In ancient times, Arabs first dried and boiled coffee beans and drank the juice as a stomach medicine, believing that it would help digestion. Later, it was found that coffee also had a refreshing effect. At the same time, because Muslims were forbidden to drink alcohol, coffee was used instead of alcoholic drinks and was often drunk as a refreshing drink. After the 15th century, Muslims who made pilgrimages to Mecca brought coffee back to their places of residence, which gradually spread to Egypt, Syria, Iran and Turkey. The entry of coffee into Europe was attributed to the Ottoman Empire in Turkey at that time. Because the Ottoman army, which was addicted to coffee, went west to Europe and stayed there for several years, when the army finally withdrew, it left a large number of supplies, including coffee beans. People in Vienna and Paris were able to develop European coffee culture with these coffee beans and the cooking experience gained from the Turks. The war was originally an invasion and destruction, but it unexpectedly brought cultural exchanges and even integration, which was unexpected by the rulers.
Westerners are familiar with coffee for 300 years. However, in the East, coffee has been popularized as a drink at all levels of society in a longer time ago. The earliest and most accurate time for coffee to appear is the 8th century BC, but as early as Homer's works (Greek poet, the year of birth and death is disputed, and a more authoritative statement is that he was born in 744 BC) and many ancient Arab legends, a magical, black, bitter and powerful beverage has been described. Around 10 century, Avicenna (Avicenna, 980- 1037, one of the most outstanding masters in the ancient Islamic world, a philosopher, doctor, theorist, etc.) used coffee as a medicine to treat diseases. There is also a strange story from the15th century. It is said that a Yemeni shepherd saw a group of goats plucking reddish berries from a bush. Soon these goats became restless and excited. The shepherd reported this to a monk, who cooked some berries and refined a flavor.
Although coffee was discovered in the Middle East, the coffee tree originated in Kaffa, an area in Africa that is now Ethiopia. From here, coffee spread to Yemen, Arabia and Egypt. It was in Egypt that coffee developed extremely rapidly and quickly became popular in people's daily lives.
By the16th century, early merchants had sold coffee in Europe, and coffee was introduced into western customs and life as a new beverage. Most of the coffee exported to the European market comes from Alexandria and Smyrna. However, with the increasing market demand, the high tariffs imposed by import and export ports and the enhancement of people's knowledge in the field of coffee tree cultivation, dealers and scientists began to try to transplant coffee to other countries. The Dutch transplanted coffee trees in their overseas colonies (Batavia and Java, "Batavia is now the old name of Jakarta, Indonesia"), the French 1723 in Martinique (located in Latin America), and then in the Antilles (located in the West Indies); Later, British, Spanish and Portuguese began to occupy tropical coffee growing areas in Asia and America.
1727 coffee cultivation began in northern Brazil. However, the bad weather conditions gradually moved this crop cultivation to other regions, first in Rio de Janeiro, and finally in S? o Paulo and Minas (about 1800- 1850), where coffee found its most ideal growth environment. Coffee cultivation grew here until it became the most important economic source in Brazil.
It was during the period from 1740 to 1850 that coffee cultivation reached its most popularity in Central and South America.
Although coffee was born in Africa, its cultivation and household consumption were relatively introduced in modern times. In fact, it was Europeans who brought coffee back to their original place and introduced it to their colonies, where coffee flourished because of favorable land and climate conditions.