In Yiwu, every wedding, housewarming, birthday, promotion, further education and other festive festivals, relatives and friends always have the custom of treating guests and giving gifts in return, which has continued to this day. However, there is a big difference between the rich and the poor in treating guests and giving gifts. Rich people have big scenes, rich banquets and rich dishes, and even entertain guests with "Sixteen Signs". The poor really have no choice but to make do with a simple family dinner. There is really a feeling that "the rich have a glass of wine, and the poor have food for half a year" and "the wine in Zhumen stinks, and the road freezes to death". We have only heard of the famous dishes of Sixteen Qian Hui, but we have never seen them with our own eyes.
As a kind of food culture in Yiwu, "Sixteen Signs" should be carefully studied and passed down, which should be beneficial to the development of today's food industry. Traditional food culture has its reference and inheritance. In fact, compared with today's banquet dishes, "Sixteen Qian Hui" is really a drop in the bucket. It is also an impact and criticism on some inappropriate lifestyles and eating habits today.
"Sixteenth Qian Hui" Banquet: It refers to 4 cooked foods, 4 seafood, 4 sweet soups, 4 snacks and 8 cold cuts.
For traditional banquets and festive banquets in the past, "Sixteen Qian Hui" is the most abundant, followed by "Twelve Qian Hui". The so-called "Qian Hui" means that the host selects 16 kinds of rare dishes from the lottery box and orders bamboo sticks to form a "full house", which is called "Sixteen Qian Hui". In the category of "Twelve Qian Hui", four samples were omitted (two samples were omitted in "Four Seafood" and two samples were omitted in "Four Sweet Soups"). "Sixteen Qian Hui" consists of the following dishes:
Eight cold cuts are based on the specific conditions such as time, supply and price of the following two dishes, four of each, that is, on the table when the banquet is held.
Chicken, duck, mutton, beef, jellyfish and watercress eggs
Braised ham sausage with big tail belly slices (pictured above is white cut)
Shredded cabbage, shrimp with green beans, water bamboo and kidney flower.
Fried eggs with sliced tripe, shredded eel, chopped green onion and crucian crab powder.
Stir-fried bell celery, chicken, mushrooms and bamboo shoots.
Four hot dishes Choose four dishes from the following dishes.
Steamed chicken with mushroom and fungus, steamed chicken with golden needle and fat feet, steamed whole fish vermicelli and tendon with turtle.
Four seafood choose four dishes from the following.
Winter bamboo shoots, scallops, leek buds, fish maw, osmanthus silver fillets, mussels, vinegar-flavored shark fin (shark), fungus and sea cucumber.
Four kinds of sweet soups Choose four kinds from the following sweet soups.
Mi Luoluo porridge, coix seed, tremella, longan and ginseng soup, lotus seed, almond, lily and osmanthus.
Choose from the following four snacks: 2 sweet and 2 salty.
Steamed pork with steamed bread, lean meat, steamed stuffed bun, red bean paste, zongzi, crystal red fruit, green plum, babaolian powder.
Baiguo rice cake plate oil cake Baiguo glutinous cake Mamen rice paste
4 cooked food, 4 seafood, 4 sweet soup and 4 snacks. This 16 dish must be cooked together and served alternately. The last course is "Fried Bighead Carp with Tofu Brain". Traditionally, this dish is not eaten, which is called "leftover (fish)". Guests who need to eat will eat the last bowl of soup, usually "green vegetable tofu" or "winter bamboo shoots and snow vegetables". People who don't eat can stand up and decline politely when they see the "fish head tofu" on the table.
Brief introduction of "Top Ten Folklores";
Weddings and funerals
In the old society, it was a great event to get married in Yiwu. A couple's marriage needs at least half a year and at most three years to prepare the bride's dowry. There are also many procedures: matchmaker matchmaking, betrothal, giving gifts (betrothal gifts), sending dates, picking fruits (called "picking powder" in Xixiang), saying goodbye, returning gifts, raising wine, saying goodbye to ancestors, getting married, bride getting on a sedan chair, offering sacrifices to heaven and earth, giving banquets and making trouble in a new house (commonly known as "begging for fruits")
Yiwu folk customs emphasize the friendship of flesh and blood and respect for the elderly and filial piety. If a family member is sick, please seek medical attention in time, wait day and night, and bring tea and medicine in time. Clean the patient's body, turn over frequently, and dispose of excretory dirt at any time. Never tired, never frown. A hundred years later, filial piety for men and women, filial piety for children, passed down from generation to generation, has become a common practice. At the end of the 20th century, Yiwu carried out cremation in an all-round way, and the urn was placed in the cemetery. Most cemeteries around the country are built in mountainous areas, and funeral etiquette is generally the same except coffins.
