1. What is an oil sunflower? Oil sunflower is short for oil sunflower. Sunflowers can be divided into two types according to their uses, one is oil sunflower (oil sunflower) and the other is edible sunflower (edible sunflower). There are two kinds of oil sunflower, one is a conventional variety with irregular characteristic plants, which can keep their own seeds and can still be planted in the next year. But the yield is low and the oil content is low. One is hybrid, which is what we call oil sunflower. Oil sunflower is tall, 150- 170 cm, with thin basal stems and short growth period. Generally, spring sowing 100- 1 10 days, summer sowing for 85-90 days, and the sowing period is long, from late March to middle and late July. The seed is small, the skin is thin, the shell rate is between 20-30%, and the oil content is above 45%. The seed skin is black and the kernel is full; Strong resistance to pests and diseases, seeds are mainly used for oil extraction. Oil sunflower has strong adaptability and high yield, which can reach 600 kg/mu, with an output value of 500- 1000 yuan; Good oil quality; Management saves labor, fertilizer, water and low cost. Oil sunflower is full of treasures, oil sunflower cake is a good protein feed for livestock, and oil sunflower broken plate is an excellent roughage for pigs. Straw can be used to make fiberboard, make paper, make fuel and extract pectin. Second, the nutritional value is high. Sunflower seeds are rich in unsaturated fatty acid-linoleic acid, the content of which is as high as 58%-69%, which plays the role of "scavenger" in the human body and can remove "garbage" in the body; Sunflower seed oil is rich in vitamin E and contains no erucic acid, cholesterol and aflatoxin. It has the effects of light taste, appetizing, moistening lung, tonifying deficiency, caring skin and reducing blood fat. Long-term consumption has health care effect on human body. According to nutritionists' research and analysis, children often eat it, which is helpful for growth and development, brain strengthening and intelligence improvement; Pregnant women often eat it, which is conducive to the growth rate of the fetus and breast milk, and has an auxiliary effect on the treatment of "gestational diabetes"; Regular consumption by middle-aged and elderly people helps to reduce cholesterol, hypertension and high fat, and helps to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and other "rich diseases". Third, the planting benefit is good. Oil sunflower has strong adaptability and can be used for rough tillage and rough seed. Clear the seeds. Intercropping and interplanting are all planting, with less pests and diseases, lodging resistance, drought resistance and light tolerance, and no waterlogging. Planting in our county, oil sunflower sowing in spring, the whole growth period is about 95 days, suitable for sowing from mid-February to early March; Sow in summer for about 90 days, and it is suitable to sow in early to late July. In the spring of 2005, the Great Wall brand Nuokui 2 12 was introduced to our county, and the trial planting demonstration was successful in Wuxuan Town and Siling Township. Although it was affected by severe rainy weather for more than 40 days during flowering and filling, the yield per mu was still 160 kg. In the second half of the year, the grassland and Siling in Wuxuan Town continued to expand the demonstration area. Despite the serious shortage of seedlings caused by the continuous drought in summer and autumn (there is hardly a drop of rain after sowing), many farmers still achieved a yield of about 130 kg per mu, and their drought tolerance and high yield have been recognized by the majority of planting farmers. The oil yield of sunflower seed oil (the same as peanut oil): 42% at Siling point and 38-39% at Caochang point. At present, a farmer in Luorong Town of Luzhai has a high planting yield, which was planted in early July 2004, with an yield of 280 kg per mu, which has great potential for increasing production. At present, the market price of sunflower seed oil is 16-20 yuan/kg, and sunflower seed bran is 2 yuan/kg. The yield per mu of oil sunflower can reach150-250kg, and the output value per mu can reach about 1200 yuan. If the production cost is reduced by 240-250 yuan/mu, the net income per mu can reach 950 yuan. Planting oil sunflower can not only solve the problem of eating oil in some areas of our county, but also meet the health care needs pursued by people with the improvement of living standards. The market prospect is very promising. It is also a new way for our county to explore oil production and develop farmers' short-term and quick-getting-rich projects. Fourth, the main points of cultivation. 1. Prepare for ploughing and seed preparation, and apply sufficient base fertilizer: before ploughing, water the soil as much as possible, and lightly apply phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphodiamine 10- 16 kg or urea 20 kg and calcium superphosphate 40 kg can be applied per mu, and another mu can be applied100-. 2. Sowing: The principle of "sowing early in spring and sowing late in summer" should be followed, so that the mature period of spring sowing oil sunflower and the summer sowing oil sunflower can avoid high temperature and high humidity weather and avoid losses caused by rotten discs and poor pollination. The suitable time for spring sowing is from late March to early April, and summer sowing is from early June to early July. If the spring sowing is covered with plastic film, it can be sown on March 10-20. The density is 3500-4000 plants per mu, and the sowing method can be 2 feet in row spacing and 0.8 feet in plant spacing, and the sowing depth is about 1 inch. 3, water and fertilizer management: 2, 3 pairs of true leaves combined with intertillage weeding seedlings, now combined with watering mu of urea 10 kg. 0.2% urea solution or 300 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate or diamine solution can be sprayed at flowering and filling stage. Pay attention to topdressing, and the amount of fertilizer should not be too large or too close to the plant (generally 15cm), otherwise, because the disk is too large, it is easy to lodging and rot, resulting in reduced production. 4. Pest control: using dichlorvos EC or phosphorus powder as toxic soil can control underground pests; Pyrethroid insecticides such as diphtheria can be sprayed at bud stage and after pollination to control Borrelia borealis. It should be noted that spraying drugs is not allowed from the beginning of flowering to the end of flowering about 15 days, so as not to kill bees and cause poor pollination. 5. Harvesting: the back of the sunflower disc turns yellow, the bracts turn brown, and the stems are harvested when they are yellow and old. After harvesting, it should be cooled in time and not piled together to prevent mildew.