Pholiota is an animal of Gastropoda and Pholiota. The shell is ovoid, with a shell length of 1-25 cm. The front water pipe ditch is open, and the shaft lip fold is either present or absent. There are spiral veins or longitudinal ribs on the shell surface. The flap is horny, and the core is at the center or lower end. Distributed in Indonesia, Malaysia and Taiwan Province.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Phoenix snail Latin scientific name: Babylonia spirata? Nickname: flower snail? , sweet snail, Japanese phoenix snail, deep ditch phoenix snail kingdom: Animalia: mollusca: Gastropoda: Prebranchiae: Gastropoda: Pholioidea: Pholiotidae Nomenclature:? Linnaeus, 1758 morphological characteristics, distribution range, population status, morphological characteristics The shell is ovoid, with a shell length of 1-25 cm. The front water pipe ditch is open, and the shaft lip fold is either present or absent. There are spiral veins or longitudinal ribs on the shell surface. The flap is horny, and the core is at the center or lower end. The central tooth of the tongue is square, with more than three tips, the lateral teeth have two big tips, and there are 0-5 small teeth between the tips. Distribution range: Indonesia, Malaysia and Taiwan Province are widely distributed in the world, mainly in the Taiwan Province Strait, Mosquito Pit in Gongliao Township, Taipei County, Nankun in Tainan County to Fangliao in Pingtung County, Kyauting in Kaohsiung County, Hongmao Port, the northern waters of Penghu, Suao in Yilan County, Wujie in Yilan County, Anping in Tainan City, Donggang in Pingtung County, Kinmen, Little Ryukyu and Taiwan Province Phoenix. There are three main species in China, Babylonia areolata, Babylonia lutosa and Babylonia spirata from Taiwan Province, which are basically divided into "short tail" and "long tail". Babylonia quadrata and Babylonia Taiwan Province belong to "short tail", and their morphology, habits and growth environment are almost the same, but the difference is only in patterns and distribution areas, while Babylonia Spirata belongs to dry "long tail". Taiwan Province Babylonia and Babylonia are considered as one of the most promising varieties of marine culture, which have been accepted by farmers in the southeast coast in recent years and gradually formed a production scale. From 2000 to 2002, the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute carried out scientific research experiments on artificial breeding of Babylonia in Guangdong coastal areas. This paper reported the development of Babylonia and Babylonia in Taiwan Province, aiming at providing scientific and technological guarantee for the sustainable development of Babylonia aquaculture industry in the future. 1, biological characteristics 1. 1 habitat1.1distribution: [[vertical distribution]] in the water depth of several meters to tens of meters under the tide. 1. 1.2 sediment: the sediments of Taiwan Province Babylonia and Babylonia areolata are mainly sandy, and Babylonia mud inhabits the sediment. 1. 1.3 Adaptability to water temperature, [[salinity]] and pH value14 ~ 33℃, and the optimum water temperature is 23 ~ 30℃; The adaptive range of salinity is14 ~ 34, and when the salinity is lower than 12, a large number of people die. The adaptive range of pH value is 8.0 ~ 8.4. 1.2 Mobility Habits The activity of the phoenix snail has the habit of going out at night, lurking in the sand and mud during the day and exposing the water pipe, and foraging around at night. The activity is crawling, and it can slide with the help of mucus secreted by the abdominal foot. Young snails cultivated indoors often climb out of the water and attach to the pond wall. Phoenix snail has obvious migration habit. 1.3 feeding 1.3. 1 larval feeding in artificial breeding, the larvae of Oncomelania hupensis developed into D-shaped larvae 1.3. 1 larval feeding artificial breeding, and after the larvae developed into D-shaped larvae, they began to feed on Platymonassubcordiformis. 1.3.2 The young snails feed on minced fish (or crab and shrimp) as the staple food during the period of feeding on young snails. 