The Dragon Boat Festival was held in the fifth month of the lunar calendar, which is the season when epidemics are prevalent in midsummer, commonly known as the "evil month". Therefore, the Xia Xiaozheng said: "(May) storage of orchids, beans and rice" (storage: accumulation, gathering.). Beans and peas: to gather. Mee: to store up mincemeat). The Da Dai Ritual says, "To store orchids is to bathe in them." The purpose of bathing was to cleanse the body to avoid poison, which was a positive preventive measure against the evil month of May. All actions during this period were also based on the principle of rest and quietness. The Book of Rites. The Monthly Orders: "In the middle of summer, when yin and yang are in conflict, and death and life are divided, the gentleman fasts; he stops his voice and color, and abstains from lust." At the same time, there are many taboos in May. According to Ying Shao's (178 A.D.) "Customs? According to Ying Shao (178 A.D.), "Customs and Customs", the Han Dynasty had the proverb "May to the official, to the free not to move", "May cover the house, people bald". May 5 is a particularly bad day, in addition to the taboo "exposure to the bed recommended seat", and even "do not lift the May child" proverbs. The Records of the Grand Historian Meng Changjun biography" recorded that Meng Changjun was born on the fifth day of the fifth month, his father Tian Ying intended to throw him away. Because Tian Ying believed: "The son of May will grow up to be the same size as the household, and will be unfavorable to his parents". The taboo of this evil day was y rooted in the hearts of the people. It is appropriate that even now, the component of avoiding poison and epidemic can still be identified in many of the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival.
The second theory of the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival was put forward by Mr. Wen Yiduo. Mr. Wen Yiduo pointed out in his article "Duanwu Kao" that two of the most important activities of the Dragon Boat Festival, the ferry race and the eating of zongzi, are related to dragons. He first quoted a passage from Wu Jun's (467-520 A.D.) "Continuation of Qi Harmonic Records":
Qu Yuan threw himself into Miluo and died on May Day, and the people of Chu mourned him. Every time on this day, they would store rice in bamboo tubes and throw them into the water to offer sacrifices. Han Jianwu, Changsha Ou Hui, day suddenly saw a man, claiming to be Sanlu Dafu, said: "Jun when you see the sacrifice, very good. But often left, bitter dragon stolen. Today, if you have a favor, you can neem leaves stuffed with colorful silk tied. These two things, the scaly dragon is also afraid." Back to his words. The people of the world make dumplings, and bring colorful silk and neem leaves, all of which are the legacy of Burao.
At the same time, Wen Yiduo cited several examples in the literature to support his doctrine. All these records also show that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is closely related to the dragon. Accordingly, Wen Yiduo hypothesized that the Dragon Boat Festival may have started as a festival of the Wu-Yue ethnic group in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Since ancient times, Wu-Yue was a country of hair-breaking and tattooing. As for the purpose of breaking hair and tattooing, it was to "resemble the dragon's son" in order to avoid harm. The Book of Han? Geography of the next" Ying Shao note: "(Yue people) often in the water, so break their hair, text their body, in order to like the Dragon, so do not see the harm also." Wen Yiduo concluded that the Dragon Boat Festival should be a day of totem sacrifice for a people who use the dragon as their totem. In other words, a dragon festival.
These statements certainly explain some specific phenomena, but if any one of them is regarded as the single origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, it would be a pity to generalize. Instead, it is better to say that the evil day and the dragon totem are both possible sources of the Dragon Boat Festival. In the course of history, they merged with each other, and it was only when the legend of Qu Yuan added new impetus to them that the Dragon Boat Festival thrived and became a major festival.
▲The legend of the Dragon Boat Festival
According to the Records of the Grand Historian (史记), Qu Yuan was a minister of King Huai of Chu (楚怀王), who was "knowledgeable and strong-minded, clear on the rule of law, and skillful in rhetoric. When he entered Chu, he discussed the state affairs with the king and gave orders; when he left Chu, he met guests and responded to the queens, and the king was very pleased with him. Because he was highly valued by King Huai of Chu, he aroused the jealousy of the senior officials and Zilan, who slandered Qu Yuan before King Huai of Chu and his successor, King Hixiang. As a result, the King of Chu gradually alienated Qu Yuan and did not accept his advice, and finally even banished him. Qu Yuan was filled with grief and anger, and after writing his last work "Huai Sha", he threw himself into the Miluo River.
Decades after Qu Yuan's death, the state of Chu was finally destroyed by Qin due to the misuse of the state by slanderous officials. But Qu Yuan, the tragic hero of loyalty and doubt, still lives in the hearts of the people of Chu. The following story can be used to illustrate how the people of Chu loved Qu Yuan.
