Angelica dahurica, also known as Angelica dahurica, Angelica dahurica, Angelica dahurica and Angelica dahurica, belongs to Umbelliferae. Angelica dahurica likes mild and humid climate and sunny environment, and it does not grow well in shady environment. Angelica dahurica's main roots are deep and long, so it requires deep, loose, fertile soil with good drainage and sand. There are many kinds of Angelica dahurica, such as Kuye Angelica dahurica (Sichuan Angelica dahurica) mainly produced in Sichuan, Hangzhou Angelica dahurica (Xiang Angelica dahurica) mainly produced in Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other provinces.

Angelica dahurica is a perennial herb, and its plants are tall, reaching 2-2.5 meters. Roots stout, conical. The stem is thick, hollow and with thin longitudinal edges. Dense pilose near inflorescence. Leaves alternate. The lower leaves are large, with 2~3 pinnate splits, and the edges are densely covered with sharp double serrations. Finally, the lobes are ovate to oblong, with sharp tips, and the base of the petiole is extended into a large sheath. The upper lobe is gradually simplified into a sheath. Compound umbel with 1~27 rays. Small flowers are yellow and green. 5 petals, ovate-lanceolate, apex recurved. Filaments are slender and stick out of the corolla.

planting techniques of angelica dahurica

1. site selection and soil preparation

angelica dahurica should be cultivated on flat land. It is better to use sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose and fertile soil. The previous crops are generally rice, corn, sorghum, cotton and so on.

after the previous crop is harvested, apply decomposed compost per mu, or 3-5 kg of manure, 1 kg of cake fertilizer and 5 kg of phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer. Then, ploughing, about 25-3 cm deep, leveling and raking, and making a high border. Generally, the border is 1.2-1.5m wide and 12-2cm high. Generally speaking, Sichuan producing areas are not used for cultivation.

2. Planting techniques of Angelica dahurica

1. Cultivating seeds. Angelica dahurica is propagated by seeds, which can be selected by single plant, transplanted and reserved in situ. The former method is often used in production, usually when Angelica dahurica is harvested and dug. Sichuan selected Angelica dahurica with strong and disease-free main roots as the seed. In Henan and Hebei, Angelica dahurica with slender roots, small reed heads, no need for roots, fine skin and white skin is selected as seeds. Before transplanting, cut off the leaves and plant them according to the spacing between rows and plants of 5-7cm. Weeding and fertilization are carried out in winter and the following spring. From June to July, the seeds gradually mature, and when the peel turns yellow-green (yellow-white in Henan), they can be harvested in batches together with the fruit preface, then spread in a ventilated and dry place, dried and threshed, and the impurities are removed for later use.

2. sow. Sowing dates can be divided into autumn sowing and spring sowing, with autumn sowing being the best. Autumn sowing in Henan is before and after Bailu, Hebei is between summer and Bailu, Sichuan is between Bailu and autumnal equinox, and Zhejiang is 1 days before cold dew. The autumnal equinox to cold dew is suitable in high temperature areas, and the planting is too early. The plants of Angelica dahurica grew too vigorously in that year, and some plants came out early in the second year, so the root lignification could not be used for medicine. Sowing too late, less precipitation in winter, lower temperature, not easy to germinate after sowing, affecting growth.

sowing method. Drill sowing and hole sowing can be used. Zhejiang, Henan and Hebei are drill sowing, with row spacing of 13-2-27 cm, ditching of 1-1.5 cm and 1-1.5 kg of seeds per mu. After sowing, flatten the border and water it to keep the soil moist. Sichuan uses hole sowing, with a row spacing of 3-33 cm, a hole spacing of 23-27 cm and a flat hole bottom. The sowing amount per mu is .5-.8kg.. After sowing, the soil is not covered, and then diluted human and animal manure water is applied, about 1 kilograms per mu, and then covered with plant ash mixed with human and animal manure water, so that no seeds are exposed. Then use wooden boards to suppress or lightly tread, so that the seeds are closely connected with the soil to facilitate germination. Seedling can emerge in 15-2 days.

3. Field management of planting Angelica dahurica

1. Spacing seedlings. After emergence, the plant height is 4-7 hectares, and the seedling can be thinned for 1-2 times. 5-8 seedlings are reserved for hole sowing, and 1 seedling is reserved for drill sowing every 7-1 cm. Seedlings are fixed according to the plant spacing of 1-12 cm. When thinning seedlings, leave strong seedlings with purple petioles or flat plant bases, and leave triangular or plum blossom shapes for ventilation and light transmission.

