Tang-Li Bai

A frozen pen is lazy to write new poems, a cold stove and a glass of good wine are warm.

Drunk to see the ink flowers and the moon white, suddenly suspected that the snow was full of Qiancun.

Note: Li Bai (February 8, 7065438+0—February 65438 +762) [1], also known as "Violet Lay Man". He was a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, and was praised as "Poet Fairy" by later generations. It is also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. In order to distinguish it from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is cheerful and generous, loves to drink and write poems, and likes to make friends.

Li Bai was deeply influenced by Huang Lao's idea of sorting out villages. Li Taibai's poems have been handed down from generation to generation, and most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include Looking at Lushan Waterfall, it is hard to go, Difficult Road to Shu, Entering Wine, Liang, First Sending Baidicheng, etc.

There are biographies of Li Bai's Ci and Fu in the Song Dynasty (such as Wen Ying's Xiang Ji). As far as its pioneering significance and artistic achievements are concerned, Li Bai's Ci Fu enjoys a high status.

Early winter in Lei Wen

Song-Su Zhe

Yang Yin does not converge, and half a year old often suffers.

Rice millet is fed to locust moths, and japonica rice is flat.

People are hungry to help thunder, and wheat stays in the autumn night.

When it rains, the frost falls into the water and the spring shrinks.

It's morning in Huiwei Mountain, and it's raining heavily.

After ten days, the situation became worse and worse, and Fang Dongnian became more and more embarrassed.

Spring thunder comes at midnight and the hub turns at noon.

The old man couldn't sleep and the child began to cry.

See the atrium in plain sight, and the pine chrysanthemum is half destroyed.

The latent hay germinates and the insects lurk in disorder.

The salary is not out of the market, and I am not familiar with cooking in the morning.

The first kind is not buried, and the spring salary is difficult to be full.

Scholars believe in the old saying, and Hong Fan has a legacy.

Who should be prosecuted when there is no intermediate base?

Note: Su Zhe (1March 03918 [1]-12 June 5438+001October 25th [2]), with the word ziyou.

In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Zhedeng was the first scholar, secretary of the provincial school and military attache of Shangzhou. When Song Shenzong was in office, he was appointed as an official of the Third Division of Regulations. Because he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform, he was promoted to be a left-behind official in Henan. Since then, he has cooperated with Zhang, Wen Yanbo and others.

After Song Zhezong acceded to the throne, he called Su Zhe the secretary of provincial studies. In the first year of Yuan You (1086), he served as the right minister, and successively served as the suggestion, history and assistant minister.

In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), Zhezong began to be a calligrapher in China. Su Zhe rebelled against Zhezong because he wrote to dissuade him, so he left to know Ruzhou. After that, it was downgraded several times. During the period of Chongning, when Cai Jing was in power, he went to the next dynasty to seek medical treatment, so he took Dr. Taizhong as an official and built a house in Xuzhou, making welcoming guests his old age.

In the second year of Zheng He (112), Su Zhe died at the age of 74, studying for a bachelor's degree in Ming Temple, and then practicing medicine in Feng Xuan. When Song Gaozong was tired, he gave it to a surname and Wei Guogong, and when Song Xiaozong was chasing Wen Ding.

Su Zhe, his father Su Xun and his brother Su Shi are called "Su San". Deeply influenced by his father and brother, he is famous for his prose and is good at political theory and historical theory. His poems try to catch up with Su Shi, with unpretentious style and poor literary talent. Su Zhe is also good at calligraphy, which is chic, neat and orderly. He is the author of Biography of Poetry, Biography of Spring and Autumn Annals, and Collection of Luancheng.

Work in winter

Song road trip

The room is small and rich, and the walls only reach the shoulders.

It's only been the first day after the month of sending clothes.

One inch of charcoal is deposited in the furnace, which is called cotton quilt.

I have been a teacher all my life, and I am happy everywhere.