It is said that after Qu Yuan threw himself into the river, the people of Chu mourned and flocked to the Miluo River to pay homage to Qu Yuan. The fishermen got up their boats and went back and forth on the river to salvage his body. A fisherman also took out the pre-prepared dumplings, eggs and other food, fluttering to the river inside, said the fish and shrimp ate, will not go to bite the body of Dr. Qu. An old physician took a altar of yellow wine poured into the river, said to drug stunned the dragon, so that it can not hurt the Qu doctor.
Not long after, the surface of the water floated up a dizzy dragon, the dragon beard is still stained with a piece of Dr. Qu's lapel. People then pulled the dragon ashore and pulled its tendons around its neck, then wrapped the tendons around the children's hands and necks, and smeared the seven orifices with xionghuang wine, so that all those poisonous snakes and pests did not dare to come to harm the little children.
The day Qu Yuan threw himself into the river was said to be the fifth day of the fifth month. Since then, every year on May 5, people would row dragon boats, eat zongzi, and drink xionghuang wine to commemorate Qu Yuan.
Some areas, in the Duanshi Festival inserted calamus or mugwort on the door, this is certainly because the bushes have the function of poison avoidance. However, there is a folk theory about the origin of this custom.
During the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao led a rebellion that killed millions of people and caused rivers of blood to flow wherever it went. Whenever the people heard that Huang Chao was coming, they fled in a hurry.
In May of this year, Huang Chao's army attacked Henan Province, and the army was under the city of Dengzhou. Huang Chao rode his horse to the outside of the city to survey the terrain, and saw waves of old and weak women and children pouring out of the city, and he saw a woman with a bundle on her back, pulling a young boy with one hand, and holding an older boy in the other hand. Huang Chao felt very strange, so he dismounted and asked, "Sister-in-law, where are you rushing to?" The woman replied, "I heard that Huang Chao is a murderous villain and will attack Dengzhou in a few days. All the men in the city have been conscripted to defend the city, so we, old and young, might as well run for our lives earlier."
Huang Chao also pointed to the child and asked her, "Why do you hold the little one in your hand but embrace the big one in your arms?" The woman then said, "The one I hold in my arms is the only living member of my eldest uncle's family. The one I hold in my hand is my own son. In case of a critical situation, I would rather lose my own son than leave a root for the eldest uncle's family."
When Huang Chao heard this, he was y moved, so he said to the woman, "Sister-in-law, well go back quickly and stick calamus and mugwort in the doorway so that Huang Chao's army will not harm you."
The woman heard this and believed it, but she went back to the city and spread the news. The next day was Duanyang in May, Huang Chao's army attacked the city, only to see calamus and mugwort hanging on every door. In order to keep his promise to the woman, Huang Chao had no choice but to lead his troops away, and the whole city was spared.
To commemorate this event, every Dragon Boat Festival, everyone would put calamus and mugwort on their doors, a custom that has been passed down to this day.
▲Customs of the Dragon Boat Festival
Before the legend of Qu Yuan was widely spread, the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival were still based on the taboos against evil days, with health care and the avoidance of epidemics as the main principles. Cui Shi (died in 170)'s "Four People's Monthly Orders" recorded: "On the fifth day of this month (May), we can make vinegar; combine the pills for stopping Li Huanglian and Cholera; pick up insecure ears and take toads to combine with the medicine for traumatization and the mayflies that traveled in the east." In addition to witch mayflies for difficult labor, the rest are pills for dysentery, heatstroke and other common summer ailments.
Ying Shao's "Customs" recorded: "May 5, the day of the colorful silk tied arm, the name of the long-life wisp, a renewed life wisp, a life to avoid the soldiers, a five-color wisp, a Zhu Suo, to avoid the soldiers and ghosts, the life of the plague does not get sick." Just from the "long life", "life" and other names, you can know, at that time, people were how afraid of the threat to life caused by the evil day. Not only did they make pills to cure diseases, but they also relied on the colorful silk to protect themselves from the supernatural, invisible ghosts and military disasters in their psychological defense.
