Chinese Name: Red-crowned Crane
Latin scientific name: Grus japonensis
Nickname: crane
Field: animal kingdom
Usage: crane running
Family: crane family
catalogue
brief introduction
Scientific classification
Appearance characteristics
Be distributed
strange hobby
Study history
Cultural significance
Protection state
life
The full text of Bao Zhao's Ode to Dancing Crane.
Brief introduction to the story of red-crowned crane
Scientific classification
Appearance characteristics
Be distributed
strange hobby
Study history
Cultural significance
Protection state
Life span: Full-text editing of the story of red-crowned crane in Bao Zhao's Dance of Crane.
Red-crowned crane is a kind of crane, named after the "red meat crown" on its head. It is unique in East Asia.
Appreciation of Red-crowned Crane Pictures (20 photos) Some bird species, because of their elegant posture and bright colors, have the meaning of auspiciousness, loyalty and longevity in the local culture. National first-class protection of animals.
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Red-crowned crane Figure 2
Chinese name crane order Latin scientific name crane order Chinese name crane family Latin scientific name crane family English name red-crowned crane China endemic China protection list.
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Wild red-crowned crane
Red-crowned crane has the characteristics of cranes, that is, three lengths-long mouth, long neck and long legs. Adult birds are all white except the neck and the back end of flight feathers, and the skin on the top of their heads is bare and bright red. The legendary poisonous crane top red (also known as crane top blood) is here, but it is purely a rumor that crane top blood is nontoxic. What the ancients called "crane top red" is actually arsenic, which is impure arsenic trioxide. Hedinghong is an obscure statement about arsenic in ancient times. The fat glands on the tail of red-crowned crane are covered with powder (natural feathers). Young birds have brown feathers and a yellow beak. The feather color of the sub-adult is dim, and the red color of the exposed area on the top of the head becomes more vivid after 2 years old.
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Red-crowned crane Figure 3
Red-crowned cranes breed in Yancheng, Jiangsu, and Songnen Plain (Jilin and Qiqihar in Heilongjiang are the most abundant) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, and a small number of wild populations are distributed in the Far East of Russia and Japan in Yunnan. Wintering in the southeast coast of China, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Korea Bay, Japan and other places. In history, the distribution area of red-crowned cranes is much larger than it is now, and the wintering area is farther south, reaching Fujian, Taiwan Province Province, Hainan and other places. Because of its special position in culture, this bird is recorded in detail in local chronicles, which provides detailed information for studying its distribution. Living in a swamp.
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Red-crowned cranes migrate between breeding grounds and wintering grounds every year. Only in Hokkaido, Japan, keeping birds for the local area and not migrating may be related to the organized feeding of local people in winter and sufficient food sources. The habitat of red-crowned crane is swamp and swamp meadow, and its food is mainly shallow water fish and shrimp, mollusks and some plant roots, which changes with the seasons. Map of Red-crowned Crane 1
The red-crowned crane molts twice a year, Stephane in spring and winter in autumn. This is complete molting, and it will temporarily lose its flight ability. Red-crowned cranes sing loudly, as a signal to define territory, and it is also an important way of communication during estrus. Red-crowned crane is a kind of unisexual bird, and no special circumstances can last for a lifetime. The annual breeding period begins in March, lasts for 6 months and ends in September. They nest in shallow water or wet land with water, and the nesting materials are mostly grasses such as reeds. The red-crowned crane lays a nest of eggs every year, usually 2-4. Hatching is carried out by male and female birds in turn, and the incubation period is 3 1~32 days. A bird is an early bird. Red-crowned cranes always move in groups, forming a "human" shape. The angle of the herringbone is 1 10. More accurate calculation also shows that the half included angle of the herringbone, that is, the included angle between each side and the traveling direction of the crane group is 54 44' 8 "(the same as the included angle of the diamond crystal). Red-crowned cranes are omnivores. In spring, we eat grass seeds and crop seeds, but in summer, there are many kinds of food, including animal food. The main animal foods are small fish, crustaceans, snails, insects and their larvae, as well as frogs and small rodents. Plant food includes reed buds and weed seeds. Red-crowned crane Figure 4
The breeding of red-crowned cranes is a single bird, and there is no special situation that can last for a lifetime. The annual breeding period begins in March, lasts for 6 months and ends in September. They nest in shallow water or wet land with water, and the nesting materials are mostly grasses such as reeds. The red-crowned crane lays a nest of eggs every year, usually 2-4. Hatching is carried out by male and female birds in turn, and the incubation period is 3 1~32 days. A bird is an early bird. During the breeding period, courtship is accompanied by dancing and singing. It nests in halogen reeds and grass with a certain depth, and lays eggs 1-2 per nest. The incubation period is 30-33 days, and it is an early bird. Sexually mature at the age of 2, and the life expectancy can reach 50-60 years. In the middle and late April, they began to nest and lay eggs in the dry grass on the shoal surrounded by water, and each nest produced 2 eggs. Male and female birds hatch eggs in turn, and the incubation period is 20 ~ 33 days. After the young birds learn to fly, in autumn, the red-crowned crane migrates from the northeast breeding ground to the south for winter. China has established a number of nature reserves such as Zhalong, Xianghai and Yancheng in the breeding areas and wintering areas of cranes such as red-crowned cranes. In Yancheng Nature Reserve, Jiangsu Province, there are more than 600 wintering red-crowned cranes at most a year, which is the largest known wintering habitat in the world. The red-crowned crane was first exhibited in Beijing Zoo in 1954, and successfully propagated in 1964.
