Suitable for spring sowing and summer sowing, and can be sown from April to July every year.

Specific introduction of tomato planting time in various places

1, planting time of tomato in northeast and northwest China

Including northeast and northwest provinces and mountainous areas in northern North China. Spring sowing and autumn harvest, Xia Geng, planting one crop a year. Sow seedlings in March-April or direct seeding in the open field in May, harvest fruits in July-September, and pull out seedlings before early frost. Tomatoes are mainly planted without supports.

2. Tomato planting time in North China

Mainly distributed in North China Plain. The frost-free period is longer than that in the northeast, and it is hot and rainy in summer. So it is not easy to grow tomatoes in summer. /kloc-sow and raise seedlings from October to February, sow in late April to early May, harvest in late June, and pull out seedlings before early August.

3. Tomato planting time in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

It is mainly planted in spring and summer, and a small amount of tomatoes are planted in autumn. The former is called spring tomato and the latter is called autumn tomato.

Spring tomatoes should be sown in February (1 1- 12), sown in the middle and late March of the following year, harvested in the late May, and jointing in the middle and late July.

Autumn tomato, seedling or direct seeding in July-August, sowing in early August-September, harvesting 5438+1October in early June, pulling out seedlings in late October165438+1October.

4. Tomato planting time in Pearl River basin

Mainly cultivated in autumn and winter, also known as winter tomato.

It is rainy in spring, with weak light and high humidity;

Summer is hot and rainy, and there are often typhoons;

In autumn, the weather is sunny, sunny and less rainy;

It's warm in winter. Sow the seedlings in August-September, sow in September-65438+1October, start harvesting in mid-June-165438+1October, and pull out the seedlings until the end of February of the following year.

If you want to grow tomatoes well, you must first understand the relevant knowledge of planting tomatoes, what are the planting conditions, methods and techniques of tomatoes, and how to face some problems.

Second, what are the planting conditions of tomatoes?

Tomato is a warm-loving vegetable, which has the physiological characteristics of semi-drought tolerance. It likes temperature and cold, light and heat, dry air and excessive humidity, and water and waterlogging tolerance. According to the local natural cultivation environment, it is of great significance to adjust the living conditions suitable for vegetable growth, such as temperature, humidity, moisture, light and nutrient supply. Prevent and control all kinds of possible pests and diseases in time, so as to increase tomato yield and increase the economic income of vegetable farmers.

1. Tomato's requirements for temperature: Tomato has different requirements for temperature at different growth stages. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 25-30 degrees Celsius, the lowest germination temperature is 1 1 degrees Celsius, and the highest is 35 degrees Celsius. The seedling stage is 20-25℃ in the daytime and 15-20℃ at night, and the fruiting stage is 25-30℃ in the daytime and 13- 17℃ at night. /kloc-below 0/5℃, above 35℃ is not conducive to flowering and fruit setting.

2. Tomato's requirements for light: Tomato has different requirements for light at different growth stages. They don't need light in the germination stage, but they need enough light in the seedling stage to develop well. Insufficient light will affect flower bud differentiation and pollination. In the fruit-bearing period, there are plenty of fruits and the fruits expand quickly. Insufficient light will affect the yield, and too strong and lasting light will cause sunburn to the fruit.

3. Water requirement of tomato: Tomato has developed root system, strong water absorption capacity and strong evaporation water from leaves, which is a drought-tolerant crop, that is, drought tolerance requires a lot of water, and it grows fast at seedling stage, so the soil should not be too wet. Water should be controlled and watered frequently during the flowering and fruiting period. It is generally guaranteed to water once every 10 day. However, it is not allowed to kill the roots of trees due to floods. If watering is not timely or controlled too much during flowering and fruit setting, a large area of umbilical rot will occur, and too dry soil will also cause physiological leaf curling.

4. Requirements of tomatoes on soil: tomatoes have low requirements on soil, and can be planted in loam with thick soil layer, good drainage and strong soil permeability, or in alkaline soil improved by sandy loam.

5. The demand of tomato for nutrients: The demand ratio of tomato for three main elements, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), is 2: 1:2. Nitrogen plays an important role in stem and leaf growth and fruit development. From flowering to fruiting, the absorption of nitrogen by plants gradually increased until the peak of nitrogen absorption in fruiting period. Therefore, it is necessary to replenish nitrogen fertilizer to plants in time, so that they can take root and sprout and flourish. Tomato does not need much phosphorus, and increasing the application of phosphorus fertilizer at seedling stage can promote flower bud differentiation and flower development. Tomato is a potassium-loving crop, which has the highest demand for potassium, especially in the fruit expansion period, which can promote the development, expansion and coloring of the fruit.