Despite these scruples, the vitality of the Dragon Boat Festival did not diminish, and active prayers for the avoidance of evil were still practiced everywhere. Zhou Chu's (240-299) "Records of Customs and Lands" recorded that the emerging customs of the Dragon Boat Festival in the Jin Dynasty included "picking mugwort and hanging it over the house, stepping on a hundred grasses, and racing across the river". The purpose of hanging the wormwood was to avoid poison, and treading on a hundred grasses was a game later known as "fighting a hundred grasses". The custom of racing across the river, which is a characteristic feature of the Dragon Boat Festival, also appeared at this time. According to the "Yearly Record of the Years and Seasons of Jing and Chu" (荊楚歲時記) by Mr. Zong Security Service (about 498-565), "According to the 5th day of the 5th month of the Dragon Boat Race, the custom was that Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo Miluo Miluo Day, which hurt his death, and he ordered the oars and boats to save him." The Historical Records did not really record the date of Qu Yuan's casting into the river, and this said that Hazel was influenced by the legend. As a matter of fact, the race and the prayers for sacrifice. Ostensibly a race to save Qu Yuan, the basic spirit is still not free from the evil day to drive away evil Chong intention.
North and South Dynasties, the Dragon Boat Festival is also known as the "Bathing Orchid Festival", the Jing Chu area has the custom of picking Ai. Picking Ai in the chicken before the departure, select the most humanoid Ai grass to take back to hang on the door, or used for acupuncture. It is said that this kind of mugwort has a healing effect when it is used for acupuncture. In general, people tie the wormwood into the shape of a tiger, or cut the color as a small tiger, and then paste the wormwood leaves on it to wear during the Dragon Boat Festival. In addition to the picking Ai, also pick calamus to make wine.
The Tang Dynasty, the Dragon Boat Festival has become an important festival, the court also has a variety of celebrations. The Tang emperors rewarded their ministers on the Dragon Boat Festival. Wang Pu's (922-982) Tang Hui Yao, Volume 35 records that in the 18th year of the Zhenguan reign, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty gave Changsun Wuji and Yang Shidao a "Flying White Fan" inscribed in the imperial brush. He said: "the old custom of the fifth day, must be used to dress to play congratulations. Now I give you fly white fan two, common people move the breeze to increase the virtue." Not only favorites have reward, general civil and military officials also have a reward. Ma Onyx (about the middle of the 10th century) "Chinese ancient and modern note" records that in the Zhen Guan, the Dragon Boat Festival gave black tortoiseshell belt to civil officials and black silver belt to military officials. The Tang Shu? Rituals and Music" also records that during the Tianbao period, clothes and fans were offered to the ancestral tomb on the Dragon Boat Festival.
Wang Renyu's (880-956) Kaiyuan Tianbaozhi (Remains of Kaiyuan Tianbao) volume records that Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Xuanzong said, "Every Dragon Boat Festival, the palace made powdered rice balls and corn, which were stored in a gold plate. With a small angle to build a bow, delicate and lovely, set up an arrow to shoot the powder in the disk, the person in the food. Cover the powder is slippery and difficult to shoot. All in the prevalence of this play." However, this is only extravagant people can afford to play the game, the general family in the Dragon Boat Festival can only affordable fan to the scene. Li Nao's (circa 880 and later) Records of the Years and Seasons of Qinzhong recorded: "Two days before the Dragon Boat Festival, the East Market was called the Fan Market, and the carriages and horses were especially abundant." Fung Zhi (lived around 904)'s Miscellaneous Records of Yunxian, Volume 1, citing the Records of the Golden Gate Festival, also says: "People in Luoyang ...... at the Dragon Boat Festival inserted sideburns with a filigree pavilion and gave a fan to avoid the plague." (Most of the early fans were made of cattail leaves, and since calamus has the effect of avoiding poison, the so-called plague-avoiding fan may have been derived from it.)
The emerging custom of the Dragon Boat Festival in the Tang Dynasty also included the so-called "Five Seasons". Duan Chengshi (about 803-863) of the Youyang Miscellany Chopping Block, Volume 1, recorded: "the Northern Dynasties, women, five days into the five hours of the map, the five hours of the flowers, the tent." The so-called "Five Seasons Map" is a paper drawing of snakes, scorpions, toads, lizards, and centipedes, also known as the "Five Poisonous Charms". It is said that only when these five poisonous creatures exist at the same time will they not dare to fight with each other and be able to live in peace. Therefore, hanging the five time chart can prevent these poisonous insects.
The Dragon Boat Festival objects of the Song Dynasty were more elaborate than those of previous generations. Meng Yuanlao's "Tokyo Dreaming Records" (1147), Volume VIII records: Dragon Boat Festival objects, Bai Suo, moxa flowers, silver-like drums, flowers and cleverly painted fans, incense candy, dumplings, small, white balls. Perilla, calamus, papaya, and all velvet cut, with incense and medicine, with plum red box wrapped. Since May 1 and one before the Dragon Boat Festival, the day of selling peaches, willow, sunflower, cattail leaves, Buddha Road Ai. The next day, the family spread at the door, and five-color water ball, tea and wine offerings. The next day, all the houses spread out the flowers at the door with five-colored water balls and tea and wine offerings.