Note: Lu You (1125—1210) was born in Yinshan, a native of Yuezhou, Han nationality, a writer, historian and patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Lu Yousheng was deeply influenced by family patriotism when he was a teenager. When I was in Song Gaozong, I took the does exam, but my career was not smooth because I was rejected by Qin Gui. Song Xiaozong was born a scholar after he acceded to the throne. He used to be the master book of Ningde County, Fuzhou, the official of deleting government decrees, and the judge of Longxing House. Because he insisted on resisting gold, he was repeatedly rejected by the Lord and factions. In the seventh year (1 17 1), he joined the army and worked in Nanzheng shogunate at the invitation of Sichuan ambassador Wang Yan. The following year, the shogunate was dissolved, Lu You entered Shu and met Fan Chengda. After Song Guangzong succeeded to the throne, he was promoted to Doctor of Rites and Reviser of History Museum. Soon after, he was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown for "mocking romantics". In the second year of Jiatai (1202), Song Ningzong sent an imperial edict to Lu You to Beijing, and presided over the compilation of Xiao Zong and Guang Zong's Records of the Two Dynasties and History of the Three Dynasties. His official position was to be determined. After the book was written, Lu You lived in seclusion in Yin Shan for a long time, and died in Jiading for two years (12 10), leaving the last book, Shizi.

Lu You never stopped writing all his life and made great achievements in poetry and prose. His poetic language is simple and fluent, and his composition is rigorous and orderly. He has both Li Bai's boldness and boldness and Du Fu's melancholy and sadness, especially his patriotic enthusiasm, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Lu You is also a brilliant historian. His book "A Brief Comment on the Laws of Southern Tang Dynasty" has bright colors and high historical value.

Spend a winter night on the boat.

Song-Fan Chengda

People get older every year, and the cold is accompanied by rain.

Look at the firewood at the top of the mountain and the fishing lights at the bottom of the water.

There are thousands of waves and shadows, and there are few edges in the sand marks.

Note: Fan Chengda (11June 26, 2006-19365438+1October 1]), with the word smart [2], was young and was named a layman in this mountain in his early years. Han nationality, born in Wuxian County, Pingjiang Prefecture (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). Famous officials, writers and poets in the Southern Song Dynasty.

In the 24th year of Shaoxing, Song Gaozong (1 154), Fan Chengda was a scholar, an official and a storyteller who worshipped the yamen. Trunk highway for three years (1 167), administrative office. In the sixth year (1 170), the avenue went to the state of Jin, which did not disgrace the mission and also removed the post of Hua Shi. Seven years of trunk roads (1 17 1 year), Jingjiang Prefecture was known. In the second year of Xichun (1 175), he was appointed as the ambassador of Wenfu Museum and Sichuan. In the fifth year of Xichun (1 178), he was disintegrated after only two months in politics. In his later years, he retired to Shihu and became a college student. Shao Xi died in the fourth year (1 193). At the age of 68, he was given five senses, and later he was given Shao Shi, Chong Guogong and posthumous title Wenmu [3-4], and later he was called "Fan Wenmu".

Fan Chengda is famous for his literature, especially his poems. He started with Jiangxi School, then studied the poems in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, inherited the realistic spirit of poets such as Bai Juyi, Wang Jian and Zhang Ji, and finally became his own family. Simple style, fresh and charming. Poetry has a wide range of themes, and the works that reflect the content of rural social life have the highest achievements. Together with Yang Wanli, Lu You and You Mao, they are also known as the "Four Masters of Zhongxing" in the Southern Song Dynasty. His works had a significant influence in the late Southern Song Dynasty, especially in the early Qing Dynasty. There is a saying that "the home is south of the sword and the stone lake is home". He is the author of Shihu Collection, Lu Lan, Wu, Wu Junzhi and Gui Zhiheng.

The second rhyme is Gu Zhuo, and the chrysanthemum is seen in winter.

Song Shenzong said.

Wandering around the fence to see chrysanthemums, dark yellow and light purple are sweet.

The eaves are clear, fragrant and resistant, and the rhyme is more than cyan.

I doubt it today, but I haven't felt late autumn for some time.

From teaching white hair, you must shoot it all over, and let it be a joke.

The day before, first frost of beginning of winter had feelings for chrysanthemum.

Song-Shi Qian

Last night, the frost was clear and cold, and the red leaves were full.

The garden is swept away by the west wind, and the yellow flowers bear the autumn.

