? Because the disease is transmitted through the respiratory tract and digestive tract, it is necessary to take the baby less to play in public places in the popular season, wash your hands before and after meals, and disinfect tableware, daily necessities and pits regularly. Hand-foot-mouth disease has no immunity. If you don't pay attention to prevention after getting sick once, you can get it again.
Parents should not only fully realize the importance of prevention and control of hand, foot and mouth disease, norovirus and influenza, but also take precautions in kindergartens to build a new line of defense for children's health. Orange Wisdom Education, as always, shares worries for the government and makes positive contributions to children's health and safety on the road of caring and public welfare!
At present, the number of children with hand, foot and mouth disease in outpatient clinics has increased significantly compared with usual, and many parents have begun to worry, but they are also at a loss. In fact, May-July is the high incidence period of hand, foot and mouth disease, and children under 5 years old are the main population. Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is an eruptive infectious disease mainly caused by human enterovirus, among which the most important viruses are Coxsackievirus A 16 and Enterovirus 7 1. When children are infected with these viruses, most of them show fever, herpes on hands, feet and mouth, maculopapules or ulcers.
The child has hand, foot and mouth disease. What are the symptoms? In fact, if children suffer from hand, foot and mouth disease, there are certain prophase symptoms, such as fever 1-2 days before onset or at the same time, and most of them are low fever, about 38, and some children have respiratory symptoms and gastrointestinal manifestations such as cough and runny nose. The first symptom of this disease is round and oval herpes in the oral mucosa, with a small amount of turbid liquid in the blister and redness around it, followed by palm, sole and buttocks, which is painless and mostly subsides in about 5 days, without scabbing or scar.
Most of the symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease are mild, and the prognosis is good. A few cases are dangerous, and Chinese medicine has a good effect on this disease. When a child is definitely diagnosed with hand, foot and mouth disease, we must pay attention to: parents and children should wash their hands frequently before meals and after going to the toilet; Children's daily necessities, toys, etc. should be used and cleaned separately; Reduce close contact with children; Diet should be as light as possible to supplement nutrition; Pay attention to rest and be isolated at home for at least 1 week. In terms of prevention, at present, EV7 1 vaccine has been successfully marketed in China, and parents can choose to inject it. At present, hand, foot and mouth need symptomatic support treatment most, and severe patients should be treated in the hospital.
Instructor: Shi Jipeng, attending physician, Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College. I have worked in a 3A hospital for nearly 10 years and have rich clinical experience. He is good at the diagnosis and treatment of common and frequently-occurring diseases in pediatrics, especially the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases and critical diseases in newborns.
Hand, foot and mouth disease mainly has the following symptoms.
What symptoms does hand, foot and mouth disease have?
How to judge whether a child has hand, foot and mouth disease at an early stage?
What should parents pay attention to when their children get hand, foot and mouth disease?
Speaker: Guo Caiping, chief physician of Beijing You 'an Hospital Infection Center affiliated to Capital Medical University; Young member of Beijing Medical Association Infection Branch; Member of the Expert Group on Investigation and Handling of AIDS, Hand-foot-mouth Disease, Influenza A H 1N 1 and H7N9 in Beijing and Foodborne Diseases in Fengtai District.
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Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a herpesvirus infectious disease that mainly occurs in children.
Breakpoint points
① The incubation period is 3~7 days. Before the onset, there may be precursor symptoms such as loss of appetite, low fever, headache, etc. (2) Followed by painful small blisters on the hard palate, frequency, pharynx and tongue of the oral cavity, which will soon burst into shallow ulcers and be surrounded by redness.
There are also small blisters on the feet, mostly oval, with redness around them, involving buttocks, knees and even the whole body. The rashes in these parts are often herpes mound.
Hand-foot-mouth disease is an acute infectious disease caused by enterovirus infection. The incubation period is about 3-7 days, and most cases suddenly develop. About 50% of cases have moderate to low fever, usually between 37-38, before or at the same time of onset, accompanied by fatigue, and some respiratory symptoms, such as sneezing, coughing, runny nose and so on. In addition, some gastrointestinal symptoms can also appear, such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Individual children may be younger and have some symptoms of irritability and emotional instability. At the initial stage of the disease, it is mainly characterized by some rashes and oral pain on the hands, feet, buttocks and oral cavity. The oral mucosal spots appear earlier. At first, there are some miliary maculopapules or blisters with some redness around them, which may gradually darken and fade as time goes on. Some early manifestations are often not typical, so it is necessary to identify them in time and give active treatment. Early detection and treatment can effectively shorten the course of disease and prevent some serious cases. The above contents are for reference only. Please refer to the doctor's face-to-face consultation for specific medication and treatment.