Chen Shiliang's (ca. 1225-1264) "Years and Seasons" (年時广記), Volume 2.1, cited in "Years and Seasons" (年時杂记) mentions that "the fifth day of the month is made in red and white colors like a capsule with colorful threads running through it, and twitching it like the shape of a flower. They were either carried or nailed to doors to avoid red mouths and white tongues, and were also called "twitching money." And another "mussel powder bell": "the fifth day of the end of the mussel powder in the silk, decorated with sheep, such as a number of beads. So that the children to bring to absorb sweat." These portable bag, the contents of several changes, from the sweat of the clam powder, to drive away evil spirits, copper, andrographis powder, the development of the spice-filled scent bag, the production is becoming more and more sophisticated, become the Dragon Boat Festival unique folk art.
The ingenuity of the Song people was not limited to this. They would also add a little twist to the calamus and mugwort, which are also used to avoid poison, to make their appearance more artistic. Wu Zimu's Mengliang Lu (preface in 1274), Volume 3, records that at the Dragon Boat Festival in Hangzhou during the Southern Song Dynasty: "Ai and a hundred grasses were tied together to form a celestial master, and they were hung on the foreheads of the doors, or hung with a tiger's head and white zephyrs." There are also people to clay Tianshi statue, the head of wormwood, garlic as a fist, hanging in the door to ward off evil spirits. "Tianshi" and "tiger" are the two most frequent images of the Dragon Boat Festival, because their appearance is powerful enough to deter evil spirits and foreigners. At the same time, we can also see the influence of Taoism on the Dragon Boat Festival customs.
Since the Ming Dynasty, the five poison talisman, originally intended to drive away poison, gradually added decorative elements, becoming a woman's hairpin embellishment. Shen Bang's "Wandi Miscellany" (1593), Volume XVII records: "women painted centipedes, snakes, scorpions, tigers, toads for the five poisons charm, hairpin". This kind of hairpin jewelry, in the Qing Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River is called "Jian Ren" or "Dou Niang".
Ming Dynasty in Beijing, to the Dragon Boat Festival for the "daughter of the Festival". Wan Department of Miscellany, Volume XVII records: "Wan custom from the first to the fifth day of May, decorated with a small girl, as beautiful as possible. Married women also return to the Ning, called for the Daughter's Day" This custom seems to be seen only in Beijing.
* near the river, the place, the Dragon Boat Race held in the Dragon Boat Festival. Zhang Dai's "Taoan Mengyi" (1646), Volume V, "Jinshan Race": Guazhou dragon boat one twenty, carving the tail of the dragon's head, to take its anger; sitting on the side of the twenty people holding oars, to take its tough; in the use of colorful ponchos, before and after the flag embroidered umbrellas, to take the gorgeous; banging gongs and Laos drums, to take the section; after the helm of the row of military equipment, to take the blade; on the head of the dragon on the foot of a man upside down, weighing it, to take the danger; the dragon tail on the foot of a man upside-down, weighing its The dragon's tail was hung with a small child to take its danger. From the first to fifteenth day of May, the sun painted the ground and out, five days out of Jinshan, Zhenjiang also out. Turbulence jumping foam, group of dragons fighting, occasionally fall into the eddy, then a hundred Jiejie, Coiling Committee out of the. Jinshan clusters of people, looking across the river, ants and bees, stupid. In the evening, all the birds opened up, and the two sides of the river were boiling with milk.
Yang Zichang's (1588-1641) "Wuling Ferry Race" recorded in detail the custom of the race in the Yuan-Xiang area during the Ming Dynasty. It is said that the purpose of the race is to avoid calamities, so all kinds of sacrifices should be held before paddling the dragon boat, and sorcerers should be hired to perform magic to pray for victory. After paddling the dragon boat, the residents will scoop up the water in the dragon boat and add a hundred herbs to bathe, which is also intended to ward off evil.
The dragon boats in West Lake are divided into two kinds. One is divided into the upper and lower levels, the upper level of children dressed up in a variety of historical, fairy characters, the lower level contains drummers, gongs and drums, sitting on both sides of the rowing sailor, this dragon boat is more colorful performances. Race with the dragon boat is around the big dragon boat around the circle, to be thrown down on the big dragon boat objects, small dragon boat sailors will go into the water to fight for. One of the money, ducks two things the most difficult to grab, because the coins into the water that Shen, ducks will scurry around to avoid. Although there have been generations in the Dragon Boat Festival to catch toads in the custom of pharmaceuticals, it seems to be a good idea to the Ming Dynasty, before the court of the Imperial Doctor to join the lineup of this prescription. Liu Dong and Yu Yizheng's Imperial Capital Scenery (1635), Volume 2: "(On the fifth day) take toadstools." The method of taking the toad-crisp was to prick the toad between the two eyebrows with a needle, causing the toad to secrete white milky venom, which was then scraped off with a bamboo slice and preserved. The toadstool is said to cure furuncles and malignant swellings.
