Introduction of works
"Gui Zhixiang, Seeing the Eyes off" was created by Wang Anshi, also titled "Gui Zhixiang, Jinling Nostalgia", and was selected into "300 Song Poems". This word was written by Wang Anshi after the strike. "Seeing your eyes off" always opens the whole chapter. Shang Kan wrote about his views on landing in Jinling's old capital. "Chengjiang", "Cuifeng", "Sailing", "Sunset", "Wine Flag", "West Wind", "Cloudy Light" and "Heron Rise" sequentially outline the majestic scenes of water, land and air, and the realm is desolate. I wrote what I thought in Jinling. The word "Peng" makes a turning point, contrasts the past and the present, crisscrosses time and space, and the virtual and the real coexist, expressing deep depression and heavy sigh for history and reality. "Old things in the Six Dynasties are like running water, but cold smoke and decaying grass are green" is the eye of an article. The whole word is mixed with scenes, gloomy and tragic.
original text
Cinnamomum cassia twig boarding the door to see off the eyes
Author: Wang Anshi
It was late autumn in the old country and the weather was early. Thousands of miles into a river like practice, such as clusters of green peaks. Sail to the setting sun, back to the west wind, and the wine flag is tilted. The colorful boat is cloudy, and the Milky Way heron rises, making it difficult to draw.
Miss the past, compete in prosperity, sigh the building outside the door, and sorrow and hate continue. Through the ages, depending on the high, it is a shame. The past events of the Six Dynasties follow the flowing water, but the cold smoke decays and the grass turns green. Up to now, business women still sing, and the "backyard" is a legacy.
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Climbing to the top of the tall building, the scene of Jinling is exactly late autumn, and the weather has just begun to get cold. The Yangtze River, which flows thousands of miles, is brewed like a white chain, and the green peaks are majestic and steep like bundles of arrows. The boat on the river is full of sails and heading for the sunset rapidly, and the swaying wine flag is leaning out straight against the west wind on the shore. Colorful painted boats haunt the clouds, and the egrets on the middle of the river sometimes stop and fly. This beautiful scenery is hard to draw with the most beautiful pictures.
Looking back on the past, luxurious and luxurious lives competed with each other endlessly, lamenting that "Han Qinhu outside the door, Zhang Lihua at the top of the building" was followed by national subjugation. Looking at it from afar through the ages, the scenery you see is like this, so don't feel the gain and loss of the calendar. All the changes in the Six Dynasties disappeared with the flowing water, only the cold smoke and withered weeds in the suburbs were still green. Until now, business women still don't know the sadness and hatred of national subjugation, and they always sing the legacy of "The Back Court" aloud.
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(1) See you off when you board: climb the mountain near the water, and look far.
(2) Old country: the old capital, which refers to Jinling.
(3) A thousand miles into a river is like training: describe the Yangtze River as a long white silk. The language comes out of Xie Tiao's "Going to the Three Mountains Late and Returning to Wangjing": "Yu Xia is scattered into Qi, and Chengjiang is quiet as practice." Chengjiang, the clear Yangtze River. Practice, white silk.
(4) Such as clustering: here, the peaks of the cluster seem to be clustered together. Cluster, cluster.
(5) zhào: ships coming and going. A tool for rowing, which is shaped like an oar and can also be extended to a boat.
(6) Starting from the Star River Heron (Lü): Egrets fly from the sandbars in the water. There is Bailuzhou in the Yangtze River (outside Shuiximen in Nanjing today). The Milky Way, the Milky Way, here refers to the Yangtze River.
(7) It is difficult to draw: it is also difficult to express it perfectly with pictures.
(8) luxury competition: (the dignitaries of the Six Dynasties) strive to live a luxurious life. Competing: competing to emulate chasing.
(9) The building outside the gate refers to the tragedy of Chen's national subjugation in the Southern Dynasties. Out of Du Mu's Taicheng Qu: "Han Qinhu outside the door, Zhang Lihua at the head of the building." Han Qinhu, a founding general of Sui Dynasty, has led his troops to the south gate of Zhuquemen, Jinling, while Chen Houzhu is still having fun at Jieqi Pavilion with his favorite concubine Zhang Lihua.
(10) Sorrow and hatred continue: it refers to the continuous occurrence of the tragedy of national subjugation.
(1 1) by height: climb high. This means that the author climbs high and looks far.
(12) rambling about honor and disgrace: sighing about glory and shame. This is the author's exclamation.
