitability of pituitary-adrenal axis inhibited by exogenous sex hormones, thus obtaining the long-term curative effect of asthma. In addition, through the determination of hemorheology, it is found that the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and the clinical manifestations of blood stasis syndrome are related to many abnormal hemorheological indexes. It is still the direction of Chinese medicine workers' efforts in the future to seek a universal cure and prescription for eradicating this disease. Regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of asthma, there are many viewpoints in the past dynasties, such as controlling lung, kidney, blood stasis, phlegm, perennial root, seven emotions, diet and so on. Through a large number of modern investigations and observations, it is generally considered that there are internal and external causes. The external factors are related to climate, diet and environment, among which the main one is the imbalance of cold and temperature, and the induction of this disease is closely related to seasons; Diet is sweet, sour and salty; The environment is also an important inducer, such as smoke, pollen, paint, etc., and the smell of cigarettes is the most important. Internal factors are related to physique, heredity and emotion. Clinically, it is found that children with puffiness, pale complexion, loose meat, fever of hands and feet, poor development or phlegm accumulation of milk tinea are prone to suffer from this disease. Its pathogenesis can be summarized as follows: phlegm is the most responsible pathogenesis of epidemic salivary asthma. The production of phlegm is caused by many internal and external factors. Exogenous wind-cold is lost on the exterior and coagulated into cold phlegm, or overeating sweet and fat wine pulp makes phlegm hot inside, which goes up to the lungs and gathers into hot phlegm. Long-term smoking, burning the lungs, or anger and anxiety, qi stagnation, can produce phlegm. However, congenital deficiency, or chronic illness, visceral dysfunction, can even lead to phlegm turbidity. Phlegm lurks inside, which cannot be cemented, and becomes a perennial root. Once the new pathogen is induced, it will lead to phlegm stagnation, obstruction of the tube, airway failure, and phlegm moving with the breath, which will lead to wheezing and asthma. The course of deficiency is prolonged, phlegm and turbidity remain for a long time, and healthy qi is gradually weakened; Or because of old age and infirmity, the viscera and essence are attenuated, which can lead to low viscera function. In the early stage of the disease or among teenagers, most of the diseases are located in the lungs, and the solid disease is the main one; In the late stage or old age, it gradually turns from excess to deficiency, from lung and kidney. In recent years, it has been found that the onset of asthma is also related to blood stasis, and phlegm retention is mostly the cause and effect of qi stagnation and blood stasis. When the disease is detained for a long time, qi stagnation and phlegm stagnation, the collaterals are blocked, and blood circulation is blocked, which may lead to blood stasis and phlegm cementation. Through a lot of clinical practice, the classification of bronchial asthma has gradually become unified. The specific types are as follows: 1. During the attack, cold wheezing has shortness of breath, wheezing sounds in the throat, white phlegm is not sticky or thin and frothy, the mouth is not thirsty or thirsty and likes hot drinks, and the form is cold and afraid of cold. The tongue coating is white and slippery, and the pulse is tight. Hot wheezing, rough breath, roaring phlegm, chest tightness, coughing and choking, yellow and thick phlegm, adverse cough and vomiting, sweating, thirst and drinking, not aversion to cold. The tongue is red, with yellow greasy fur and slippery pulse. 2. In the remission stage, lung deficiency, fear of cold and spontaneous sweating, shortness of breath and low voice are easy to catch a cold, which is induced by climate change. The tongue is pale, the coating is thin and white, and the pulse is thin and weak. Kidney deficiency usually leads to shortness of breath, shortness of breath when moving, soreness in waist and limp limbs, chills and cold limbs, and pale complexion. The tongue is pale, the coating is white, and the pulse is heavy and thin. There are still three types of classification: spleen deficiency, lung deficiency and spleen deficiency, but according to the literature and clinical reports, it is omitted. 1 Short-term efficacy standard Clinical control: wheezing symptoms and wheezing sounds in the lungs disappeared. Remarkable results: wheezing symptoms and wheezing sounds in the lungs have improved significantly. Effective: wheezing symptoms and wheezing sounds in the lungs have improved. Ineffective: wheezing symptoms and wheezing sounds in the lungs have not improved or worsened. 