Another folk remedy to ward off insects is to drink calamus and andrographis. In addition to drinking, also put the andrographis wine on top of the tent. Gu Lu's "Qing Xi Lu" (1830), Volume 5: "research andrographis end, crushed bushel root, and wine to drink, called 'andrographis wine'. The remaining wine was also used to dye the children's foreheads and the hearts of their hands and feet, and then sprinkled between the walls to get rid of poisonous insects." When some children were afraid to drink wine, their parents would draw the character "Wang" on their foreheads with Xionghuang wine, so as to protect them from all kinds of poisons.
▲Duanwu Festival food customs
The earliest appearance of the Dragon Boat Festival food, should belong to the Western Han Dynasty's "lord soup". The first food to appear at the Dragon Boat Festival was the "lord's soup" of the Western Han Dynasty. Wudi Benji" cited in the note as Chun said: "Han made the East County to send the Lords, the fifth of May for the Lords soup to give the hundred officials. To evil birds, so eat." Because it was not easy to catch the lords, the custom of eating lords' soup did not last. File is the protagonist of the Dragon Boat Festival - dumplings, in a little later in the Eastern Han Dynasty has appeared. A suitable to the Jin Dynasty, the zongzi only became the Dragon Boat Festival food. The "Terroir Records": "May 5, with the summer solstice, ...... first of these two sections of the day, and the sticky rice wrapped in Zizou leaves, mixed with corn, to Chun thick ash juice to cook to cook." At the same time there is another Dragon Boat Festival food, known as "葅 turtle" also only in the Jin Dynasty, then disappeared. Only in the "book of customs" called "corn" dumplings, because attached to the legend of Qu Yuan, for thousands of years, become the most popular Dragon Boat Festival food.
From the way it is written in the book, it seems that the dumplings at that time were made with millet as the main ingredient, and no other fillings were added except corn. But thanks to the skillful hands of the diet-conscious Chinese, the dumplings I see today come in all shapes and sizes.
First, in terms of shape, zongzi can be triangular, quadrangular conical, pillow-shaped, small pagoda-shaped, round stick-shaped and so on. The material of the leaves varies from place to place. Because of the abundance of bamboo in the south, bamboo leaves are used to bind zongzi. People generally like to use fresh bamboo leaves, because dry bamboo leaves tied out of the dumplings, cooked without the fragrance of bamboo leaves. Northern people are accustomed to using reed leaves to tie zongzi. Reed leaves are long and narrow, so use two or three overlapping pieces. The size of the dumplings also varies greatly, there are up to two or three pounds of giant pocket dumplings, there are also small and delicate, less than two inches long sweet dumplings.
As far as taste is concerned, the dumplings are filled with both meat and vegetables, both sweet and salty. The northern dumplings are mainly sweet, and the southern dumplings are less sweet and more salty. The content of the material, on the other hand, is the part that best highlights local characteristics.
Beijing's dumplings can be divided into three kinds: one is purely made of glutinous rice white dumplings, steamed and dipped in sugar to eat. Another is the small date zongzi, filled with small dates and preserved fruits. The third is bean paste zongzi, relatively rare. North China has another kind of yellow corn instead of glutinous rice dumplings, filling with red dates. After steaming, only to see the yellow sticky corn embedded with red dates, some people call it "gold wrapped agate".
Zhejiang Huzhou zongzi, soft rice, divided into sweet and salty species. Salty fresh pork, soaked in soy sauce. Each zongzi with a piece of fat and lean meat for filling. Sweet dumplings are filled with date paste or bean paste. A piece of lard is added on top. After steaming, the lard is incorporated into the bean paste, which is very smooth and flavorful, and the dumplings produced by Wu Fang Zhai are particularly famous. Fillings are selected by specialists, there are eight treasures dumplings, chicken dumplings, bean paste dumplings, fresh meat dumplings, etc., each with its own characteristics.
Sichuan's pepper and salt bean dumplings are also unique. First, the glutinous rice, red beans soaked for half a day, add pepper, Sichuan salt and a little bacon diced, wrapped into a small four-cornered dumplings. The dumplings are then cooked over high heat for three hours, and when they are cooked, they are placed on a wire mesh and baked over charcoal. It tastes burnt on the outside and tender on the inside, and is quite flavorful.