Third, the preparation before tomato planting

1. Soil preparation: The fields planted with tomatoes should be ploughed in autumn, and the ploughing depth is about 30 cm. Sun-drying soil can improve soil structure, improve water-holding capacity, reduce pests and diseases in soil, and create favorable conditions for root growth. Deep ploughing can improve soil channels, promote the activity of soil microorganisms and facilitate the decomposition of soil nutrients. Even if frequent stubble cleaning arrangements make it difficult to dry the soil, it is necessary to dry the soil for as long as possible after harvesting the previous crops and deep ploughing.

2. Ridge: There are four types of tomato field border: high border, flat border, furrow border and ridge border. Deep furrow and high ridge cultivation are mostly used in the local area. Generally, the width of the boundary (flat ditch) is 1.3- 1.7m, in which the width of the ditch is 0.3-0.5m The ridge (ridge) direction, south direction and parallel direction are better, and the plants receive light more evenly.

3. Disinfection of seedlings: Before planting, spray seedlings with 600 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 75% mancozeb wettable powder.

4. Apply sufficient base fertilizer

(1) Apply 5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and add 50 kg of calcium superphosphate, and mix it with ploughing soil, and the ploughing depth is 25-30 cm. High ridge cultivation or ridge cultivation is often used in open field cultivation. Plastic film ridge cultivation is used in protected cultivation, and underground irrigation and drip irrigation under plastic film are used. High-quality manure can be ditched in the middle of the ridge and buried in the season, with 2000-3000 kg of farmyard manure and 200 kg of plant ash manure. After leveling the ridge, dig planting ditches on both sides of the ridge, and apply 200 kg of high-quality fertilizer or 20-25 kg of compound fertilizer in the ditch.

② The absorption rate of nitrogen and potassium in tomato plants is 40-50%, and the absorption rate of phosphorus is 20%. Phosphorus fertilizer plays an important role in the development of tomato fruits and seeds, and also has a great influence on the cultivation of strong seedlings. Nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth and development of stems, leaves and fruits, especially in the early stage of plant growth. Potassium fertilizer can promote sugar transport to fruits, enhance plant disease resistance, delay plant senescence, prolong fruiting period and improve fruit quality.

(3) Tomatoes are sensitive to fertilizers, and high yield can be obtained with high fertilizer and sufficient water. The types of fertilizers also have a great influence on the yield and quality of tomatoes. The order of advantages and disadvantages of various farm manure is: chicken and duck manure, sheep and rabbit manure, horse manure and cow manure. Human excrement should be used with other fertilizers. No matter what kind of farmyard manure, it needs to be fully fermented and decomposed, and it is forbidden to topdressing and fattening to prevent root burning and infection with pests and diseases.

Fourth, how to grow tomatoes

Planting methods and plastic film mulching are best carried out in windless sunny days, with high temperature, small evaporation of soil moisture and easy seedling delay.

1. Planting method: The methods of planting seedlings include flat planting, ditch planting and shovel planting. According to the order of irrigation, it can be divided into "dry planting" (that is, planting seedlings before irrigation) and "water-stabilized seedlings" (that is, watering seedlings before planting). Don't plant the seedlings too deep or too shallow. Too deep planting and low soil temperature are not conducive to root growth and slow seedling growth. Shallow planting, although high soil temperature is beneficial to root growth, but the root system is unstable, and seedlings are easily washed away by irrigation or blown down by strong wind. Generally, the planting depth should be equal to or slightly deeper than the clods and the surface. If improper seedbed management or untimely planting leads to long-term detention, when planting, the stem tip of seedlings can be planted to the south into a boat bottom shape, so that the stem tip exposed on the soil surface is slightly inclined to the south, so as to reduce the height of seedlings on the ground, prevent the sun and wind from blowing, and promote the growth of adventitious roots.

2. Plastic film: In recent years, plastic film has been widely used in tomato cultivation, which can increase soil temperature, reduce soil moisture evaporation, inhibit weed growth and keep soil loose. So as to speed up seedling delay after planting and promote root growth. The method of planting seedlings covered with plastic film is generally to lay the film first and then plant seedlings. The specific method is: firstly, spread plastic film on the completed high ridge, and cover the soil around it, then dig holes according to the plant spacing to plant seedlings, and cover the soil around the seedlings tightly.

3. Planting density

① Early-maturing cultivation in small box in open field: row spacing is 40-50 cm, plant spacing is 23-26 cm, and there are about 5000 plants per mu. Medium-ripe small frame cultivation, row spacing of 50 cm, plant spacing of 26-33 cm, planting about 4000 seedlings. Long-term planting has a long life in a large area, with a row spacing of 66 cm and a plant spacing of 33 cm, and about 3,000 seedlings are planted.

(2) Protected cultivation: early-maturing cultivation is carried out in a small frame with 2-3 ears, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 27 cm, with 5000 plants per mu. Leave 3-4 ears of fruit in a small box, medium-ripe cultivation, row spacing of 50 cm, plant spacing of 30 cm, 4400 plants per mu. Long-term cultivation of large-scale long-term cultivation (such as Dutch infinite growth varieties), row spacing of 80 cm, plant spacing of 40 cm, planting 2000 plants.