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What are the characteristics of baby hand, foot and mouth disease?
Baby hand, foot and mouth disease is characterized by scattered herpes on oral mucosa, maculopapules and herpes on hands, feet and buttocks, inflammatory redness around herpes, less fluid in herpes, and symptoms such as cough, runny nose and loss of appetite.
According to the severity of the disease, it is divided into ordinary cases and severe cases.
(1) Common cases: ① Acute onset, with or without fever, scattered herpes on oral mucosa, maculopapules and herpes on hands, feet and buttocks, inflammatory blush around herpes, less fluid in herpes, and symptoms such as cough, runny nose and loss of appetite. Some cases only show rash or herpetic angina. ② Typical rashes are maculopapules, papules, herpes, and inflammatory blush around the rash. There is less body fluid in the herpes, which is neither painful nor itchy. When the rash recovers, it will not scab and leave scars. ③ Atypical rash, usually small, thick, hard and few, sometimes with petechiae, not limited to hand, foot and mouth, which may be accompanied by painful and itchy symptoms. Most common cases are cured within one week, and the prognosis is good.
(2) Severe cases: A few cases (especially those with weak resistance less than 3 years old) progress rapidly, and the nervous system, respiratory system and circulatory system are damaged to varying degrees. Meningitis, encephalitis (brain stem encephalitis is the most dangerous), encephalomyelitis, pulmonary edema, circulatory disorders, etc. occur mostly on the 0/5th day of onset/KLOC-.Very few cases are in critical condition, which may lead to death. Surviving cases may have sequelae.
Hand-foot-mouth disease is contagious and should be treated in isolation once diagnosed.
This content was reviewed by Wang Zhixin, Chief Pediatric Physician of China-Japan Friendship Hospital.
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Hand, foot and mouth disease is not terrible. Many parents always "turn pale at the smell of hand, foot and mouth disease". In fact, as long as we understand the transmission mode of hand, foot and mouth disease, we can effectively prevent and control the disease in our lives.
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute infectious disease with infants as the main disease and herpes around the mouth, hands, feet and anus as the main feature. However, the vaccine for this disease came out 20 16 years earlier in our country, which is an inactivated hand, foot and mouth vaccine. I believe that the prevention and control of the vaccine will be gradually carried out in China in the near future.
Hand-foot-mouth disease is caused by a variety of enteroviruses. Enteroviruses have strong adaptability to the external environment, and enteroviruses are resistant to a variety of chemicals, and 75% alcohol cannot inactivate them. Hand, foot and mouth disease is contagious. Some children are typical patients and some are asymptomatic patients with virus. They are the main sources of infection of hand, foot and mouth disease. Therefore, if children are diagnosed with hand, foot and mouth disease, they must pay attention to isolation and family members should also pay attention to infection protection.
In addition to children, some adults are also susceptible to hand, foot and mouth disease, and adults with weak immunity can also infect hand, foot and mouth disease. Relatively speaking, it is easier to cause the collective infection of hand, foot and mouth disease in kindergartens and schools. Generally speaking, hand, foot and mouth disease is transmitted every year, especially in spring, summer and autumn.
The best way to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease is to let children wash their hands more. It is recommended that antibacterial hand sanitizer for children containing quaternary ammonium salt is a relatively safe antibacterial component.
The reason why hand, foot and mouth disease worries parents is that in addition to its infectivity, severe patients may also lead to death. In fact, about 0.3% of children may develop into severe diseases, so parents must pay attention to their children's situation when nursing. If early detection and early treatment can be achieved, the possibility of saving lives will be greatly increased. If the child is listless, fidgety, with high fever (the body temperature continues to be 39, and the effect of medicine and physical cooling is not good), he frequently vomits, has difficulty breathing, or his skin appears marbling, limb tremors or weakness, his breathing heart rate is obviously accelerated, and his body perspires asymmetrically, and refuses to eat, he should take the child to the hospital immediately, and never take it lightly. These symptoms show that the child's condition is already serious.
