Crayfish meat is delicious and nutritious, with more edible parts (up to 40%), and shrimp tail meat accounts for15% ~18% of body weight. Crayfish has the function of preventing cholesterol from accumulating in human body. It is a kind of health food with high protein and low fat. Its protein content accounts for 17.62% of the total weight, total amino acids account for 77.2% of protein, and the fat content is less than 0.2%. Moreover, the fat contained is mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acids, which is suitable for human absorption.
Second, the market demand
In recent years, the market of grass carp is too low, and farmers are hovering on the edge of capital preservation, while the market of crayfish has been high and the benefits are good. The key is that the breeding cycle is short, the funds are withdrawn quickly, and the investment is relatively small. Many people will abandon grass carp and raise crayfish instead.
In recent years, the demand for crayfish in the domestic market is very strong. The consumption of crayfish has swept the country and is loved by more and more consumers. The sales volume in this market is also rising. According to the data, in Wuhan, Nanjing, Shanghai, Hefei and other large and medium-sized cities, the consumption of lobsters is more than 10,000 tons a year, and the sales of crayfish in Nanjing is about 20 tons a night.
Third, the export
Crayfish has a broad market prospect. Many foreign countries have the habit of eating crayfish. Europe and the United States are the main consumers of crayfish. In the United States, crayfish is not only an important edible shrimp, but also an important bait for fishing. The annual consumption is 60,000 ~ 80,000 tons, but the self-sufficiency is insufficient 1/3. Every year, a three-week crayfish festival is held in Sweden, and the annual import of crayfish reaches 50,000 ~/kloc-0,000 tons.
1988 China's Hubei Province exported crayfish to Sweden for the first time. This is the first time that China has exported crayfish abroad, and the annual export of crayfish has earned more than 50 million US dollars. Jiangsu Province is a key area for crayfish processing and export, with more than 60 processing enterprises in the province, and the annual export volume of processed crayfish is about 6,000 tons. Zhejiang Province mainly exports frozen shrimps, and there are crayfish processing plants in Ningbo, Wenling and other places, and its products are mainly exported to Europe.
Fourth, processing
After removing the carapace of crayfish, its body is an important source of bait for many fish and economic aquatic animals. In addition, the head and shell of crayfish contain 20% chitin. Astaxanthin, astaxanthin, chitin, chitin and its derivatives extracted from crayfish shells are widely used in food, industry, medicine, beverage, paper-making, printing and dyeing, daily chemical industry, agriculture and environmental protection, etc. The processing of crayfish shells has low investment and high benefits. More than ten years ago, due to the slow development of whole shrimp consumption, the use value of crayfish was mainly reflected in the export to earn foreign exchange, especially the shrimp, which was exported to the European Union, Japan, the United States, Southeast Asia, Australia and other markets after freezing or quick freezing, and was very popular. In recent years, the export of shrimp yellow, tail meat and whole shrimp has been developed. In the United States, the price of crayfish can reach $3.5 ~ $5 per kilogram, and the price of crayfish tail meat can reach $20 per kilogram.
Through deep processing, crayfish can be supplied 365 days a year, but the price is much lower than that in the current season. Therefore, science and technology will always be the primary productive force. Only by taking science and technology as the core can we change the business model and increase the crayfish industry from 1 100 billion to hundreds of billions.
V. Breeding prospect
Numerous diners, strong demand, there is no need to worry about the market, and the overall development space and potential of crayfish breeding industry are very optimistic. In the past, the consumption of crayfish was limited to the surrounding areas of high-consumption big cities and shrimp-producing areas, and various costs made the crayfish market expensive, which also restricted the great development of crayfish. In July and August, a large number of crayfish went on the market, far exceeding the national demand, and the price of a large number of lobsters was very low. Therefore, a new way is found to carry out deep processing of crayfish, and those deep processing enterprises in shrimp-producing areas have become the production reservoirs of crayfish during the peak period. Due to the existence of deep processing enterprises in the shrimp area, fresh crayfish are locked up and sold all over the country in other seasons, which also regulates the farming income and enthusiasm of local farmers. In addition, with the opening of the international crayfish market, the number of domestic crayfish processing enterprises has increased, which has provided product sales guarantee for large-scale crayfish farming.
However, while being optimistic, we can't ignore all kinds of potential risks in the industry, and only by avoiding these risks can we ensure the success of aquaculture. After all, making money is our ultimate goal. Therefore, I would like to sum up the following points and discuss them with you.
