One, raw material selection
Select fresh, mold-free, preferably fresh and dry wheat straw harvested in the year.
Second, wheat straw softening
Because the wheat straw skin has a layer of wax, this layer of wax can hinder the mycelium to eat the material, so the cultivation of wheat straw before the softening process. There are three ways to soften the straw: one is to cut the straw into small sections of about 3 cm long, and then laid on the clean ground, with a stone roller repeatedly crushed to the straw to become soft. The second is to cut the straw into 2 to 3 centimeters long sections, soaked in the proportion of 3% to 4% of the lime water solution. The surface of the water must not be over the straw, to form a lime water film, isolate the air, so that the bacteria suffocate and die. Soaking time is generally 4 days in the spring, 2 days in the summer, 2 to 3 days in the fall. Fish out after reaching the soaking time, rinse off the residual liquid with water and adjust the water content. Third, with a feed mill, installed on the diameter of about 2 cm screen for crushing, crushed that is into a strip sheet, thin, loose, soft.
Three, culture material mixing
Flat mushroom growth and development of suitable carbon, nitrogen ratio of 20:1, based on the design of the culture material formula: 88% straw, rice bran 8%, 3% grass ash, gypsum powder 1%, urea 0.3%, water content of 65% to 70%. Will be softened and processed straw according to the formula to add auxiliary materials and water, and then according to the height and width of about 1 meter, the length of the site depends on the construction of fermentation piles; top and around the slightly compacted pat flat, with a diameter of 3 cm sticks every 20 ~ 30 cm from the top of the vertical downward holes, and then covered with film and grass curtains moisturizing and heat preservation; when the temperature of the material rises to 55 ℃ or more, maintain 8 ~ 10 hours after the turn over the heap. So turn the heap 3 times, when the temperature above 55 ℃ accumulated more than 24 hours when the end of fermentation, at this time the pH value of 6 ~ 7, the culture material was light brown, accompanied by fungal flavor. Before spreading the pile to check the moisture content of the material again, if the material is dry to add water appropriately.
Four, choose strains
To choose the decomposition of fiber ability, fast bacteria, strong resistance strains, such as flat mushroom 1012, Luo Jia No. 1, or Qu Shi 9111, etc. These strains have the ability to decompose fiber, fast bacteria, strong resistance. These strains have the characteristics of wide temperature, fast-growing, high-yield, high-quality, anti-miscellaneous, and adapted to the cultivation of various places.
V. Cultivation bed production
The production of cultivation beds, selected near the water source of the flat land or rice paddies for the cultivation bed site. The site will be made into 1.2 meters wide, the length of the cultivation beds with the site. When digging, leave a 30 cm ridge in the middle of the bed, and dig a 16-17 cm wide, 20 cm deep ditch in the middle of the ridge. On each side of the ridge, dig a 45-cm-wide, 10-cm-deep bed. The excavated soil is piled up around the cultivation bed, about 10 centimeters high. After digging, first use 5% to 10% lime water or 0.2% carbendazim solution to water the whole bed inside and outside, and then spray 0.02% dichlorvos solution for thorough disinfection and insecticide.
Six, paving seeding
Paving every 60 cm to leave 4 to 5 cm for filling, about 12 kg of material per square meter, a one-time paving. Wheat grain strains, the amount of seed for about 10% of the dry material, the first 5 cm × 5 cm distance from the hole, and then in the surface of the material spread a layer, and finally flattened and compacted with a wooden board, covered with film, covered with straw or wheat straw fungi. After inoculation when the temperature is above 20 ℃, the 3rd day should check the germination situation. If the temperature of the material in the film exceeds 28 ℃, can be ventilated in the evening to cool down, do not frequently uncover the film ventilation, so as not to cause mold contamination. As long as you keep water flowing in the gutter in the beds, high temperatures are generally not expected. If you find the fungus contamination, available caustic soda 50 grams dissolved in 1 kg of water, injected with a syringe in the fungus contamination area and the periphery of a week, there is a certain effect of prevention and control. Lime powder can also be used to cover the contamination.