2 Long-term curative effect standard Clinical cure: without any medicine, keep asymptomatic for more than one year. Remarkable effect: I occasionally use antiasthmatic drugs to relieve wheezing. Ineffective: the symptoms have not improved. (1) Onset 1 Treatment of cold asthma: dispersing lung and dispelling cold, eliminating phlegm and relieving asthma. Prescription: Belamcanda rhizome10g, honey-baked ephedra15g, cassia twig 9g, Schisandra chinensis 9g, dried ginger 9g15g, prepared Pinellia ternata 30g, white peony root 30g, asarum herb 6-9g and licorice root 9-kloc-0/5g. Add and subtract: 9 grams of Inula (fried), 9 grams of white mustard seed, 30 grams of radish seeds and 9 grams of perilla seeds. Usage: daily 1 dose, decocted in water twice, and taken twice. Efficacy: 94 cases were treated with the above prescription or similar prescription. Results 45 cases were clinically controlled, 35 cases were markedly effective, 3 cases were effective, and 1 1 case was ineffective. The total effective rate was 88.3%. Common prescriptions: Xiaoqinglong Decoction, San 'ao Decoction, Shegan Mahuang Decoction, etc. Treatment of heat asthma: dispersing lung and clearing heat, removing phlegm and stopping asthma. Prescription: Ephedra15g, Almond15g, Gypsum Fibrosum 50g and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch15g. Addition and subtraction: Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Radix Platycodi and Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae should be added to phlegm; Peucedanum praeruptorum, golden boiling grass and Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii are added to cough; Pheretima, Cortex Mori, and Inulae Flos are added to relieve asthma (decocted); Increase the amount of gypsum due to fever, and add Scutellariae Radix, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae and Flos Lonicerae; Winter flower, purple flower and Schisandra chinensis are added in the wheezing period. Usage: daily 1 dose, decocted in water twice, and taken twice. Curative effect: 26 1 case was treated with the above prescription or similar prescription, 38 cases were clinically controlled, 72 cases were effective 140 cases, and 72 cases were ineffective 1 1 case, with a total effective rate of 95.8%. Generally speaking, the clinical control efficiency of heat asthma is not as good as that of cold asthma. Common prescriptions: Baiguo Dingchuan Decoction, Monkey Jujube Powder and Yuemaijia Banxia Decoction. (2) Remission period 1 Treatment of lung deficiency: nourishing yin and benefiting qi, tonifying lung and stopping asthma. Prescription: 9 grams of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, 9 grams of Ophiopogon japonicus, 5 grams of Fructus Mume, 5 grams of dried tangerine peel, 9 grams of Perilla frutescens, 9 grams of earthworm, 5 grams of dark plum, 30 grams of magnet, 6 grams of placenta Hominis, 9 grams of Fructus Psoraleae and 9 grams of peach kernel. Addition and subtraction: qi deficiency plus astragalus; Yin deficiency plus Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Adenophorae and Cordyceps; Yang deficiency plus Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata and Cortex Cinnamomi; Adding Saviae Miltiorrhizae Radix and Rhizoma Chuanxiong for blood stasis; Phlegm is full of heat in Trichosanthes kirilowii, and deficiency is combined with Liujunzi decoction. Usage: daily 1 dose, decocted in water twice, and taken twice. Efficacy: * * * 80 cases were treated, 43 cases were clinically controlled, 23 cases were markedly effective, 8 cases were effective and 6 cases were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 92.5%. Common prescriptions: Baishe Gujin Decoction, etc. Treatment of kidney deficiency: Naqi, Wenyang Pingchuan. Prescription: Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Cortex Moutan, Rhizoma Alismatis, Fructus Psoraleae10g, Poria and Fructus Schisandrae each12g, Rhizoma Dioscoreae 20g, cornus15g, and walnut meat15g. Addition and subtraction: Radix Aconiti Lateralis, Cortex Cinnamomi and Gecko are added for kidney-yang deficiency; Kidney yin deficiency plus Ligustrum lucidum and Dendrobium nobile; Add almond, perilla and Pinellia tuber to cough phlegm; Appetite loss plus medicated leaven and hawthorn. Usage: Take the medicine daily 1 dose, decoct in water twice, and take it hot twice. Curative effect: 38 cases were treated from above, with marked effect 1 1 case, 20 cases were effective and 2 cases were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 93.9%. In addition, 82 cases were observed by Wenyang tablets (mainly composed of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Radix Rehmanniae, Herba Epimedii, Semen