Winged beans are not frost tolerant in cultivation season, so the sowing date should be after late frost and the temperature should be above 20℃. Sowing can be done at any time from March to June in the southern region. April is suitable for North China. If covered with plastic film, it can be 7 ~10 days earlier. In northern China, for early harvest, early-maturing cultivation methods are often used. Generally, seedlings are raised in the sunny border or solar greenhouse from late February to early March, and then planted in the middle of April.

Planting method

Seedling raising and sowing winged beans can be propagated by seeds or tuberous roots. Generally, seed reproduction is the main method. The seed skin is hard and difficult to germinate. In order to improve the germination rate, the seeds should be treated. First, the seeds should be dried for1~ 2 days, then soaked in warm water at 55℃ for 15 minutes, then soaked in clear water for 24 hours, taken out, wrapped in wet gauze and germinated at 28 ~ 30℃. You can sow when the seeds are "white".

(1) direct seeding method, 45,000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to the cultivation field per hectare, and it is deeply ploughed and harrowed to form small high ridges. The ridge spacing is 80-85cm, holes are opened according to the hole spacing of 60-70cm, each hole is planted with 2-3 seeds, and covered with soil for 3-4cm.

(2) When the tuberous root is propagated, the moderately small tuberous root can be buried in the hole with the head up and covered with plastic film. Plant spacing is the same as above. This method germinates early and can blossom and bear fruit early.

(3) Seedling raising method: The seedbed should be built 5-7 days before sowing, covered with plastic film, and covered with grass stalks at night, so as to raise the ground temperature of the seedbed as much as possible. Irrigation before sowing, after the water seeps, cut the border surface into cubes of10cm×10cm with a long knife. You can also prepare nutrient soil, put it into a nutrient bowl with a diameter of 6 ~ 8 cm, and sow it in the nutrient bowl. When sowing, sow 2 seeds in the center of each clod or in a nutrition bowl. After sowing, cover with 2 cm thick fine soil. Immediately after sowing, cover the plastic film tightly, and cover the grass stalks at night to increase the temperature of the seedbed. Keep the seedbed temperature at 25 ~ 28℃ before emergence.

After emergence, the seedlings should be ventilated and tempered in time, and the seedbed temperature should be kept at 20 ~ 25℃ during the day and15 ~18℃ at night. If the soil is dry, it can be watered with small water1~ 2 times. With the increase of external air bladder, the ventilation volume is gradually increased. When the outside air temperature is stable above 15℃, remove all the plastic films. 5 ~ 7 days before planting, completely remove the plastic film. Grass mulch and other thermal insulation covers make the seedlings in the open field and carry out adaptive exercise. When the seedlings have 3 ~ 4 true leaves and the seedling age is about 30 ~ 35 days, they can be planted.

Transplanting and planting seedlings

When transplanting and planting seedlings, it should be sunny and warm, and after the late frost, the outside temperature should be stable above 15℃. When planting, be careful to raise seedlings and reduce root injury. The plant row spacing is 80-85cm, and the plant spacing is 30-35cm; Or 2 plants per hole, and the distance between holes is 60 cm. Protect 35,000 ~ 37,500 seedlings per hectare. In order to increase the ground temperature, ridge farming should be used. Ridge spacing and direct seeding method. After planting, water immediately and cover with plastic film. The row spacing of winged beans is very large, and the land utilization rate in the early stage is not high, which is easy to breed weeds. In order to prevent waste, some short, shade-tolerant and fast-growing leafy vegetables, such as rape and spinach, can be asked.

field management

(1) Spacing and replanting: During direct seeding, after 7-8 days of sowing, the seedlings are unearthed one after another, so it is necessary to check and replant the seedlings in time to ensure the whole seedlings. When the seedlings have 7-8 leaves, pull out the seedlings with weak growth potential and deformity, select and keep strong seedlings, and keep 2 seedlings in each hole.