I. General situation in 20 16 years
The price of crayfish in 20 16 was very gratifying, which led many people to join the army of crayfish breeding in 20 16. Because it is generally believed that crayfish can survive in a bad environment with a high survival rate, it is easy to raise, and people all over the country love to eat crayfish, so many people begin to blindly follow the trend and dig ponds to raise shrimps. However, according to some rough estimates, the proportion of making money by raising crayfish in 20 16 years is not very high. There are many WeChat groups and QQ groups now. If you pay a little attention to these groups, you can find that some people in the group are farmers who are engaged in farming, some are salespeople of various enterprises such as feed and fishery medicine, and some failed in farming last year, and a large proportion of them are people with a wait-and-see attitude. This is exactly what should be said: farming is risky and investment needs to be cautious.
Second, about selling shrimp seedlings and growing shrimp
At present, there are about four situations. First, shrimp seedlings really cultivated are not suitable for long-distance transportation. If the shrimp seedlings are seriously short of water for more than 3 hours, the mortality rate will be nearly half. (Maybe some people think that the transportation conditions and shrimp fry throwing technology are more mature than before, which can reduce the mortality rate of shrimp fry transportation. However, if transported with ice for a long time, the survival rate of shrimp seedlings will still be significantly reduced after they arrive at Tangkou. Second, we should pay attention to some profiteers who harm customers. For example, some sick shrimps and dying shrimps are mixed into good shrimps. When they first entered the pond, the shrimps were alive and kicking, but the mortality rate of shrimps increased greatly in a few days. Third, pay attention to the trap of booking shrimp seedlings in advance. Some farmers who sell seedlings, he said that they can book shrimp seedlings in advance. In fact, he bought wild seedlings at a low local price, and then sold them to you who ordered shrimp seedlings in advance at a high price, earning an intermediate spread. The last one is direct deception. After gaining your trust in various ways, you will never see him again after you make the payment in advance.
Iii. About aquaculture management
At present, the culture technology of crayfish is relatively mature, and the technical requirements are relatively low. In daily life, it is necessary to do a good job including the basic construction of tangkou (escape prevention, distribution of deep and shallow water), water intake and drainage, pond cleaning, disinfection, grass planting, water quality management, underwater transformation, water weed management, disease prevention, etc., as well as master the water weed maintenance technology, molting period management measures, pay attention to nutrition balance, and adjust the water system. It's a three-point poison, whether it's for people or prawns, we should pay attention to the food safety law as the basis for disinfection and modification.
Fourth, about sales channels
At present, most of the markets are controlled by second-hand and third-hand dealers. They are rich in resources (but also bear the risk of arrears and shrimp mortality). Most of the finished shrimps of farmers are sold to traffickers, and the prices are often pushed to the extreme. At the same time, there are some large-scale farming cooperatives that control the market price of local crayfish. It can be said that retail farmers are seeking to make money in the cracks. If the crayfish products are poor in quality and specifications, it may directly lead to losses.
In a word, everyone engaged in aquaculture, Technology, market, quotation and sales channels? These key core points must be grasped and understood clearly, so as to ensure the success rate of aquaculture.
Here's a detailed account of crayfish farming (from the Internet):
100 mu pond culture freshwater crayfish, 100 mu pond area culture needs 4 people, including person in charge 1 person, technicians 1 person and 2 operators.
I. Expenditure
1, land lease fee (pond lease fee 500 ~ 550 yuan/mu) 500 yuan? 100 = 50,000 yuan
2. The pond renovation fee is 30,000 yuan.
3. Cost of preventing escape from the net 15000 yuan
4. Shrimp breeding expenses (parent shrimp 25 kg/mu, 30 yuan/kg) 750 yuan per mu of shrimp, * * * 75,000 yuan.
5. The feed fee is 40,000 yuan.
6, utilities 15000 yuan
7, drugs, tools and testing fees 15000 yuan.
8. Personnel cost is 84,360 yuan (2 operators, 1900 yuan/person? Month; Technician 1 person, 2300 yuan/person? Month; Person in charge 1 person, 3,000 yuan/person? Month)
9, transportation costs 5000 yuan.
10, office expenses 10000 yuan
1 1, other expenses 10000 yuan.
Total: 349,360 yuan
Second, the harvest
The yield per mu is 250kg, the unit price is 36 yuan/kg, and the total harvest per mu is 900,000 yuan 100.
Third, profits
900,000-349,360,000 yuan = 550,640,000 yuan. After the second year, there is no need to spend the pond renovation fee, the net escape prevention fee and the shrimp breeding fee. If fish and shrimp are mixed in the pond, the investment per mu will increase by 1000 yuan, but the output value per mu will increase by 2,000 yuan, and the profit will also increase by 1000 yuan accordingly, and the total profit can be 650,640 yuan.