Eggplant as our most common vegetables, spring crop open field eggplant as the most common, one of the most primitive cultivation methods, planting a wide range. However, due to the spring crop open field cultivation seedling period in winter, it is very easy to appear? The first thing you need to do is to get rid of the seedling. and other phenomena, next I will say that spring eggplant seedling period occurs? Stiff seedling? Phenomenon of the causes and open field spring eggplant efficient cultivation techniques.

A, spring eggplant seedling? The reason for this phenomenon is that it is not a good idea to have a good seedling. The phenomenon

Spring eggplant seedlings appear? The first is to make sure that you have a good understanding of what you are doing and how you are doing it. The phenomenon is often encountered in winter nursery problems, especially in the sun bed nursery,? The phenomenon is more common. The phenomenon is more common.

1, spring eggplant seedlings? The first is to make the seedling of the eggplant in the spring.

When the growth and development of seedlings is excessively inhibited, it will show a thin and hard stem, shortening of the internode of the seedling plant, the leaves are small and yellow, and the roots are aging and turning brown. Stiff seedlings? The phenomenon will lead to eggplant seedlings in the planting of new root difficulties, slow growth, delayed fertility, delayed flowering and fruiting, shorter fruiting period, the plant is prone to early early decline.

2, spring eggplant seedlings? The seedling stiffness?

Causing the spring eggplant seedling? The main cause of the phenomenon is the seedbed temperature. The main reason for the phenomenon of low seedbed temperature, bed soil is too dry, seedbed soil in the nutrient content is low, the seedling age period is too long, squatting excessive water control and so on.

In the nursery period due to the fear of excessive control of water seedlings grow, the most likely cause seedlings? Stagnant seedlings? In addition, in the use of seedling potting seedlings, due to isolation from groundwater, watering if not timely, it is easy to cause the seedbed soil is too dry and become? Stagnant seedlings?

3, prevent spring eggplant seedlings? The seedling of spring eggplant? preventive measures

Avoid in the production of? The main preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of the phenomenon is to prevent the occurrence of the phenomenon. The phenomenon of the main preventive measures is to choose loose, good permeability of fertile soil preparation nutrient soil; the use of well-rotted organic fertilizer, improve the ground temperature; seedling spraying foliar fertilizer, timely and appropriate amount of watering, so as not to reduce the temperature of the seedbed and the ground temperature; the seedling age period should not be too long in the seedling nursery late in the day to properly strengthen the ventilation, the principle of controlling the temperature is not to control the water, planting to pay attention to refining the seedling before.

If? phenomenon has occurred, first of all to give the seedlings appropriate temperature and water, to promote the normal growth of seedlings; if the seedlings in the nursery is used in the sun bed nursery, to try to raise the ground temperature of the seedbed, appropriate watering and insulation. In addition, it can also be done by the ? stiff seedlings? Spraying 10~30 mg/kg gibberellin, about 100 grams of diluted solution per square meter, about 7 days after spraying has the effect of significant stimulation of growth.

Two, spring eggplant open field cultivation management measures

Spring eggplant open field cultivation is generally used in the way of mulching cultivation, mulching can be for the eggplant root development to create a good growth environment, thus promoting the eggplant of the early maturity and yield.

1, sowing seedling

Sowing seedling management work is mainly the selection of varieties and cultivate strong seedling.

(1) Variety selection

Early spring open field cultivation due to the characteristics of the pre-temperature low temperature late high temperature, so in the choice of varieties should be selected early, cold, heat-resistant, disease-resistant varieties, and should also take into account the local habits of consumption and the market to choose the marketable varieties of good eggplant.

(2) cultivate strong seedlings

Early spring open field eggplant cultivation seedlings are generally prepared in early February seedbed soil sowing, because the seedling period is in the cold winter season, so the general use of greenhouses or hotbeds seedling. In the middle and early March with nutrient bowl seedling planting, this period due to the climate environment is not good, easy to appear stiff seedlings, therefore, should be heated greenhouse or with electric hotbed nursery, and should be watered at the right time. mid-April or so refining of the seedling. Southern regions generally in late April, northern regions in early May in the seedlings buds, such as the end of the late frost transplanting and planting to the field inside.

2, planting before the preparatory work

Before planting the first to fertilize the ground, make beds and laying film.

(1) fertilization of the ground

Select good water and fertilizer retention performance, deep and loose soil, well-drained, organic matter rich in winter or spring vegetable land, after the harvest of the previous crop to remove the field residues, in the previous autumn and winter seasons, in the formation of the ground can be 50% of the basal fertilizer sprinkled after tilling, tilling depth 30cm The depth of plowing is about 30 centimeters. The remaining 50% of the basal fertilizer is concentrated in furrows between the rows. Each mu of rotting stable fertilizer 5000 ~ 7000 kg, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 200 kg of grass ash or cake fertilizer 100 kg, plus boron, zinc fertilizer 1 kg each.