1.3.3 Snail-eating staple foods such as fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish [[animal feed]]. In the running water state, the [[smell]] of the phoenix snail can reach 7 ~ 8 m; In still water, the sense of smell is only about1m. 1.4 growth habit 1.4. 1 larval growth water temperature is 24.0 ~ 27.0℃, and the larvae hatched by Babylonia areolata generally metamorphose into juvenile snails after 25 days of cultivation; After 22 days' cultivation, the larvae hatched from Taiwan Province Phoenix snail metamorphosed into juvenile snails. When Babylonia quadrata metamorphoses, the average shell height is 1300μm, and the average daily growth rate is 32.0μ m; The average shell height of Taiwan Province Phoenix snail during metamorphosis is 950μm, and the average daily growth is 24.5μm m.. 1.4.2 juvenile [[snail]] The long water temperature was 25.1~ 27.2℃. After 20 days of cultivation, the individual shell height increased from 1.5mm to 5.7mm, and the average daily increase of shell height was 0.21mm. After 20 days' cultivation, the individual shell height of Taiwan Province Pteria mellifera increased from 1.5mm to 5.8mm, with an average daily increase of 0.22 mm. 1.4.3 The growth temperature of the larvae was 22.0 ~ 25.5℃. After 44 days of shallow sea cage culture, the average shell height of the larvae increased from 8.5mm to 12.5mm, and the shell height increased by 2.7mm； every month. In cement pond culture, the average shell height of individuals increased from 8.5mm to 10.3mm, and the average shell height increased to10.2 mm every month. 1.5 reproductive habit 1.5. 1 sex, [[sexual maturity]] age Babylonia is [[dioecious]]. The male [[reproductive system]] is composed of [[testis]], [[vas deferens]], accessory glands and male * * * connectors. The female reproductive system is composed of [[ovary]], [[fallopian tube]], accessory glands, female organ, etc. It is generally difficult to distinguish their sex from their appearance. By anatomical examination, the color of their gonads shows that the female [[gonad]] is dark gray, while the male gonads are orange or fawn. Babylonia Babylonia is mated with male and female, and [[fertilized]] and [[fertilized egg]] are discharged from [[female]] in the oocyst to the water for further development. The sexual maturity age of Babylonia is 1 year. 1.5.2[[ Maturity period]] and the breeding period of Babylonia, which inhabits the coastal areas of Guangdong Province, are from April to September, which varies from place to place. When the water temperature in the area gradually rises to 25℃ every year, Babylonia will gradually enter the mature period and reproductive period; Generally, the maturity of males is slightly longer than that of females. In the breeding season, males and females can mate and reproduce many times, and the average annual number of female snails [[spawning]] is several hundred thousand. 1.5.3[[ Embryo development]] The adaptive water temperature and salinity of Babylonia Babylonica embryo development are related to the environmental conditions of their parents. According to our observation, under the condition of water temperature of 22.5 ~ 25.6℃ and micro-aeration, it takes 5 ~ 7 days for Babylonia Taiwan Province to complete embryo development and hatch in fertilized eggs. At the water temperature of 24.0 ~ 27.5℃, the average time for larvae to develop to attach and metamorphose into juvenile snails is 22 days. 2. Prospect of artificial culture of Taiwan Province Oncomelania hupensis and Babylonia quadrata. Oncomelania hupensis in Taiwan Province is mainly caught in the wild. Because Taiwan Province is mainly eaten in 15 ~40/kg, the breeding period takes about one and a half to two years, so the breeding cost and risk are relatively increased, and local consumers generally think that the taste of wild fishing is better than that of breeding, so that the number of Oncomelania hupensis farmers in Taiwan Province is relatively reduced. In general, the local Babylonia quadrata is mainly eaten at 50 ~ 70 per catty, and the breeding period is only about eight months to one year, which is relatively faster than that of Taiwan Province Babylonia, and the breeding cost and risk are relatively reduced. Therefore, almost all Babylonia quadrata in this area are cultivated, and the breeding atmosphere in southern coastal areas is increasing year by year in recent years. 