Cuscutae, Fructus Psoraleae, etc.) orally (5 tablets each time, 3 times a day). Results Eight cases were clinically controlled, 42 cases were markedly effective, 5 cases were effective, and the total effective rate was 93.9%, which had a good effect on kidney deficiency type, and had the existing function of preventing seizures. The experimental study also confirmed that Wenyang tablet can regulate the endocrine imbalance and function of these patients. Commonly used prescriptions: Duqi Pill, Ginseng Gecko Powder, Gecko Dingchuan Pill, etc. (1) Shi Ying granule consists of Rhizoma Paridis15g, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong15g, Herba Ephedrae 9g, Radix Purple and Bai Shiying 3g each, Gleditsia sinensis 3g, and Radix Glycyrrhizae 6g. Usage: decoct the above herbs into extract, and then mix with 3g of nacre powder to make granules, which are divided into 4 packages, each containing 20g of crude drugs. 2 ~ 3 times a day, each time 1 bag, with boiled water. When asthma attacks, take 1 pack at midnight. Take it continuously for 2 weeks as a course of treatment. Efficacy: *** 1 18 cases (43 cases of bronchial asthma and 75 cases of asthmatic bronchitis). Results 5 cases were clinically controlled, 33 cases were markedly effective, 7 cases were improved, 9 cases were ineffective, and the total effective rate was 92.4%. (2) The composition of Maxingdian Gancha soup: honey-roasted ephedra 3g, almond 6g, gypsum12g, asarum 2g, tea 6g, ginger 3g, jujube 4g, roasted licorice 4g, mulberry bark15g and ginkgo 3g. Usage: daily 1 dose, decocted in water twice, and taken twice. Efficacy: 64 cases were treated with * * *. Results Six cases were clinically controlled, 33 cases were markedly effective, 8 cases were effective 17, and the total effective rate was 87.5%. (3) Longdan Jiechuan Decoction consists of 20g of earthworm, 0/5g of Arisaema cum bile/kloc-,0/5g of almond/kloc-,0/0g of Fructus Trichosanthis/kloc-,0/2g of loquat leaf/kloc-,0/5g of platycodon grandiflorum/kloc-and Fritillaria cirrhosa. Addition and subtraction: cold phlegm plus coltsfoot flower12g, asarum10g; Add forsythia suspensa15g to hot phlegm, and prepare rhizoma arisaematis15g; For dyspnea, add Lepidium15g, Perilla15g. Usage: daily 1 dose, decocted in water twice, and taken twice. Efficacy: 96 cases were treated with * * *, and its long-term efficacy is as follows: 28 cases were clinically cured, 38 cases were markedly effective, 28 cases were effective and 2 cases were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 97.9%. (4) zhixiaoling tablet consists of 5 grams of earthworm, 2.5 grams of ephedra, 7.5 grams of perilla, 2 grams of belamcanda chinensis, 2 grams of arborvitae, 2 grams of scutellaria baicalensis, cortex dictamni 1 g, 1 g, licorice 1 g, Sophora flavescens 1 g, etc. Usage: By scientific method, the medicine is concentrated and made into sugar-coated tablets 100 tablets, each tablet is 0.1g (containing endogenous equivalent of 0. 25 ~ 4 juices, 4 ~ 6 tablets each time for 4 ~ 6 years old, 6 ~ 8 tablets each time for 6 ~ 12 years old, and 8 ~10 tablets for over 2 years old. The curative effect of ugly for 0 months is: * * * 523 cases were treated, 294 cases were clinically controlled, 65 cases were effective, 42 cases were ineffective, and the total effective rate was 92.4%. This prescription is mainly suitable for children with asthma. Animal experiments have proved that zhixiaoling tablets have obvious antiasthmatic and antiasthmatic effects, and are safe and non-toxic. (5) Jinshui Liujun Tablet consists of dried tangerine peel10g, prepared Pinellia tuber10g, Poria cocos12g, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata10g, Chinese angelica 5g and walnut meat 20g. Usage: According to the above formula, grind into fine powder, add excipient and tablet, each tablet contains 0.3g of crude drug. Administration method: within 10 years old, take 1 tablet every year according to age; /kloc-take 10 tablets every time over 0/0 years old, three times a day, and swallow with boiling water. Or grind it and take it with white sugar and boiling water. 1 month is a course of treatment, and two courses of treatment are taken continuously. Fasting chickens, ducks, geese, fish, shrimp, etc. during and within half a year after taking the medicine. Efficacy: * * * treatment 138 cases, its long-term efficacy, 45 cases were clinically cured, 45 cases were markedly effective, 88 cases were effective, and 5 cases were ineffective1%,with a total effective rate of 89.1%. (6) Shixiaosan consists of dried earthworm15g, fried leech10g, centipede10g, Venenum Bufonis150g, fried Gleditsia sinensis15g, and Herba Ephedrae 6g. Addition and subtraction: Trogopterori is added to those who are cold; Those who are hot aggravate earthworm; Constipation plus rhubarb; Reduce the amount of fried