(2) make border

Different places due to different cultivation methods, the way to make the border is also different: the southern region is mostly used in the deep ditch and narrow border, the general width of the border is 1.3 to 2 meters, the depth of the ditch is 20 to 30 centimeters; Beijing and Tianjin area is generally made into a small high border, the border height of 10 to 15 centimeters, the width of 60 to 65 centimeters, planted in two rows; the northeastern region is the The first ditch fertilizer made into a 150 cm wide ridge, each ridge after cradling flat into a 1 m wide small raised bed, take the method of open ditch, a bed planted two rows. In the actual cultivation of species, should be determined according to local conditions.

(3) mulch film

Because of the low temperatures in early spring, mulch film is conducive to the growth and development of eggplant. Before covering the film, first use 50% of the grass to water to prevent weeds on the border. The film is spread about 7 days before planting, which can increase the ground temperature.

3, transplanting planting

(1) eggplant planting period to determine

Due to the different climatic conditions around the world, in determining the planting period, generally in the local spring after the end of the frost, the cultivation layer of 10 cm of the ground temperature stabilized at more than 13 ℃ is the best time to planting. Avoid frost or cold damage to eggplant because of early planting. However, in order to strive for the early maturity of the eggplant, in the case of not affecting the growth and development of the early planting and early harvest as much as possible.

(2) planting density

Reasonable planting density is a guarantee of high yield, in the planting, according to the characteristics of the varieties, the degree of development of plants, soil fertility and other characteristics of the reasonable determination of the planting density, the general maximum variance of each acre of between 2000 ~ 5000 plants.

Early maturing varieties are more compact than late maturing varieties, suitable for dense planting; branching capacity of weak varieties than the plant to carry out large varieties of dense planting, to a certain extent, can achieve the effect of increased yield, but too dense is counterproductive. General early maturing varieties 2500~3000 plants per mu; medium maturing varieties 2200~2500 plants; late maturing varieties 2000~2500 plants.

(3) planting method

Pick windless sunny day planting can be conducive to slowing down, due to the eggplant root capacity is weak, planting should try to take the soil transplantation, avoid planting wet soil, wet soil transplantation slow slow, unfavorable to the root and not easy to survive. The planting method of the southern region and the northern region there are differences.

Northern regions: northern regions due to spring drought, more dark water stabilization of planting, that is, set off a planting ditch, watering the ditch, when the water has not yet seeped down, the seedlings in accordance with the predetermined spacing gently into the ditch, and so the water seeped down to the congestion and mulching beds. Southern region: most of the first hole after planting, and then watering method.

Planting, transplanting depth should be appropriate depth, too deep due to low ground temperature, is not conducive to root growth and slow seedling; too shallow will lead to rooting instability. The general thickness of mulch to maintain the cotyledonary node level shall prevail, for long seedlings can be planted along the trend of deep planting or prone planting, in the plant stem growth of adventitious roots.

4, after planting field management

Eggplant in the planting, field management is mainly watering, plowing, weeding fertilizer, soil, frame, straightening, to prevent the fall of flowers and fruits and pest control.

(1) reasonable fertilizer

Eggplant is a fertilizer crop, the whole growing period need more fertilizer, so according to the different growing period should focus on the fertilizer.

①After survival and before flowering

This stage of the fertilizer to? The main purpose of this stage is to promote the development of the plant. mainly to lay a good foundation for flowering and fruiting. In the seedling after slowing down seedlings can be applied manure or chemical fertilizer for seedling lifting. It is advisable to apply light manure diligently, generally combined with shallow plowing. In the morning of a sunny day, available 20% ~ 30% of human and animal feces watering eggplant seedlings; rainy days can be applied urea, urea 10 ~ 15 kg per acre, or 40% ~ 50% of human and animal feces liquid spot hole into. Fertilizer every 3~5 days, until the eggplant before flowering.

②After flowering to the door eggplant before fruiting

This period to? The control? mainly, appropriate control of fertilizer and water supply, conducive to flowering and fruiting. If the plant grows well, it can be completely free of fertilizer; if the plant grows weakly, it can be watered once in the morning on a sunny day with 10%~20% human and animal manure.

Before the door eggplant gazelle, management should take plowing squatting seedlings, appropriate control due to excessive nutrient growth caused by seedlings crazy. After pouring 1~2 times of slow water, it is necessary to plow and loosen the soil and weed, to prevent soil sloughing and overgrown weeds, in order to promote the rapid growth of the root system. Plowing should be 5~6 cm deep between the rows, around the eggplant should be shallow plowing, loosening the topsoil can be.