The Zhongshan Ludou Rice Dumplings of Guangdong are characterized by their rounded stick shape and thickness like an arm. The ingredients are also divided into sweet and salty. The sweet ones are lotus seed paste, bean paste, chestnut seed paste and jujube paste; the salty ones are salted meat, roasted chicken, egg yolk, sweet shellfish, mushrooms, green beans and * burnt.
The dumplings in southern Fujian are divided into alkali dumplings, meat dumplings and bean dumplings. Alkaline rice dumplings are made by adding lye to glutinous rice and steaming it. It is both sticky, soft and smooth. After ice plus honey or syrup is especially delicious. Meat dumplings are made of marinated meat, mushrooms, egg yolks, shrimp and dried bamboo shoots. Xiamen's meat dumplings are the most famous. Bean dumplings are popular in Quanzhou, using September beans mixed with a little salt, with glutinous rice wrapped into. When steamed, the beans are fragrant, and some people eat them with sugar.
▲Duanwu Festival customs around the country
[Hebei Province]
Beijing is avoiding the Dragon Boat Festival to draw water from the wells, and often draws water before the festival, which is said to be to avoid poisoning the wells. Marketplace vendors also in the Dragon Boat Festival selling cherries and mulberries, it is said that the Dragon Boat Festival ate cherries and mulberries, can be the whole year without flies. Furnace food store to sell "five poisonous cakes", that is, five kinds of poisonous insects decorated with patterns for the cake. Luan County has been hired by the male and female in-laws salty at the Dragon Boat Festival gifts to each other. Zhao County Dragon Boat Festival, the local government will hold a party to the south of the city, inviting the city of scholars to feast and poetry, known as the "step willow".
[Shandong Province]
Zouping County Dragon Boat Festival, each person needs to drink a cup of wine in the morning, and legend has it that it can avoid evil spirits. Rizhao Dragon Boat Festival for children wrapped in seven-color line, has to wear to the first rain after the festival before unraveling thrown in the rain. Linqing County Dragon Boat Festival, boys under the age of seven years with a charm (necklaces made of wheat), girls with pomegranate flowers, but also to wear their mother's hand-made yellow in the shoes, shoes with brushes painted with five kinds of poisonous insects. The meaning is to kill the five kinds of poisonous insects by means of Qu Yuan's ink. Imo washes his face with dew on the morning of the Dragon Boat Festival.
[Shanxi Province]
Duanwu, Xiezhou, men and women wear moxa leaves, known as "to go to the disease", the youngest children are tied to the neck of a hundred cords, which is said to be "for the Qu Yuan to tie the dragon". Xi'an County Dragon Boat Festival, the village sacrificed to the Dragon King, and hanging paper in the field. Huairen County Dragon Boat Festival is also known as "Zhu Men". At the Dragon Boat Festival in Dingxiang County, students were required to give gifts to teachers. Lu'an Province to wheat flour steamed dough, known as "white dough", and zongzi together to give each other.
[Shaanxi Province]
Xing'an Prefecture's Dragon Boat Festival, the local officials led their subordinates to watch the ferry race, which was called "Treading Stone". Xingping County, the Dragon Boat Festival with silk sewn small corn, and then sewn underneath a small doll, known as "play dolls". In Tongguan County, the door of the Dragon Boat Festival is covered with a sticker and a paper cow, which is called "Zhen Disease".
[Gansu Province]
Jingning State Dragon Boat Festival pick roses pickled in honey for syrup. Zhenyuan County Dragon Boat Festival to the newlyweds incense fan, Luo Qi, scarf, Ai Hu. Sons and daughters and invite their fathers and brothers to feast on the master, known as "enjoy the festival". Zhangxian County Dragon Boat Festival, shepherd children worship mountain gods. Accumulation of salary mound, burned before the cock crows, commonly known as "burning high mountains.
[Jiangsu Province]
Jiading County Dragon Boat Festival, rich or poor, must buy stone head fish (commonly known as koji) cooking. Yizheng County also has "when the pants, buy yellowtail" proverb. Nanjing Dragon Boat Festival, each family is a box of water, add a little andrographis, googly-eyed money two, the size of the family are using this water to wash their eyes, known as the "broken fire eye", it is said to protect a year without eye disease. Wujin night dragon boat theater, the night on all sides of the dragon boat hanging on the small lights racing, and there are xiao drums and singing.
