Citrus citrus is a rare tree species and is a valuable Chinese medicinal material. At present, the price of dried bergamot species on the market is 260 to 300 yuan per kilogram. Bergamot is a medicinal tree species that is easy for farmers to learn and grow.
1. Selection of soil conditions: Bergamot is suitable for planting on acidic soil. Generally, the soil pH value is between 6 and 7. In coastal areas, it can also be cultivated in places with high terrain, smooth drainage and irrigation, and light soil content.
2. Methods of seedling propagation There are two ways to propagate bergamot: one is branch cutting; the other is layering propagation. Branch cuttings are generally carried out from March to April every year. First, select branches from the bergamot tree with full buds. Cut off the annual branches and cut them into 4 to 5 inch long cuttings. Before cutting, soak the roots with PT rooting powder for 2 to 3 hours; the cutting line and row spacing are 0.4 ×0.2 feet, after cutting, 2 to 3 buds of the ear strips are exposed on the ground. Plastic films are used to arch the borders to increase temperature and promote growth, thus promoting early germination and rooting of the fringes. Layering is carried out every year from July to August. The longer side branches are pressed underground. After a few days, the underground branches will grow roots, which can then be cut off and transplanted and cultivated in the following spring.
3. The sparse density of cultivation. The density of bergamot cultivation should be sparse. Single rows and single plants are used for planting. Generally, the spacing between plants is one foot, the spacing between rows is one foot, and there are 60 spacings per mu of field. When planting, apply enough base fertilizer and then plant in a fixed hole.
4. Management requirements and measures Bergamot is a shallow-rooted tree species. The lateral roots grow horizontally in the soil. Deep plowing is not suitable in winter. In summer, weeds should be removed shallowly to prevent deep removal of roots, which will affect growth. When topdressing, you can lightly loosen the soil on the surface of the ground, and then pour the fertilizer on the ground. The first layer will be dried 50 cm away from the ground. After drying, 3 to 4 side branches will grow from the main trunk and grow separately in all directions. A main trunk grows from the main trunk and continues to grow upward until it grows to 40 to 50 centimeters. The main trunk is still cut off, and the side branches growing on the main trunk are retained as the second layer of main branches. The height of the entire tree is about 2 meters. The overly dense branches in the canopy should be thinned out appropriately in winter and summer to adjust the water distribution and light path in the canopy, so as to improve the fruit setting rate and increase the yield.
5. Prevention and control of pests and diseases Bergamot is a sweet tree species
It has a strong fragrance and is easy to attract spider mites and spider mites. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent and control spider mites and beetles during the growing season. 1605 and dicofol 1000 to 1500 times can be used for control. The stem-boring pest longhorn beetles can be killed with poison and liquid injection. For diseases, carbendazim and thiophanate can be used to control the disease after flowering to improve the fruit setting rate after flowering.
6. Fruit Harvesting and Sales Bergamot fruits mature in stages and are harvested 8 to 10 times a year. When picking, the fruit turns from green to yellow, which is the right time for picking. After picking, it is cut into slices and dried in the sun, and then sold on the market. Bergamot is an important commodity for exporting and earning foreign exchange. It can be used to refine flavors and cosmetics, and is a hot commodity among foreign merchants.