Gleditsia sinensis due to insufficient phlegm. Usage: Dry the herbs, grind them into powder, and put them into human capsules. Take 6 grams for those who are physically strong and 3 grams for those who are physically weak, three times a day, and take it with Shenxu decoction. Efficacy: This prescription is mainly suitable for asthma patients with phlegm and blood stasis. * * * 49 cases were treated, the clinical control and marked effect were 4 1 case, 6 cases were effective, 2 cases were ineffective, and the total effective rate was 95.9%. (7) Composition of Herba Ephedrae Atomizer: divided into two groups: 1 0g of Herba Ephedrae10g of Ramulus Cinnamomi10g of almond10g of perilla, 5g of orange red and 0g of licorice10g; 5 grams of Chinese ephedra, 0/0g of almond/kloc, 30g of gypsum, 0/0g of scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, 0/5g of mulberry bark/kloc, 20g of honeysuckle. Usage: decoct each group of drugs in water twice, repeatedly filter and concentrate, take 50 ml of liquid, bottle and seal for later use. The former is used for cold asthma, and the latter is used for hot asthma. The oral cavity was treated with ultrasonic atomized liquid, and the inhalation time was 40 minutes each time,1~ 2 times a day. Efficacy: * * * 60 cases were treated. Among them, there were 26 cases of cold asthma, and the results were 16 cases, 8 cases were effective and 2 cases were ineffective. There were 34 cases of heat asthma, with marked effect 18 cases, effective 12 cases and ineffective in 4 cases. The total effective rate was 90%. Wang Zhenggong medical record Cao×, male, 13 years old. Asthma for 8 years. Recently, I suffered from cold asthma for 3 days. Cough, shortness of breath, inability to lie down, thin and white fur, and tight pulse. Wind-cold external bundle, phlegm blocking lung collaterals. First of all, it is supposed to be pungent, warm and evil, dispersing lung and eliminating phlegm. Prescription: 5 grams of ephedra, 9 grams of almond, 4 grams of raw licorice, 9 grams of Schizonepeta, 9 grams of perilla, 5 grams of cassia twig, 9 grams of aster, 9 grams of Stemona, 9 grams of Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii, 9 grams of Bombyx Batryticatus and 3 grams of cicada skin. After 5 doses, the asthma was flat and the fur was white. Herba Ephedrae, Fructus Perillae and Ramulus Cinnamomi were removed from the original prescription, and 9 grams of Fructus Arctii, 6 grams of Radix Peucedani and 9 grams of Radix Adenophorae were added. After taking it for 3 weeks, there was no asthma. After removing Schizonepeta tenuifolia, Radix Codonopsis and Radix Angelicae Sinensis were added to replenish qi and nourish blood, and the essence was adjusted, and pills were used instead. Asthma did not occur for many years. According to Wang Lao, most of the causes of asthma are due to the failure to reveal the cold or respiratory tract infection in childhood, or taking cold and moistening lung and relieving cough too early, so that the evil stays in the lung system and the lung loses its clearing, resulting in persistent cough, repeated over time, lung qi injury, evil lying in the lung, gradually becoming a permanent root, sudden climate change, or other factors, and it is easy to feel external evil and induce phlegm to induce asthma. In the treatment of asthma attack, we should distinguish the difference of exogenous pathogens and adopt different methods. Generally speaking, it is mainly based on penetrating evil, assisted by eliminating phlegm and relieving spasm. At the initial stage of acute attack, the symptoms of wind-cold binding the lung and lung-qi failure to propagate are common, which should be pungent and warm, and San' ao decoction combined with Zhisou powder is often used as the basic prescription. Ephedra in San 'ao decoction warms the lungs, and Schizonepeta in Zhisou powder relieves exterior symptoms and dispels wind, which is the treatment of seeking the root cause. However, it should be noted that adolescent patients often turn to wind-heat when wind-cold is witnessed. At this time, ephedra should be removed or reduced, and products such as Fructus Arctii, Radix Peucedani and Cortex Mori should be added to clear lung-heat and penetrate evil. Regardless of wind-cold, wind-heat, phlegm-heat and phlegm-dampness, insect drugs such as stiff silkworm and cicada skin should be added to dispel wind, relieve spasm, resolve phlegm and disperse stagnation. At this time, blindly adding Radix Adenophorae to the propaganda can benefit lung qi and not love evil. To the remission stage, although the main treatment is nourishing blood and benefiting qi, strengthening the body resistance and strengthening the constitution, it is still necessary to use several kinds of products to clear up the remaining evils.

Cognition, bronchial asthma,