2. loosen the soil and weed. Weeding should be carried out in combination with thinning seedlings. Weeding at seedling stage should be carried out by hand shovel or shallow hoe, and weeding can be carried out in intertillage later, so that the soil in the field is loose and weed-free, which is beneficial to growth.

3. Fertilize. Generally, topdressing is 3-4 times, and the first and second times are carried out after thinning and intertillage. Apply 1,5-2, kilograms of diluted human and animal manure per mu at a time. The third time was after the seedlings were fixed, and 2-3 kg of human and animal manure was applied per mu, and 3 kg of urea was added. Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, the fourth topdressing was carried out, and 2-3 kg of human and animal manure was applied per mu, 15 kg of plant ash was applied, and then the soil was cultivated. After the first sowing in March, the second weeding in April and the third fertilization in front of long summer in Zhejiang. Generally, ring fertilizer is applied in winter. Fertilization should be paid attention to less application in the current year, so as to prevent excessive growth and early bolting and civilized. In the second year, it should be more, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, to promote the roots to be strong.

4. Irrigation and drainage. The soil of Angelica dahurica is dry after sowing, so it should be irrigated in time to keep the soil moist so as to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. During the growing period, in case of drought, water should be given in time to ensure the growth of plants. When there is too much rain or water accumulated in the field, water should be drained in time to prevent diseases or rotten roots.

4. Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests of Angelica dahurica

1. Diseases

① Spot blight. Also known as white spot disease and leaf spot disease, it is a kind of semi-knowledge fungus in fungi. Harm the leaves. The lesions are small at first, dark green at first, and gray after expansion. In severe cases, the lesions converge into polygonal large spots. In the later stage, small black spots (i.e., pathogen conidia) were densely grown on the diseased leaves, and the leaves died partially or completely. It usually starts in May until the harvest. Too much nitrogen fertilizer and too dense plants are also prone to disease. Prevention and control methods. Select robust and disease-free plants to keep seeds. After harvesting Angelica dahurica, remove the diseased plants and roots in the residual soil, and burn them centrally. At the early stage of the disease, remove the diseased leaves and spray 1∶1∶1 Bordeaux mixture for 1-2 times.

② purple feather disease. It is a kind of pathogen in fungi, and purple hyphae are often entangled on the main roots, causing root epidermis to rot. In poor drainage or wet low-lying land, the disease is serious. Prevention and control methods. Make a high ridge to facilitate drainage; 7% quintozene powder, 2 kg per mu and 2 kg of plant ash, was evenly mixed and applied to the soil, and soil preparation was carried out for many times; You can also use 7% dixone wettable powder (2kg per mu) and water (2,kg) to pour the surface of the border, and then prepare the soil for sowing after the soil is dry.

③ Rhizoctonia solani. It is a kind of half-knowledge fungus, which mostly occurs in rainy days in early spring, with heavy soil and poor air permeability. At the early stage of the disease, yellow-brown spots appeared at the base of the seedlings, and then the base was brown and annular, shrinking and sunken until the plants died. Prevention and control methods. Choose sandy loam for planting, and eliminate stagnant water in time; At the initial stage of the disease, it was perfused with 5% lime water once every 7 days for 3-4 consecutive times, or with 1∶25 fine soil of pentachloronitrobenzene, which was scattered around the diseased plants.

④ black spot disease. Black spots appear on leaves in autumn, and prevention methods. Remove diseased leaves or spray 1: 1: 12 Bordeaux mixture for 1-2 times.

2. Pests

Yellow-winged fennel moth, yellow-winged butterfly, aphid and red spider harm leaves. Prevention and control methods. Spraying with 1 times of 9% crystal trichlorfon or 2 times of 4% dimethoate EC.

① black mouth. Harm the roots. Prevention and control methods. Water the soil around the roots of plants with 1 times of 25% ammonium sulfite emulsifiable concentrate.

② heart eaters. Biting seeds often leads to the failure of seed particles. Prevention and control methods. Spray with 9% crystal trichlorfon 1 times solution.

③ cutworms. Harm to young stems of plants. Prevention and control methods. Trapped and killed by artificial killing or poisonous bait.