Birthday, birthday
Every year's birthday is regarded as a person's celebration. The family celebrates his or her birthday, wishes him or her health and longevity, eats egg noodles symbolizing longevity, and makes the whole family happy. Every time I turn ten, the celebration is bigger than my birthday every year. People over 60 celebrate their birthdays every ten days, especially centenarians, which was called "Ren Rui" in ancient times.
Lifting the new roof truss
In the old society, houses were built, which Yiwu people called new houses. You need to go through many procedures such as selecting foundation, breaking ground and laying foundation, and you need to choose auspicious time. The time should be consistent with the birth time of the owner, not contradictory.
Dragon attack
At present, there are more than 400 kinds of dragon lanterns in Yiwu, mostly Wolong, as well as dragon lanterns (bamboo dragons and cloth dragons), pearl lanterns and figure lanterns (such as welcoming Gong Hu and Bai Chen's Twenty-Five Xianggong). Traditional dragon lanterns are mainly used in Lantern Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day. During the activity, people "put on incense tables", lit one or three incense sticks, held lanterns, kowtowed to the Dragon King and prayed for the benefit of the dragon king, so as to herald good weather, peace and prosperity in the coming year.
Jia Shi ti ge bridge
Yang Chuanjia, Jiu Liang, Tang Zhenguan, a scholar at the end of B, was the official to the imperial history. In the year of Bingwu (AD 646), he returned to his hometown to worship his ancestors and built Jia Da Ancestral Temple in the right corner of Shuanglin Temple Hall. On the 18th day of the first month of each year, a big temple fair is held, which is held in turn by Jia Cun in Yangchuan, Yiwu. On this day, Jia villagers in Yangchuan, Yiwu not only went to the ancestral temple to worship their ancestors, but also went to Haiyun Temple to worship Buddha. On New Year's Eve, it was the turn of the villagers in "Jia Gui" village, carrying carved stone shrines, nearly a dozen "Shoujia Bridge", Dragon and Tiger Flags, Centipede Flags and Sweeping Flags to clear the way, dozens of gunpowder guns and pairs of gongs sang together, carrying big candles weighing 100 kg, beating gongs and drums, and went to Haiyun Temple to preside over the annual 18th National Congress.
Celebrate the Spring Festival
Spring Festival is the New Year, and it is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. Yiwu attaches great importance to New Year's Eve, and pays attention to eating and drinking: first, steamed bread indicates the prosperity of the New Year; second, rice cakes, which mean getting taller every year. At the same time, fish is necessary. Fish and "fish" are homophonic, symbolizing abundant good luck and celebration. We should also make more New Year's Eve dinners and eat more than enough, which indicates that it will last more than one year. When staying up late, people will also light up the lights in every room, which indicates that business is booming.
Qingming, the solstice of winter
When crossing Tomb-Sweeping Day in rural Yiwu, willow branches should be inserted in every door and window. Men, women and children get up early and go for a walk in the wild, which is called "outing" and "picking up vitality". Another custom is to collect seeds in the wild, wash and mash them, and knead them into various "Qingming preserves" with glutinous rice flour. Tomb-Sweeping Day also has the custom of sweeping graves, such as "going to the grave", "offering sacrifices to the squire" and "offering sacrifices to the ancestors".
The solstice in winter is similar to Qingming, and there are mainly customs such as burning incense, burning paper money, dressing, adding soil and setting off fireworks and firecrackers.
Mid-Autumn Festival in August
Yiwu Mid-Autumn Festival has traditional customs such as making zongzi, Friedvermicelli, killing chickens and ducks and eating moon cakes. In the evening, households use small square tables or collective dustpans and rice screens. Put them in the yard for the moon to enjoy, also known as "Yue Bai". Most of the offerings used are pomegranate, jujube, pear, watermelon, water chestnut, grapefruit, Wendan, banana and other seasonal fruits, as well as moon cakes, zongzi, horse history and other foods.
Chongyang temple fair
Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Yiwu people have been worshipping Gong Hu on the Double Ninth Festival. In August and September of the lunar calendar, crowds of people worship the statue of Gong Hu on the rocks above. A few days before the Double Ninth Festival, I carried the statue of Gong Hu and went to visit the Helingxing Temple in Deshengyan. Yan Qian Caocun, Yitong Tongshan Rock, Huaxi Zhugongyan and Shangyang Gong Hu Temple all have temple fairs, and local performances with Gong Hu Temple are also very popular.
Kaixinshi
Shops in Yiwu urban areas and rural market towns, from the first day to the fourth day of the first lunar month, except hotels, grocery stores and other shops commonly known as "longevity shops", generally do not open until the fifth day of the first lunar month after receiving the god of wealth, commonly known as "opening a new city". On this day, the markets of rice market, firewood market and poultry market opened on the same day. On the day of "opening a new city", villagers need to go to the market to buy and sell, which is called "driving a new city"