Note: Shi Qian lived in Song Ningzong at the end of Qing Dynasty. When I was young, I was transcendent and unworthy of the views of secular Confucian scholars. I definitely wanted to take the imperial examination and study Neo-Confucianism. Because he visited Emperor Wen of Sui in Cihu, he became the younger brother of Yangmen. Yang Jian loved it deeply, and the great book Tang Rong was given to each other. Fu Yuan, who was sentenced in Jiangdong at that time, paid more attention to money than learning, and set up Xiangshan Academy. He gave a lecture when recruiting money, and got wind of it.

After hearing the news, the local officials, as well as officials from Xin 'an and Shaoxing counties, generously donated money and began to give speeches at county schools. His knowledge generally invented the mind, his discussion was magnificent, incisive and thorough, his criticism was pleasant, and everyone who listened to his speech benefited from it. Qiao Xingjian, the right-wing prime minister, heard about this incident and recommended a saying to Song Lizong: "With money, you lose your talents, especially when you are on earth. When you are in a foreign country, you will suffer and you will be familiar with the gains and losses of the world. You will not only keep your words through poetry and books! " In February of the first year of Jiaxi (1237), when he summoned Buyi Qian, he was given the background of Jinshi and recommended Tingchang to collate it.

He was also asked to review the history museum and edit Guo Shihong. It also made Yanzhou Chen Shou copy the time-shifted works and present them to the court. Soon, he went out to assist Kuraki in eastern Zhejiang. Li Xin regarded it as a review of the history museum and turned to macro-compilation of national history. After the award, Jiang returned to Li. It is the beginning of Chun 'an Academy to set up Tang Rong Academy in Shu Prefecture and give lectures with a group of disciples every day. Known as Mr. Tang Rong.

On September 26th, there was no snow, and most northerners didn't have time.

Xu songfang

Beginning of winter still has ten days, and his clothes have not been padded.

In the middle of the night, the wind overturned the house, and in the morning, the snow invaded the ship.

Bad times are strange, but my old age is the most pitiful.

The sleeves were covered with sour fingers, and the shoulders were frozen by the railing.

My heart suddenly ached, and the residual chrysanthemum was still fresh.

Poor childless people should be entangled in many diseases.

Note: Fang Hui (1227 ~ 1305) was a poet and poetic critic in Yuan Dynasty. Fang Hui's moral integrity is beyond words and is laughed at by the world. But he is good at poetry and is the main poet of Jiangxi School. He is the temple army of Jiangxi Poetry School (see China Literature History, Volume 3, Part 6, Yuan Dynasty Literature). The word Wan Li, alias virtual valley. Huizhou Shexian (now Anhui) people. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Zong ascended the throne. At the beginning, I used "Hundred Plum Blossom Poems" to curry favor with the powerful minister Jia Sidao. Later, it seemed that Tao was defeated, and it seemed that Tao could be beheaded ten times, so he was appointed as the magistrate of Yanzhou (now Jiande, Zhejiang). Yuan Bing will arrive, and he sings the theory of defending the country. Yuan Bing arrived, hoping to face the wind, and he was appointed as the general manager of Jiande Road. Soon dismissed from office, that is, wandering around Hangzhou and Shexian, earning a living by selling literature in his later years, and even dying of old age.

After Fang Hui dismissed from office, he devoted himself to poetry creation, selected and commented on modern poems of Tang and Song Dynasties. It was named "The Essentials of Winning Laws", with 49 volumes.

The day before Yu Yan Pavilion beginning of winter.

Song-song shaoti

Chongyang has planted chrysanthemums and autumn frost.

Don't say that the wind will blow tomorrow, and people will be heartbroken.

Note: Ge Shao's style, year of birth and death and official calendar are unknown. He was born in Jian 'an (now Jian 'ou, Fujian) and lives in Huangyan. Ten volumes of Selected Poems of Dongshan have been lost. According to the Yongle Dadian, the fourth library of Qing Dynasty compiled two volumes of Selected Poems of Dongshan. Judging from the works in the poetry collection, Ge may have worked as a local official in Jiaxing and other places and once lived in Lin 'an.

Beginning of Winter

Song Zijin ointment

The lotus pond that fell into the water dried up and the west wind gradually turned into the north wind.

Boxwood is stubborn, birch is soft and semi-sparse.