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Red-crowned cranes are easy to identify because of their large size and bright colors. People's understanding of red-crowned cranes has been accumulated for a long time. China local chronicles are recorded continuously. Red-crowned cranes were raised by people a long time ago, especially in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Now many places have raised red-crowned cranes for viewing. After1980s, special research on red-crowned cranes was carried out, and some information about the distribution, breeding, wintering ecology, behavior and migration of red-crowned cranes has been mastered. At present, the artificial propagation and artificial insemination technology of red-crowned crane has matured. After 1990, the migration route of red-crowned crane was determined according to the research of environmental records and satellite tracking technology. Former names: Ardea (grus) Japan P.L.S. Mü ller, 1776 Grus Japan Gmelin,1778 Antigone Montignsia Bonaparte, 1854 Megalornis Japan Wilder &；; Hubbard, 1938
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In fact, the legendary crane is the red-crowned crane, a large wading bird that lives in swamps or shallow water, and is often called the "God of Wetlands". It has nothing to do with pine trees growing in high mountains and hills. Residents in East Asia use red-crowned cranes to symbolize happiness, auspiciousness, longevity and loyalty. It often appears in literary and artistic works of various countries. In the tombs of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the image of cranes appeared in sculptures. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, bronze bells and crane-shaped ritual vessels appeared. The elegant image of the red-crowned crane in Taoism has become a symbol of immortality. At present, the State Forestry Administration of China has reported the red-crowned crane to the State Council as the only national bird candidate. A crane is a bird that lives in a swamp. It is a joke to draw it on a pine tree from a scientific point of view. Of course, in the cultural sense, it is another matter. Cranes lay eggs. In ancient times, some people regarded it as a fairy bird, saying that it was viviparous (see Bao Zhao's Fu on Dancing Crane). But the mistake of crane viviparous statement has long been known. There is a record in the Record of Mo Ke Waving Rhinoceros: "Liu Yuancai was eccentric and tasted two cranes. When the guest arrived, he boasted,' This fairy bird is also here. Where does the bird lay its eggs? This bird is viviparous.' Before he died, the gardener reported, "A crane laid an egg at midnight." Yuan Cai said,' Dare to slander cranes!' A few days later, I stretched my neck and fell to the ground. I laid an egg. Yuan Cai sighed:' The crane also lost its way, and I was mistaken by Liu Yuxi's kind words. "
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Red-crowned crane Figure 5
Red-crowned crane is a large wading bird, which belongs to the upper layer of the food chain in the wetland environment and is a key species of wetland biodiversity. Ainu people in Hokkaido, Japan call the red-crowned crane living in Kushiro wetland "the God of Wetland". At present, the main threat they face is habitat destruction. In the northeast and far east of China, the destruction of wetlands by human activities increased sharply after1960s. Reclaiming wetlands not only invaded the original habitat, but also blocked the originally connected water system. In addition, in recent years, the climate in the Far East has become more arid and the water area has shrunk seriously. The pollution introduced by human activities also threatens the survival of red-crowned cranes. In addition, reclamation methods such as burning wasteland have seriously damaged the nest materials and shelters of red-crowned cranes, resulting in a narrower distribution. Poaching: Since there has been a demand for red-crowned crane feathers and organs in East Asia since ancient times, hunting is inevitable. Although in recent years, with the establishment of protection laws and regulations, direct hunting rarely happens, but poisoning to kill other waterfowl has become an important cause of death of red-crowned cranes. At present, the red-crowned crane is a national first-class protected animal, and the species recorded in the IUCN Red Book are endangered and listed in CITES Appendix I.
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The life span of red-crowned cranes is as long as 50 to 60 years. People often paint it with pine trees as a symbol of longevity. Red-crowned cranes are few in number and have been listed as national first-class protected animals.
