2 Factors related to the occurrence of atherosclerosis There are many factors that can easily lead to atherosclerosis, among which:
1, age: diseases are more common in people over 40 years old. The occurrence of atherosclerosis can begin in children, and the incidence of coronary heart disease increases with age;
Sex: Male is more common, and the ratio of male to female incidence is about 2∶ 1. Because estrogen has anti-atherosclerosis effect, the incidence rate of women increases rapidly after menopause;
3. Family history: those with family history of coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia have an increased incidence of coronary heart disease;
4. Hypertension: an important risk factor for coronary heart disease;
5, smoking;
6, hyperlipidemia;
7, diabetes
3 Clinical manifestations of coronary atherosclerosis 1, angina pectoris: A common clinical syndrome caused by acute and temporary myocardial ischemia and hypoxia. Angina pectoris can be caused by a temporary increase in myocardial oxygen consumption, which exceeds the oxygen provided by the already narrow coronary artery, or by insufficient myocardial oxygen supply caused by coronary artery spasm.
2. Myocardial infarction: A large range of myocardial necrosis caused by continuous ischemia in the blood supply area due to the interruption of coronary blood supply. There is severe and persistent retrosternal pain in clinic, which can not be completely relieved by nitrate preparation or after rest, and may be complicated with arrhythmia, shock or heart failure.
Type: (1) subendocardial myocardial infarction (2) transmural myocardial infarction.
3. Myocardial fibrosis: Myocardial fibrosis is the result of myocardial fiber oxygen caused by moderate-severe coronary atherosclerotic stenosis, and it is a chronic ischemic heart disease that gradually develops into heart failure.
4. Coronary sudden death: It is the most common type of sudden cardiac death. It is more common in adults aged 40-50, with 3.9 times more males than females. Sudden death refers to natural and unexpected sudden death. Coronary sudden death can occur after some inducement, such as drinking, fatigue, smoking and exercise, the patient suddenly fainted, limbs twitched, urinary incontinence, or sudden dyspnea, foaming at the mouth, and rapid coma. They can die immediately or after a few hours, and some die in their sleep at night.
4 Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is very complicated, which is the result of repeated action of many factors for a long time. One theory suggests that repeated damage to the inner wall or endothelial cell layer of coronary artery is the most fundamental pathological basis of coronary atherosclerosis, and its change is that smooth muscle in the intima of blood vessel moves and proliferates, and then collagen fibers, elastic fibers proliferate and glycoprotein accumulate, and then fibrolipid plaques are formed.
Other theories about atherosclerosis include: lipid infiltration theory, thrombosis and platelet aggregation theory, injury response theory, monoclonal theory,