The consonants at the beginning of each syllable in Chinese can form consonants. There are 21 consonant symbols in the Hanyu Pinyin Program's "Table of Consonants". However, there are by no means only 21 consonants at the beginning of a Chinese syllable. In actual speech flow, semi-vowels, glottal stops, and certain nasal consonants may be the leading consonants of a Chinese syllable. Phonology categorizes these consonants as zero-vowel segments, and consonants such as an, ying, wen, yuan, and so on. "(yuan), etc. are zero-vowel' syllables. Since the zero consonant consonants are not very obvious to the ear, and since hanyu pinyin is phonemic pinyin rather than phonemic pinyin, the hanyu pinyin scheme does not recognize the status of their consonants, and considers zero consonant syllables to be syllables beginning with a vowel that do not have consonants, but only rhyming consonants and tones. The 21 consonant symbols stipulated in the Hanyu Pinyin program are listed below in the original order of the "Table of Consonants": The letters bpmfdtnl are pronounced ㄅㄆ ㄅㄆ 坡ㄇ 摸ㄈ 佛ㄉ 得ㄊ 特ㄋ Ne Neㄌ勒 The letters gkh jqx are pronounced ㄍ 哥ㄎ 科ㄏ 喝 !ㄐ基提供 欺 ㄒ希 The letters zhchshrzcs are pronounced ㄔㄔㄕ 詩ㄖ 日ㄗ 资ㄘ 雌ㄙ The program stipulates that zh/ch/sh can be omitted as ?5 The symbols for tongyong pinyin can be omitted as ?9/?0?6/?0?4 and ng can be omitted as ?0?7. However, these symbols are not commonly used. 1]z [ts]c [ts?0?1]s [s]n [n]l [l] consonants zh [t?0?5]ch [t?0?5?0?1]sh [?0?5]r [?0?8] consonants r [t?0?1]q [t?0.1?0.1]x [?0.1]rhizomatic consonants g [k]k [k?0.1]h [?x] Rhymes There are 37 rhyming consonants in the Pinyin system of Mandarin Chinese**. *There are 37 rhymes in Mandarin Chinese pinyin. They are: monotone i

丨 衣 u

ㄨ 乌ü

ㄩa

ㄚ 啊ia

丨ㄚ 呀ua

ㄨㄚ 蛙o

， 喔uo

ㄨ, 窝e

ㄜ鵝ê

ㄝ ㄝ ie

丨ㄝ 耶üe< /p>

ㄝ 耶üe< /p>

ㄝ ㄝ ㄝ ㄝ ㄝ ㄝ ㄝ ㄝ ㄝ ㄝ Υue< /p>

The first 37 rhymes in Mandarin Chinese pinyin are: i [k] k [k?0?1] h [x].

ㄝㄝㄝer

ㄞ ?ai

ㄞ歪ei

ㄞ ?(e)i

ㄨㄟう(e)i

ㄟao

ㄠ 熬iao

丨ㄠ 腰う

ㄡ Ouou

ㄡ Oiu

ㄡ 詽詽詽詽詽詽詽詽詽詽詽詽

ㄢ anian

丨ㄢ 煙uan

ㄨㄢ弯üan

ㄩㄢ 冤en

銝恩in

丨ㄢ 因u(e)n

ㄨㄢ 溫ün

ㄩㄢ 晕ang

ㄤ昂iang

丨丨〓uang

． p>

ㄨ ㄤ 汪eng

ㄥ ㄥ rhymes with ing

丨ㄥ 英ueng, or with ong

ㄨ ㄥ 翁同 iongong

ㄨ ㄥ 轰 rhymes with iong

ㄥ 庸注注："知,蚩,诗,日,資,雌,思 "When used as endings, it is written as r. When used on its own, it is written as ê. When there is no consonant in front of it, it is written as yi (衣), ya (呀), ye (耶), yao (腰), you (优), yan (烟), yin (因), yang (央), ying (英), yong (英), yong (陽) and ying (英), and so on. （ying, yong. The rhymes in the u column are written as wu (乌), wa (蛙), wo (窝), wai (歪), wei (威), wan (弯), wen (温), wang (汪), and weng (翁), when there is no vowel in front of them. When there is no consonant in front of a ü character, it is written as yu (迂), yue (約), yuan (冤), yun (晕). The rhymes in the ü column are written as ju (居), qu (區), and xu (虚) when they are spelled with the consonants j, q, and x, but are written as lü (吕), and nü (女), when they are spelled with the consonants l, and n. When iou, uei, and uen are preceded by a consonant, they are written as iu, ui, and un. For example, niu (cow), gui (return), and lun (discuss). When there is only one vowel or one vowel with a nasal consonant, the vowel is called the rimebelly, and the nasal consonant is called the end. 2 vowels make up a rimebelly, the one with the wider opening is the rimebelly, the vowel before the rimebelly is called the head or medial vowel, and the vowel after the rimebelly is called the end. 3 vowels, or 2 vowels with a nasal consonant, the vowel in the middle is the rimebelly, and the first vowel is the head, and the first vowel is the end, and the second vowel is the vowel in the center, and the second vowel is the head. The vowel or nasal consonant that follows the vowel is called the rhyme end. There were also four categories of rhyming vowels according to their rhyme heads, which are called the four calls, namely, open call (a, o, ê, e), i, u, and ü. The rhyme scheme of Hanyu Pinyin is organized according to this. According to the Hanyu Pinyin program, iou, uei, and uen are written as iu, ui, and un when preceded by a consonant, for example, niu (cow), gui (return), and lun (discuss). There are four tones in Mandarin Chinese, and the four tone symbols are: first tone, (yinping, or flat tone, "?0?4"); second tone, (yangping, or rising tone, "ˊ"); third tone, (sheng, or upper tone, "ˇ"); third tone, (shangsheng, or upper tone, "ˇ"); and third tone, (shangsheng, or upper tone, "ˇ"). "ˇ"); fourth tone, (de-voiced, or de-tuned, "ˋ"); Yangping symbols are written from the lower left (ti), and de-voiced symbols are written from the upper left. The light tones are not labeled as tones in Hanyu Pinyin. Instead, certain dictionaries indicate light tones by adding dots before the syllable. Each Chinese character consists of a syllable formed by the combination of a rhyme and a consonant. The tones should be marked on the top of the rhymes, but they can be omitted for convenience. The rules for labeling tones in Hanyu Pinyin are as follows: if there is a, it is labeled on a. If there is no a, but there is o or o, then it is labeled on a. If there is no a, but there is o or e, then it is labeled on these two letters. These two letters do not appear at the same time. If there is also no o or e, there must be i, u or ü. If i and u occur together, they are labeled on the second consonant. This is specifically for ui and iu (which should actually be pronounced uei and iou). If i and u do not occur at the same time, they are labeled on the one that does. Tones are always labeled as original tones, not variant tones. However, they can be labeled in a different tone as needed during phonics instruction.