[Sichuan Province]
Shizhu "out of the Dragon Boat Lo" custom. A large square table covered with a red carpet is lifted by four people with two bamboo poles. Carpet with bamboo gabions braided a Taoist priest riding a tiger. Drums and gongs are beaten, and a street parade is held. In the old days, there was also the custom of "playing plums" at the Dragon Boat Festival in western Sichuan. On this day, Chengdu people buy plums, in the southeast corner of the city on the city tower, up and down to throw, gather tens of thousands of spectators. Guangxu twenty-one years (1895) for throwing plums and foreign missionaries clashed, this custom thus stopped. Leshan, Xinjin and other places in the Dragon Boat Race, but also held a grand commodity fair.
[Xijiang Province]
Tonglu County township schoolchildren, the Dragon Boat Festival with the gift to the teacher, called the "clothes". Medical practitioners are at noon to collect medicine, according to legend, this day, the sky doctor star in the sky.
[Jiangxi Province]
Jianchang Province, Wu Festival with a hundred grass water bath to prevent scabies, Xinchang County, Xionghuang, Dansha drink wine, called the "open eye".
[Hubei Province]
Huanggang County Dragon Boat Festival Bahe town to meet Nuo people, flower crowns and tattoos, sounding gold by epidemic. Yichang County Dragon Boat Festival, but in May 13, 14, 15 three days of the special. May 15, also known as the "big Danyang", eating rice dumplings, drinking bus wine, routine with the Dragon Boat Festival.
[Hunan Province]
You County Dragon Boat Festival, pregnant women, rich people with flower money wine and food, poor people prepared chicken wine, bamboo clip kozo money, for the dragon boat in front of the dragon's head to pray for a safe birth. In Yuezhou Prefecture, people race to avoid disasters and illnesses. They also make straw boats to flood the water, which is called "sending the plague".
[Fujian Province]
Fuzhou Dragon Boat Festival old custom, the daughter-in-law is the day to life clothes, shoes and socks, dumplings, fans into the in-laws. Jianyang County to five days for the drug king sunshine capsule day, people are on this day for the sauce. Shanghang County Dragon Boat Festival with a small boat bound reeds as a dragon play on the waterfront, known as the race. Xianyou County Dragon Boat Festival, after the race, offering paper in the Hu Xiaotan, to commemorate the Jiajing Dec. Qi Jiguang drowning soldiers in this. Shaowu Province before the Dragon Boat Festival, women to Jiang Jiang yarn for the bag Sheng Fu. And the five-color velvet as a square victory, associated with colorful threads, tied to the hairpin. Young girls are hanging on the back, known as "Dou Niang".
[Guangdong Province]
Conghua County Dragon Boat Festival at noon to burn water to wash hands and eyes, sprinkled in the road, known as the "send disaster". Xinxing County Dragon Boat Festival, people from their neighboring temples to welcome the guide statue of the gods on patrol. Witches and water, stickers to expel the evil mortal charm. Shicheng County Dragon Boat Festival, children flying kites, known as "release disaster".
▲Duanwu Festival Poetry
Racing Song
Liu Yuxi
Yuan River flows in May on the flat dyke, and the people of the county will float colorful boats. The song of Lingiun has been sung for many years, and the sad ballad of the oars has been raised since then.
The Yang Beam is a thunderous sound, and the turbulent currents are roaring in unison. The dragon's dorsal fins move when it rains, and the rainbow drinks from the river.
The assassin was in the middle of the stream, and the king was ordered to separate the males and females. The first to sound the remaining courage to encourage, but not yet to the color frustration.
This is the first time I've ever been in a position to do this, and I've never been in a position to do it. The custom is like a crazy heavy at this time, even if you look at the clouds to the river of the Mekong.
The colorful flags are shining on the shore, and the socks are showing the water. The song is over, and the people are sad, and the water in front of the pavilion is pouring out of the east.
Liu Yuxi's song "Racing Song" recounts a dragon boat race in Yuan River. Under the auspices of the state's assassin, the teams of dragon boats dueled for victory. The winners rejoiced and the losers were dejected. After the race, women played in the water, mirroring the colorful flags on the bank, adding infinite interest to the festival.
May 5
(Mei Yao-shen)
Qu has sunk to his death, and the people of Chu are in mourning.
What can be done about the slanders and slander?
It is not yet over, but it is a matter of tracking down the trail of the past.
The water in the blue pool of Yuan-Xiang should illuminate the peaks.
And the Dragon Boat Festival
(Zhang Lei)
The competition for the ferry is y saddened by a thousand years of grievances,
and the loyal souls can never be restored once they are gone.
Where is the country dead and the body perished,
leaving only a divorced riot in the world.
Poem on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month
Lu You
The 5th day of the 5th lunar month is good in the mountain villages, and the pomegranate blossoms have suddenly flourished.
