There are five main types of pears cultivated in China's production, they are: sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), white pear (P. Pretschneideri Rehd), Akizi pear (P. ussuriensis Maxim), Xinjiang pear (P. sinkiangensis Yu) and Western pear (P. communis Linn). communis Linn).

(1) Autumn Pear

Mainly distributed in northeast China, North China and Northwest provinces also have a small amount of distribution. The main characteristics are: densely branched, old branches are mostly yellow-gray or yellow-brown. The edge of the leaf blade has sharp serrations with prickly awns. The base of the styles is sparsely pilose. Fruits are mostly spherical or oblate, with short fruiting pedicels, persistent and much revolute sepals, and 5 ventricles.

Autumn pear cold resistance, can withstand -45 ℃ low temperature, and drought, barren. Fruit is small, generally poor quality, but there are some excellent varieties, such as Beijing white pear, south fruit pear, small perfume, etc., most varieties need to be cooked before eating.

(2) white pear

Mainly distributed in north China, northwest. Liaoning and the Huaihe river basin also has a small amount of cultivation, is China's cultivated pear, the wider distribution, the largest number, the best quality species. The main characteristics are: biennial branches are mostly brown or tea brown. Young leaves purple-red or light reddish green. Leaf margins have sharp serrations, teeth awn inward. Fruits are mostly obovate or orbicular, yellow or green, with long fruiting pedicels, detached or vestigial sepals, and 4 to 5 ventricles.

White pear sex like dry cool climate. Cold resistance is stronger than sand pear and western pear, but not as good as qiu zi pear and xinjiang pear. Fruiting substance crisp juice, stone cell less, do not need to be cooked to eat. Famous varieties are duck pear, Chip pear, crisp pear and so on.

(3) sand pear

Currently China's production of cultivated sand pear has China sand pear and Japan and South Korea sand pear two types.

①China sand pear category. Mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze river basin and the Huaihe river basin area, North China, Northeast China also has a small amount of cultivation. The main characteristics are: branching is sparse, branch stout upright, more brown or dark greenish brown. Leaf blade apex long pointed, base rounded or nearly rounded, leaf margin prickly awn slightly inward, style smooth and glabrous, fruit more orbicular or ovoid, pericarp more brown, a few yellow-brown. Sepals generally deciduous, a few persistent. Ventricles 4-5. The flesh is hard, crunchy and juicy, with more stone cells, and the fruit is edible without post ripening.

This group likes warm and humid climate, cold resistance is worse than other major cultivated species. The main varieties are: cangxi snow pear, baozhu pear, yellow flower, purple crispy pear and so on.

② Japan and South Korea sand pear class. Mainly distributed in Japan's Tottori, Fukushima, Chiba, Nagano; South Korea's Luozhou and other central areas. In recent years in China's Yellow River and the Yangtze River in the middle and lower reaches of the introduction of the development of more. Japan and South Korea sand pear most of the weak branching force, branch class less, sparse crown, but strong budding force, buds more precocious, easy to become flowers, short fruiting branch results more, and can be continuous results, and the young tree results in early, high yield, suitable for dense planting cultivation.

Most of the varieties in this group have thick and large leaves with deep color, which is good for nutrient accumulation and flower bud formation. Fruit flesh is crisp and tender, fine and sweet, juicy, better quality, currently enjoys a high reputation in the Hong Kong market. But most varieties of storage performance is poor.

The main representative varieties of Japan and South Korea pear are new water, fortunate water, abundant water, the twentieth century, the new century, the new high, late three Ji, golden pear, round yellow pear, Huashan pear and so on.

(4) Xinjiang pear

distributed in China's Xinjiang and Gansu hexi corridor area. The main characteristic is the plant is tall, branchlets purple-brown, with white lenticels. Buds ovoid, acute. Leaf blade ovoid, elliptic to broadly ovate, apex shortly acuminate, base rounded, a few broadly cuneate, margins sharply serrate in upper half, nearly entire or shallowly serrate in lower half. Fruit ovoid or obovoid, sepals erect and persistent, 5 ventricles, fruiting center large, stone cells. The fruit shape of this species is similar to that of western pears, but the fruiting peduncle is especially long and the leaf blade is characterized by fine sharp serration. Such as Xinjiang's Amut, Gansu's flower long handle.

(5) western pear

This kind of natural distribution area is very wide, the whole of Europe have distribution. In our country cultivation area is small, shandong yantai and liaoning brigade area has concentrated cultivation. Its main features are: strong upright branches, crown wide conical, there are a few varieties of soft branches easy to droop open. Branches gray-yellow or purple-brown, shoots smooth and hairless. Leaf blade is small, leaf edge is rounded obtuse serration or serration is not obvious. Fruits are mostly sarcocarp-shaped, a few rounded, yellow or greenish yellow; fruiting pedicels short and thick, sepals persistent and more involute. Fruits need to be ripened before eating, after ripening the flesh is fine and soft, few stone cells, easy to dissolve in the mouth, often with aroma. More intolerant of storage and inconvenient transportation, after ripening, if not eaten quickly rot. The kind of cold resistance is weak, susceptible to rot disease. The main representative varieties are pear, three season pear, pear, pear, Kongde pear, red pear, red Kaomisi, red Anjiu and so on.