(2) intertillage and soil cultivation: winged bean grows slowly at seedling stage, so it is necessary to combine weeding and carry out shallow intertillage for1~ 2 times, so as to protect soil moisture and raise ground temperature. Tillage after bolting1~ 2 times. When the branches and leaves grow vigorously and the plants are closed, stop intertillage to avoid damaging the roots. For the last intertillage, the soil should be raised to a height of15 ~ 20cm to facilitate the formation of underground tuberous roots.

(3) Fertilizer and water management: In the seedling stage of winged bean, in order to promote vigorous growth, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied less. During the 5 ~ 6 leaf stage, apply urea150kg per hectare. Don't apply more nitrogen fertilizer in the period of vigorous vegetative growth, because the root system has strong nitrogen fixation ability, and applying more nitrogen fertilizer is easy to cause the stems and leaves to grow in vain, which will affect flowering and pod setting. At the time of budding, 7500 kg of plant ash and 450 kg of calcium superphosphate were applied per hectare, and holes were opened beside the plants. Spraying 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 7 ~10 days, applying compound fertilizer every10 ~15 days, and applying 225 ~ 300 kg per hectare. Winged beans like to be wet, so they should be watered frequently to keep the soil moist in the field and prevent drought. Generally, water is needed for 3 ~ 5 days in spring and summer. Drainage and flood prevention should be done in time in rainy season.

(4) Pruning and scaffolding: 30-40 days after emergence, at the beginning of the vine-pulling period, bamboo poles or wooden sticks should be used as supports in time to build a herringbone frame or tripod with a height of1.5 meters or more. Artificial tendrils are evenly distributed on the frame.

During the flowering and podding period of winged bean, the stem and leaf grow, blossom and podding, and the root swell compete for nutrients at the same time. In addition, the flowering period is long and there are many flowers. Due to insufficient nutrition supply, the flower and pod drop is very serious. The pod setting rate is only 2% ~ 4%. In order to prevent falling flowers and improve pod setting rate, plants should be adjusted reasonably and pruned and raked. Generally, in the early flowering period, the main vine is cored, which promotes the growth of lateral branches, reduces the flowering node, inhibits the overgrowth, promotes pod setting and reduces flower dropping. Picking should be carried out many times during the growth and pod setting period. For the second and third branches that are too dense, the side branches that are too vigorous and dense, the leaves that are too dense at the lower part, and the inflorescences that are too dense, they should also be picked as early as possible to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, save nutrients, and improve pod setting rate.

(5) harvesting: winged bean is an infinite inflorescence, which can be harvested at any time as required. After flowering12 ~15 days, the pods are green and soft, and have not been lignified, which is the suitable period for harvesting young pods. At this time, the growth is rapid and the fiber is less. Don't pick it too late, which will increase the fiber, make the pod wall thick and hard, and make the quality worse, so it can't be eaten. Generally, it is harvested in 3 ~ 5 days 1 time. 40 ~ 50 days after flowering, the pods turn brown and basically dry, so the old pods should be picked in time. If the harvest is too late, the pods will naturally crack. Spreading and threshing after harvest, drying and storing.

Collect root tuber before and after defoliation. In areas where the winter is warm and the soil is not frozen, you can leave the old vines for the winter without collecting the root tuber. The next spring grows vigorously, with more flowers and pods and bigger roots. One annual plant can yield about one root 1 kg, two-year plant can yield more than 2.5 kg, and the weight of root in 1989 is15 ~ 20 kg.

S most of the northern areas are cultivated annually, and some growers also use tuberous roots for early harvest. The whole root can be dug up before the early frost comes, planted in the sunlight greenhouse, stored in frost-proof, and planted in the field the next spring.

extermination of disease and insect pest

Winged beans are cultivated in the north for a short time and have fewer diseases. The common diseases are: virus disease, yellow-green mottling and distortion on the leaves after the onset. The control method is to select disease-free plants to keep seeds; Increase the application of organic fertilizer; Timely prevention and control of aphids; At the initial stage of the disease, 300 times of antitoxic agent 1 was sprayed once a day for 3-4 times.

Common pests are aphids and pod borers. At the beginning of occurrence, 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution can be used; 70% chlorpyrifos 2500 times solution spray.