Frost on the door can wake up bones, and the afterglow on the window is good for reading.

I'm going to sing Xue Mei on March 9th and borrow my own small stove.

The beginning of Winter's two poems about things.

Song chouyuan

( 1)

The drizzle is cold and frost-free, and the leaves in front of the court are half green and half yellow.

Koharu won't be here for many days, and plum blossoms will be in full bloom.

(2)

Qifeng is vast and scattered, and the drizzle is slightly wet.

Ken thinks Hanxin is still early this year, and the old lady hasn't packed cotton in brown yet.

Note: Chou Yuan (1247 ~ 1326) was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Because he lives in Qiushan, Yuhang Creek, he is called Mr. Mountain Village. A writer and calligrapher in Yuan Dynasty. During Yuan Dade's reign (1297~ 1307), he was appointed as a professor of Confucianism in Liyang at the age of 58, and soon came back, thus ending in melancholy.

Beginning of Winter

Yuan-Lu Wengui

It rains early for a long time, and autumn gradually enters winter.

The yellow flowers are exposed alone, and the red leaves have gone with the wind.

While thinking about blowing cold corners, the village songs are late in spring.

Hedge doors lie high every day, and laziness is futile.

Note: Lu Wengui (1252~ 1336) was a writer in Yuan Dynasty. Zizifang, east of No.1 wall, is from Jiangyin (now Jiangsu). There are hundreds of classics and history, including astronomy, geography, law, medicine and arithmetic.

Beginning of Winter

Ming Wang Deng Zhi

Autumn wind blows away the old courtyard, and yellow leaves pass by.

A small Zen lamp is half a moon, and it is colder today than last night.

Note: Wang Dengzhi, (1535 ~ 16 12), whose real name is Bo 'ao, Thirty Elder, Qingyang Jun, Guangchang Founder, etc. Before moving to Wumen (now Suzhou), he was from Jiangyin. Not many literary titles, good at calligraphy, able to read Chinese characters at the age of 4, able to write Chinese characters at the age of 6, able to write poems at the age of 10, and famous for being handsome. In the last years of Jiajing, he entered imperial academy, and became famous in Beijing because he wrote a peony poem "Color borrows your robe, purple is fragrant, and smoke is scattered in Taiji Hall". Wanli once called for the revision of national history. In the 14th year of Wanli, he made friends with organizations such as Tulong, Daokun Wang and Wang Shizhen, such as Nanping Society, known as "Shi Xia", and once made friends with famous prostitutes such as Ma Xianglan and Xue Susu.

Wang Zeng joined the "Wumen" under the guidance of one of the four gifted scholars in Wujun at that time. After his death, Wang Zhenhua appeared, rallied and sat under the title of John for more than 30 years. During Jia, Long and Wanli years, there were more than a dozen people in Buyi and other places who were famous for their poems. His calligraphy is both cursive and seal script, and people are scrambling to collect his works. Later generations called him Wu Pai Houjin, and he was also a representative figure in Wu Pai's later period. Qing Qian's Poems of Past Dynasties says: "The name is full of Wu Hui, and the beauty lies in books, seals and officials. Although Jia Hu is poor, people from Fujian and Guangdong who have passed the noon gate will meet him at the gate and ask him for size before going. " Yuan Hongdao, one of the leaders of the "Public Security School", thinks that his poems are "superior to Wang Wei, but not inferior to Guang,".

Wang's agile thinking and rich works have attracted the attention of literary circles. He wrote 2 1 species of poems in his life, with 45 volumes. There are mainly Wang Ji, Jin Ji, Jinchang Ji, Yi Shi, Danqing Zhi, Wu She Bian, Yan Ji, York Zhi and so on. Among them, the last four were listed in Ming History, and four were listed in Game History. At the same time, Wang was a famous playwright in the Wanli period, and his legendary stories, such as "Adding Virtue to Colorful Robes", were quite influential in Jinling Theatre.

Seven laws-beginning of winter

In September, the beds are planted late and the young plants are tender.

A curtain of night rain moistens the roots, and the new chrysanthemums on the hedge are red.

Good times can be quiet, and many people's old dreams are hazy.

Drink warm water in winter, and decorate the soup with green onions.