2. 1 research overview1990 ~ 2002, domestic, Fujian Changle mussel farm, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Zhanjiang Ocean University and other units conducted research on the reproductive biology, ecological habits, artificial breeding and breeding techniques of Babylonia areolata, and published relevant papers. In recent years, the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute has made phased achievements in the research of artificial seedling raising and breeding of Babylonia quadrata. Experiments were carried out in Nan 'ao County, Guangdong Province in the first and middle of August, 2000. On September 5, statistics showed that the emergence of Babylonia quadrata was 8.03 million, and the average shell height of individuals was1~ 2mm. 2.2 Introduction to the culture technology of Babylonia quadrata At present, there are mainly three kinds of culture methods: pond culture, hanging cage culture and harbor purse seine culture. 2.2. 1 Pond culture uses both soil ponds and cement ponds. Poison pond and sun pond should be carried out in advance before stocking in soil pond. Inlet water should be filtered through the gate net to prevent fish, crabs, snails and other harmful organisms from entering the culture pond. The number of seedlings of Babylonia is 50,000 ~ 60,000 per mu, and the size is 0.5 ~1.5 cm. After stocking, the water quality should be kept relatively stable, and the [[intertidal zone]] soil pond should make full use of the twice-monthly spring tide period of the ocean to improve the water quality; The daily water exchange of cement pond culture is about 1/3. [[Feed]] Feed mixed fish, shellfish or shrimp in the morning and evening every day. Before feeding the feed, remove the bones and shells and chop them with a meat grinder or by hand. The daily feeding amount is 5 ~10% of the total weight of Babylonia, and the actual feeding amount on that day should depend on the residual bait amount. The aquaculture water depth is 60 ~100 cm. Can be raised singly or mixed with shrimp, fish and other shellfish. After 8 ~10 months, Babylonia quadrata can meet the market specifications. = = Dietotherapy value = = Drug name: Taiwan Province Babylonia. Source: Shellfish of Babylonia quadrata, a moth snail family. Efficacy: It can [[clear heat and cool blood]] and moisten dryness. Indications: It is used for [[epistaxis]], [[hemoptysis]] and stool [[dry knot]] with sweet taste and cool nature. Salty and cold. Liver, heart and stomach. Usage and dosage: edible: after obtaining, pour the snail into boiling water (pot) and take it out. Take a proper amount of snail meat and dry it in the sun or cook it directly with snail meat and white sugar. Alias: Phoenix snail and No.1 snail (Fauna of Medicinal Animals in China) Medicinal parts: its dried shells are used as medicine. Distribution of animal and plant resources: Babylonia is distributed in East China Sea, South China Sea and Taiwan Province area. Collection and storage of medicinal materials: after obtaining, pour the snail into boiling water (pot), cook it slightly, take it out, and take the meat to dry in the sun. Latin name: Babyloniaspirata. Drug name: Taiwan Province Babylonia, Babylonia quadrata Source: It is the shell of Babylonia quadrata, a moth snail family. Efficacy: make acid to relieve pain, remove dampness and heal sores. Indications: It can be used for liver-fire burning, epigastric pain, sores, scabies, eczema, and ulcers. Tropism of nature and taste: salty and cold. Liver, heart and stomach. Usage and dosage: oral administration: decoction, 15-25g. Alias: Phoenix snail and No.1 snail (Fauna of Medicinal Animals in China) Medicinal parts: its dried shells are used as medicine. Distribution of animal and plant resources: Babylonia quadrata is distributed in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Collection and storage of medicinal materials: trawling in autumn, slightly scalding in boiling water after catching, taking shells and drying in the sun. Raw or calcined. Latin name: Babyloniaareolata(Lamarck). Textual research: It was first published in Fauna of Medicinal Animals in China [[Classification: Ocean]] [[Classification: Animals]] {{Special template of Chinese herbal medicines}}