There are generally no obvious symptoms before the onset of hand, foot and mouth disease. Most children suddenly get sick and have a fever of around 38. Some children may be accompanied by cold symptoms such as cough and runny nose. Acute onset, fever, maculopapules and herpes on the palm or sole, rash around the knee, buttocks and anus, and less liquid in the blister; Oral mucosa appears scattered herpes with obvious pain. Some children may be accompanied by symptoms such as cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and headache. A rash begins to appear two days after fever 1-2, usually on the palms and soles, but also on the buttocks. Some children do not have fever, but only show rash on hands, feet and buttocks or herpetic angina, and their condition is mild. The incubation period is 3 5 days, with low fever, general malaise, abdominal pain and other precursors. /kloc-within 0/2 days, painful miliary to mung bean-sized blisters appeared in the mouth, pharynx, soft palate, buccal mucosa, tongue and gums, surrounded by redness, which burst into small ulcers. Due to pain, they often salivate and refuse to eat. At the same time, there is also a rash on the hands and feet. There are an indefinite number of blisters on the back side of the hands and feet, the back edge of the fingers (toes), around the nails, and the palms and soles. In addition to the hands, feet and feet, it can also be seen near the buttocks and anus, and occasionally on the trunk and limbs. After a few days, it dries up and fades, and the rash has no itching and no pain. Individual children may have generalized papules and blisters, accompanied by aseptic meningitis, encephalitis and myocarditis. Generally, the course of the disease is good, the whole course is about 5 10 days, most of them can heal themselves and the prognosis is good.
What food to eat for hand, foot and mouth disease is good for health;
The first stage: initial illness. Mouth pain, fear of food. Main points of diet: give priority to liquid foods such as milk, soybean milk, rice soup and egg drop soup, eat less and eat more meals to maintain basic nutritional needs. In order to reduce mouth pain when eating, the food should be neither hot nor cold, nor salty or sour. Here is a tip-use a straw to reduce the contact between food and oral mucosa.
The second stage: fever. The mouth pain is relieved. The diet is mainly muddy food. Example: milk banana paste. Milk provides high-quality protein; Bananas are easy to make into paste, rich in carbohydrates, carotene and pectin, which can provide heat energy and vitamins, and moisten the intestines and relieve constipation.
The third stage: recovery period. Eat more meals. The amount is not too much, and the nutrition is high. For example, add a small amount of minced vegetables, chopped tofu, chopped mushrooms, etc. to the egg soup. Return to normal diet in about ten days. There is also a saying that "vegan, don't move." Completely vegetarian, excluding milk, eggs and other nutrients, the nutritional quality is not enough, lack of high-quality protein, and antibody is a kind of protein, so vegan is not appropriate.
Three, hand, foot and mouth disease is best not to eat what food:
1, fast cold, spicy, sour and salty and other irritating foods.
2. During the treatment, you should pay attention not to eat fish, shrimp and crabs.
Hand-foot-mouth disease is a common disease, which is mainly characterized by blisters on hands, feet and mouth. The disease is mild and short-lived. The incubation period of hand-foot-mouth disease is 3 5 days, and there will be low fever, general malaise, abdominal pain and other precursors. The easiest things for parents to find are geothermal heat and blisters on their hands, feet and mouth. Within 0/2 days of/kloc-,painful miliary to mung bean-sized blisters appeared in the mouth, pharynx, soft palate, buccal mucosa, tongue and gums, which were surrounded by redness and burst into small ulcers. Due to pain, they often salivate and refuse to eat. At the same time, there is also a rash on the hands and feet. There are an indefinite number of blisters on the back side of the hands and feet, the back edge of the fingers (toes), around the nails, and the palms and soles. In addition to the hands, feet and feet, it can also be seen near the buttocks and anus, and occasionally on the trunk and limbs. After a few days, it dries up and fades, and the rash has no itching and no pain. Individual children may have generalized papules and blisters, accompanied by aseptic meningitis, encephalitis and myocarditis. Generally, the course of the disease is good, the whole course is about 5 10 days, most of them can heal themselves and the prognosis is good. However, hand, foot and mouth disease is not so terrible. Usually, pay more attention to hygiene and drink more water, and it can be found early. I hope my answer is helpful to you!