Five, tomato fertilizer and water management

1, formula fertilization

Keep 2-3 ears of fruit for small-frame cultivation, and topdressing each ear of table tennis once when it is big. Overhead cultivation, multi-spike, topdressing in one, three, five and five table tennis sizes. Combined with watering, decomposed manure 1000kg, decomposed cake fertilizer 50kg, plant ash 100kg, potassium sulfate 25kg or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 25kg were applied per mu. It is best to use the above fertilizers alternately. Spraying the leaves with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% urea solution and 3-5% calcium chloride solution for 5 days. The concentration of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer for protected cultivation is 800- 1200ml/m3.

2. Water management

(1) When planting, water the seedlings, loosen the soil frequently, water the seedlings once every 5-7 days, then plough them for 2-3 times continuously, and squat the seedlings appropriately according to the variety, seedling age, soil quality, soil moisture and seedling growth. For self-capped early-maturing varieties, old seedlings, old seedlings, dry soil and sandy soil, the squatting seedling stage should be short, and the squatting seedling stage should be ended when the first ear fruit is pea grain. On the contrary, it will be longer. When the first ear of table tennis is big, the squatting will be over.

② In the fruiting period, the soil should be kept moist and the soil water content should reach 80%. Water should be poured every 6-7 days in low temperature season and every 3-4 days in high temperature season. Irrigation should be even, and dry and wet alternation should be avoided. Protected cultivation should be watered in sunny morning, and ventilation should be increased after watering.

③ The relative humidity of air is controlled at 45-65%.

Six, tomato disease identification songs

There were long black spots in the early epidemic, and the lesions were black and round. Late blight attacks quickly, invading the leaf margin first. A cotton epidemic calls out eggs, but the diseased fruit is not weak. Botrytis cinerea has black hair and leaves rot first. The rotten fruit bubbles and the stem rots. Umbilical rot, dry land is the source of the disease. Leaves wither and vascular bundles turn brown. The virus should be prevented early, don't wait for long spots.

Seven, tomato pest control technology

1, tomato early blight: Tomato early blight, also known as spot disease, is round or nearly round and dark brown, which mainly harms tomato leaves, sometimes stems and fruits, and is prone to high temperature and high humidity. The pathogen is fungi. It is necessary to ventilate and dehumidify in time to reduce the occurrence of early blight. Spraying 75% chlorothalonil or 50% iprodione for 600 times can achieve the purpose of preventing early blight, and the fumigation shed can be fumigated with chlorothalonil aerosol.

2. Tomato late blight: Tomato late blight belongs to the class of fungus oomycetes, which is the most important control object of tomato. Generally, late blight first invades from the leaf edge, and then develops into dark brown spots, infecting stems and fruits, making the surrounding of stems turn dark brown, and the fruits will not soften, and will turn dark brown at first. Germs are spread by wind, rain and water, with low temperature, high humidity and poor wind power. Late blight can be controlled by 600 times frost spray, dimethomorph can be controlled when the disease is serious, and the aerosol can be smoked in the shed with frost killer.

3. Tomato cotton blight: Tomato cotton blight is a fungal egg disease, commonly known as "egg drop". At the beginning of the disease, the leaves are yellow spots, and then they are soaked in water to rot. Fruit diseases mostly occur on the shoulders. After the appearance of light brown spots, the spots gradually turned into stripes, and white mold grew under high humidity. Cotton wilt is serious when the temperature and humidity are high or the ground temperature and humidity are high. The control of cotton Fusarium wilt can be the same as that of late blight, and it can be controlled by spraying metalaxyl downy mildew and copper succinate (metalaxyl copper) or spraying Dalian and dimethomorph.

4. Botrytis cinerea: Botrytis cinerea belongs to fungi. Pathogens first infect flowers and styles, and then infect leaves and fruits. Leaf pathogens first start from the tip of the leaf and develop in a triangle with dark brown spots and long black hair. The fruit first decays from the stalk to produce black hair. Gray mold is the second largest disease after late blight. On rainy days, the temperature is low, and dew is often seriously ill, so it is necessary to ventilate and dehumidify in time. To prevent and control gray mold, 600 times of prochloraz or 600 times of beauty can be sprayed, and the smoke agent can be smoked in the shed.

5. Tomato leaf mold: Tomato leaf mold belongs to fungi, which mainly harms leaves. Irregular macula appears on the front of the diseased leaves, and chloasma villi grows on the back of the leaves. The control of leaf mold (10% polyoxin) is the best and safest, with no side effects and good control effect. 70% thiophanate-methyl or 50% carbendazim can be used to prevent and reduce leaf mold.