The eggplant should be squatted after plowing to promote the development of the root system and control the growth of stems and leaves to accelerate the flowering and fruiting of the plant, squatting should be flexible according to the actual situation. If you use a large seedling planting, you can not squat or less squat. In the eggplant after slowing down, 50% of the plants before flowering, the soil fertility is poor, the basal fertilizer applied less fields can be fertilized, the application of dilute manure 500 kg, or the application of urea or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizer 10 kg, fertilizer applied to the eggplant from the eggplant root system of the 6-7 cm in the ditch bed, and then watering, mulching.

The weak growth of the eggplant early varieties, can be used to raise seedling fertilizer, can promote early planting, to avoid the phenomenon of flower and fruit drop .

In the eggplant flowering can be applied 2,4-D, anti-fall and other plant growth regulators to protect flowers and fruits.

3 door eggplant after sitting to four door fighting eggplant harvest

After the door eggplant sitting, the gradual increase in the demand for fertilizer, at this time should be timely watering and fertilization, per mu of manure and urine 500~1000 kg or diammonium phosphate 15 kg. In the pair of eggplant and four door fighting eggplant successive fruit expansion, the demand for fertilizer reached its peak.

In the pair of eggplant? Gazelle? After, to reapply 1 time manure or fertilizer, mu about 5000 kg of human urine or urea 15 ~ 20 kg, can be poured with water.

Four Door Doo eggplant fruit expansion, to reapply 1 time manure or nitrogen fertilizer. From the door eggplant? gazelle? After, every 2~3 days fertilizer 1 time about 35% of human and animal manure, can also be buried in the rain before the application of urea and potash, urea and potash according to the ratio of 1:1, 30~40 kg per acre of fertilizer, the entire fruiting period can be buried in the application of 2~3 times.

④Four Door Doo eggplant after harvest

This time the weather has been hot, mainly to watering, generally about 25% of the light fecal water water, should be done for each harvest 1 eggplant after applying 1 fecal water. In the late fruit, the root system absorption weak fertilizer absorption capacity is poor, can be supplemented by foliar fertilization, generally in the evening on a sunny day spraying 0.2% of urea solution and 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.

(2) water management

Eggplant in the growth and development of the appropriate relative humidity of the soil to 70% ~ 80% or so appropriate. The pre-growth period requires less water, when the soil is dry, usually combined with fertilizer watering. In order to prevent flower drop, the first flower open to control water, door eggplant? Gaze? After that indicates that the fruit has been seated, to water in time to promote fruit growth.

The period of expansion of the eggplant and the four door bucket sitting fruit is the period of the plant needs the most water, this time to frequent watering, so that the soil is kept moist, to the topsoil to see the wet is appropriate, generally 5 ~ 7 days of watering, or every harvest 1 ~ 2 times after watering, such as the weather is too dry, the amount of watering should be increased and the number of times of watering.

(3) Plowing and cultivating the soil

In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the spring is rainy, and the soil should be plowed and loosened in a timely manner to prevent soil crusting. Plowing is generally combined with weeding, in order not to hurt the root system and loosen the soil, generally 3 to 4 times. Before the plant closes the rows of a large plowing, digging 10~15 cm deep, soil cultivation should be large, in order to facilitate aeration and cool water. Combined with this plowing, if the base fertilizer is insufficient, can be supplemented with rotted cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer, and soil cultivation, prevention and control of plant collapse. After the plants closed the rows, there will be no more plowing.

Mulch covered as long as the soil surface is not weeds, generally do not need to plow, weed and soil.

(4) whole branch centering

Eggplant branching is more regular, leaf axil branching ability is poor, generally do not need to straighten, but in order to reduce the consumption of nutrients, to improve the permeability between plants, should be in the door eggplant? Gazelle? before erasing useless lateral branches. Generally early maturing varieties with three branches, that is, in addition to leaving the main branch, in the main stem of the first inflorescence under the first and second leaf axils of the two more powerful lateral branches are retained, and the rest of the erase. Eggplant in the 7-leaf stage or 5-leaf stage picking, can greatly improve the yield.

5, timely harvest

Early maturing varieties of eggplant from flowering to harvesting young fruits about 20 to 25 days, some varieties only need 16 to 18 days, timely harvesting can prevent early plant failure and improve yield. Harvest time in the morning is good, harvested eggplant is not only tender but also conducive to storage and transportation.

Open-air spring eggplant in the cultivation process, pay attention to the emergence of seedlings and planting after the period of water and fertilizer supply as well as the management of soil cultivation, the management of the implementation of the work in place, then high-yield is a matter of water to the canal.