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Scatter the static classics, and become an immortal bird. The clock floats in the seaweed, holding a clear and bright heart. Pointing to the kettle and turning over Han, watching Kun sing. Return to Yang, seek high in poor days. The spiritual cultivation area is far away, and there are many places to worship. The essence contains Dan, stars and purple smoke. The leader has clear pronunciation and mellow voice, and his toes have been repaired. Fold the frost and make a shadow, vibrating the jade feather to the sky. Play in Zhitian in the morning and drink in Yaochi in the evening. Tired of jianghai, you can swim in the river, but you can see the shackles behind the clouds. Going to the emperor's hometown is quiet and a shame in the world. I am sad when I am old, and my heart is melancholy and sad. So the poor yin killed the festival and the scenery withered. Sand shakes the sky, and the wind shakes the sky. Strict and bitter fog, bright and sad spring. The long river is blocked by ice and the mountains are covered with snow. Then the atmosphere was faint and the scenery was clear. When the stars turn back to the Han Dynasty, Xiao Yue will fall. On a cold chicken morning, pity the frost goose facing the desert. Facing the depression of the shocking wind, the streamer light is burning. The sound in Danbang is clear, and the dance in Jingu is flying. Lian Xuan staggered and finally turned to Yue Long. Wandering around, vibrating and destroying. Get together in surprise, and the wings turn to snow. Don't deviate from the outline, you will live alone. If you stop, you will come back. I'm sorry to care about it, it was delayed. A proud followed, and he took the lead. Of rules and regulations. The country has a legacy, but its appearance has no interest. Treadmill funny, fractal angle. It's long and slow, and its wings are annoying. The light tracks are messy and the floating shadows are staggered. Many people change their postures, uneven and dense. If the smoke is foggy, there is no wool. It's impossible to talk about the wind and rain. I'm distracted, but I don't know where it is. Suddenly, the stars are out of the clouds, and they are completely absorbed. Worship of the spirit of heaven is even more melancholy. When the time comes, Yanji is exhausted, and Batong is ashamed. Blow the towel twice and stop the pill sword. Although Handan dares to be benevolent, it is impossible to imitate Yang. When you enter the country, you will take the porch, and when you leave the military capital, you will be beautiful. Chitose defends domestication, which leads Wan Li to worry for a long time.
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There is a beautiful female college student named Xu Xiujuan whose father is a crane protection engineer in Zhalong Nature Reserve. When Xu Xiujuan was a child, he often helped his father feed the little cranes, and he fell in love with the red-crowned cranes imperceptibly. Xu Xiujuan lived with red-crowned cranes all the year round, and many red-crowned cranes became her friends. One of them always likes to stick to her, and she calls it "Lai Maozi". One day, a reed cutter suddenly thought of poaching. When Lai Maozi approached him defenseless, he was suddenly strangled and tried to kill him. Fortunately, Xu Xiujuan, who was passing by here, heard its sad cry and rushed over in despair, and launched a life-and-death struggle with that man before finally bringing it back to life. From then on, Lai Maozi became more affectionate and attached to Xu Xiujuan ... After graduating from Xu Xiujuan University, he stayed to work in Yancheng Nature Reserve. Yancheng Nature Reserve is the main wintering place for red-crowned cranes. If the non-migratory wild population of red-crowned crane can be established there, it will be an important breakthrough to protect the endangered red-crowned crane population. Xu Xiujuan tearfully bid farewell to his relatives who were rushing about for their career and came to Yancheng, not far from Wan Li. This trip, as a gift, she took two red-crowned cranes to Yancheng. One day, these two red-crowned cranes, which are usually very regular, did not return to their nests on time after dark. Afraid of their accident, Xu Xiujuan, who didn't dare to care, looked for them for two days and two nights. But who would have thought that in the process of looking for them, she slipped into the swamp and never came up again. The fragility of life always makes people very helpless. A moment's separation may be a lifetime. When two playful red-crowned cranes flew back, they never saw Xu Xiujuan who saved their lives. They can only turn around her, keep lowering their heads with red crowns and sorting out her wet clothes with their long beaks ... Maybe they feel uncomfortable and blame themselves for losing such a good friend. Since then, the two red-crowned cranes have never stayed up all night. When Xu Xiujuan's body is buried on the beach in the reserve, they still like to stand on Xu Xiujuan's grave and call it "Hiccup … Hiccup", as if to tell her what they think. What's even more surprising is that from the day Xu Xiujuan died, Lai Maozi, who was far away in Zhalong Nature Reserve, was unhappy, moaning to the south all day long, and soon died for no reason.