Seven, mushroom management
The temperature is about 25 ℃, 20 days after sowing mycelium can be full of material, 22 ~ 24 days on the bud. When the buds reach more than 60%, you can set up a film arch, and spread straw or wheat straw on the film to adjust the light. There is no need to replenish water for the first flush of mushrooms, but in case of exceptionally dry weather, water can be pumped into the ditch. After harvesting the first tide of mushrooms, let the material air-dry for 2 days and then pour large amount of water to submerge the surface of the material, drain the water after 1~2 hours, and then pour water into the ditch frequently after 2 days. After the material is submerged in water, the surface of the material should be covered with film to stimulate the buds, so that the buds can appear 3 to 4 days in advance, and the buds are more neat and dense. Now buds up to 60% or more can be removed from the material surface film, into the routine management.
Eight, pests and diseases
Phylloxera mushroom pests and diseases have occurred more frequently in recent years, often causing certain losses to mushroom farmers. However, straw cultivation of flat mushrooms is generally less serious, and there are mainly the following diseases and pests:
1 Mycelium prolongation. When the relative humidity of the air is too high, the surface layer of the mycelium will give birth to a large number of dough-like aerial mycelium, affecting the mushroom. The solution is to reduce humidity and strengthen ventilation.
2, rust spots. When too much water is sprayed, the air humidity is more than 95% and the ventilation is poor, the cap and stalk can produce brown spots. At this time, ventilation should be strengthened to reduce humidity.
3 wilt. The medium is too dry, the air humidity is too low, the mushroom buds or substrates stop growing, shriveling and drying, or even withering and rotting. The moisture should be reasonably supplemented, the relative humidity should be adjusted, and the ventilation should be correctly mastered.
4 Substrate deformity. Shaped like coral, thick roots, stalk extra long, small caps, is caused by lack of oxygen, poor ventilation, should strengthen the air exchange and ventilation.
5 Dry blister disease is also known as brown spot disease. The surface of the substrate has white fluffy mycelium, brown spots, and the cap shriveled and dried. It should be sprayed with 2% formaldehyde solution or 1:500 times carbendazim, and ventilation should be strengthened.
6 fungus fly. Shaped like a small black fly, laying eggs at the base of the mushroom stalk. The larvae are like maggots and can bite and eat the stalk, cap and mycelium. Can be sprayed 1: 800 times high efficiency and low toxicity pesticides to control, but also in the evening to light up the horse lamp, after the lamp put a white iron coated with tung oil. When the fungus fly pounces on the light, that is, it is glued to the tung oil and died.
7 red spider. It is a small yellow-red mite, which bites and eats the fungus cover and fungus folds, jeopardizes the mycelium and the fruiting body, and makes the surface of the fungus cover produce rusty-yellow concave spots. It can be killed by spraying 1:1000 times of Rogaine or stone sulfur compound (500mL plus 10mL of the original liquid).
8 Jumping insects. Like to bite the substrate, can be sprayed 0.1% of the fish vine essence control.
Nine, timely harvesting
From the formation of mushroom buds to the maturity of the fruiting body is generally 5 to 7 days. The best time to harvest the flat mushroom is when the fruiting body is eight or nine mature, that is, the edge of the cap is slightly spreading flat, and there is no white fluff at the junction of the cap and the stipe. Spray heavy water once before harvesting to keep the cap from curling up for a long time after harvesting. When harvesting, gently insert your fingers into the roots of the substrate, slightly force a shake can be, and then use a knife to scrape the roots of the soil or material. After harvesting, clean up the surface of the mulch, dispose of the residual roots, crumbs, etc. After drying for 2 days, replenish water in time and enter the management of the second tide of mushrooms. When replenishing water in the second and third tides of mushrooms, the following nutrient solution can be added: 0.3% magnesium sulfate, 0.1% white sugar, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% mushroom fungus, which can make the next tide of mushrooms grow quickly and robustly. Generally, the mushroom can be harvested in 4 to 5 tides, and the biological efficiency can reach more than 200%.
Edited by Wu Yanqun
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