The rice dumplings are wrapped in two buns, and the mugwort is wrapped around the crown.
The old custom is to store medicine, and the weak body also points to Dan.
When I finish my work at the end of the day, I smile at the cup and saucer.
This poem describes the habits of the Southern Song Dynasty on the Dragon Boat Festival. The writer ate two corners of the dumplings, high crown inserted ai branches. Still customary, and busy storing medicine, matching prescription, in order to be safe and disease-free this year. At night, he was physically and mentally happy to drink wine. From this can be reflected, Jiangnan Dragon Boat Festival customs, both to commemorate the meaning of Qu Yuan, but also the content of health care.
He Xin Lang (Dragon Boat Festival)
He Xin Lang.
The children have boasted of the end of the new style of hairpin Fu Aihu.
There have long been tourists watching the ferry. The boss of the scene of the lazy play, any stranger, young people compete in the drums, the stream rain rush, wave dance.
Ling Jun's style is as high as this, remembering his life both sewing orchids, and more spiritus.
Who believes that after a thousand years, the soul of the tart will salivate at the bottom of the wave.
And it is also said that the dragon's anger. The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal of money to pay for the services you need, and then you have to pay for the services you need.
Duanwu in the year 2010
Bei Qiong
Wind and rain in the end of the sun is born in the darkness,
Miluo nowhere to hang the spirit of heroes.
The pomegranate blossoms should smile at each other,
Without wine, Yuanming is awake alone.
Watching the ferry race on the afternoon
Bian Gong
***Shocking the dragons upstream,
I don't know if it was originally a Mulan boat.
The clouds and flags are hunting and turning the blue,
The thunder drums are noisy and the blue streams are flowing.
The soul of Qu Zi has always been there,
and the custom of Chuxiang still remains.
The river pavilion is a place where we can meet on a free day, and
drunkenly satirizing a divorced tale does not relieve us of our sorrows.
The afternoon in Suzhou is prohibited
Tong Hsien-chu
Writing a cup of calamus and bamboo leaves,
Pengcheng Fangcaodong has returned to the city.
If you know that you will not die in the Oujiang River,
It is not necessary for you to hang Qu Lai with your oars.
Five Days (Selected)
Chen Zilong
Wu Tian May water is long,
Seeing the smoke and clouds is not collected.
There are people who pick up the green jade, and there are people who are beautiful;
There are people who make the tide, and there are people who swim in the river.
The pearl curtains and the woven grass mat are in Hibiscus Pu,
and the paddles and the zither are on the boat.
To the Dragon Tower, I would like to peep at the foot of the temple,
Pity the poor river north and west of the sea.
▲Duanwu Festival couplets
The day of the Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of the year;
The festival is in the middle of the day.
Ai flag invites a hundred blessings;
Pu sword cuts down a thousand evils.
It is fortunate that the door is unmarked;
It is a shame that people don't know how to read.
Durian blossoms are colorful on the Juming Festival;
The fragrance of bushel leaves floats on green spiritus bottles.
Ai leaves are like a flag inviting a hundred blessings;
Calamus is like a sword cutting down a thousand demons.
The green wormwood hangs over the door and paints the door with colorful algae;
The green dandelion is filled with wine, which makes it more fragrant.
Jieqi Zhu Ming Duru Nanrui;
Fai Zeng Cui Bao Ai Shou Xianghua.
Ai leaves spit out the fragrance of the four seas;
The dragon boat lifts the huge waves and swallows the eight worlds.
Dragon Boat Racing, with Qu Zi Huai Gu Hate;
Chinese County Xiong Fei, happy to record today's patriotic chapter.
Boi Si Junzi;
Yi Pu Zhu Shengren.
Fu Chen meets the Earth's wax;
Jian Wu will be in the middle of the sky.
The daylilies in front of the hall are green;
The pomegranate blossoms on the stone are red.
The pomegranate skirts and the daylilies add color;
We remember the years with the wine and the cattail.
The head of the hairpin is a tiger;
The head of the ship is a dragon.
There are thousands of doors to be blessed, and the blue water to be used as a boat for ten kilometers.
The pomegranate reflects the red sun;
The drum music urges the dragon boat to sing.
The wine and the yellow wine, the righteousness alone can eliminate the five poisons;
The championships capture the purple, the legacy of the wind is still talking about the three lukes.
Burning mugwort and drinking malva, clearing the miasma and preventing disease, not for the evil Chong;
Flying dragon boat wrapped in fragrant rice dumplings, Dienzhong inviting the soul is the model
This is the first time that I've seen a dragon boat in the world, and it's been a long time since I've seen one.