(13) Six Dynasties: refers to the Three Kingdoms Wu, Eastern Jin, Southern Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Dynasties. They all have Jinling as their capital.
(14) business girl: singing girl.
(15) Legacy of "Backyard": refers to the song "yushu backyard flower", which was handed down by Chen Houzhu. Du Mu's "Bo Qinhuai": "Businessmen don't know how to hate the country, but they still sing" backyard flowers "across the river." Later generations think it is the voice of national subjugation.
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This word expresses the feelings of Jinling people who cherish the past, and is an extraordinary masterpiece for the author. It was written about the time when the author stopped talking again and learned about jiangning house. Wang Anshi's feelings of empathy for natural scenery when he was frustrated and bored were revealed in his poems.
The whole word comes straight to the point, and the writer, Jinling Resort, the ancient capital of the Southern Dynasties, went on a late autumn evening to visit the Linjiang Range Rover. Although he takes climbing high and looking far as the theme, he takes the late autumn of his hometown as his eye. The words "Zheng", "Chu" and "Su" gradually awaken its main idea.
The following two sentences, borrowed from Xie Jia's famous sentence in the Six Dynasties, "Explain the Tao' Chengjiang is as clean as practice', which makes people remember Xie Xuanhui for a long time", and it seems to have come out. That is, a "like training" and a "like cluster", the shape victory has suddenly emerged. Then I wrote about the river color, and when I looked at it, I saw countless sails and shadows under the setting sun, interlaced on the sparkling river waves. Looking closely at the gaze, I saw that the west wind was tight, and the green flag of the wine shop was raised high, because the wind was blowing. The sail is a wide scene, the wine flag is a fine scene, and the meaning of the poet is guided by the scenery and the personnel. A word "back" and a word "foundation" are used wonderfully, and the riverside scenery is vividly written, which seems to have life.
At this point, the scenery is all sketchy, and the following has changed. The combination of "colorful boat" and "Xinghe" adds a bright and beautiful color. However, the word beat has reached the rest of the film, so the pen is also collected here, and it is quite common for everyone to praise and reward with the sentence "It is difficult to draw pictures". "The colorful boat is cloudy", and the river sky at sunset is written: "The Milky Way rises with herons", which looks like a continent in the evening.
The next film is another pen and ink, lamenting the historical fact that the Six Dynasties were all ruined by famine. It's about sorrow, hate, honor and disgrace, and it's empty for future generations to mourn for; There is no trace of the past, only the autumn grass is blue, which is shocking. The "building outside the door" is also simple and powerful with Du Mu's sentence "Taichengqu".
The conclusion of the poem is even more wonderful. The poet wrote: Today, the Six Dynasties are far away, but its legacy is often still audible. Use allusion here. "Business women don't know how to hate the country, and they still sing" backyard flowers "across the river!" This famous sentence sung by Tang Xian Komori in "The smoke cage is cold and the moon is full of sand, and the night is near Qinhuai restaurant", which is used repeatedly by the poet, and it is full of endless feelings, and it will last forever.
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1067 (four years of Pingping) Wang Anshi's political reform was frustrated by the opposition of conservatives, and the old emperor released him as the mayor of Nanjing (the magistrate of Jiangning). According to "Ancient and Modern Ci Hua", Wang Anshi and his friends visited the landscape of Jinling in late autumn. Facing the vast Yangtze River, he filled in more than 30 words with the name of Guizhixiang, and only his words were called the swan song. This word was sung to Su Dongpo, and Su University praised it: "This is the essence of wild foxes!"
"Ancient and Modern Ci Hua": "Jinling is nostalgic for the past, and there are more than 30 people who send the fragrance of Guizhi, but Wang Jiefu is a swan song. When Dongpo saw it, he sighed:' This old man is a wild fox' ".
The word Huang Sheng's Selected Poems of Hua 'an is entitled "Jinling Nostalgia", which is a masterpiece with broad vision and high awareness. The first film depicts the beautiful scenery of Jinling mountains and rivers, with a large amount of brushwork and a vast weather. "Seeing your eyes off when you board the plane" starts with telling the truth, and "it is difficult to draw pictures" in order to praise and collect evil spirits. In the meantime, I wrote about Jinling's victory, Tianyu's early autumn, Chengjiang Cuifeng, the setting sun returning to the sails, colorful boats berthing at night, two sentences and one scene, exquisite brushwork, bright colors, and the victory of the old capital Jiangshan. The next film laments the sad history of the rulers of the Six Dynasties who competed for flowers and made the same mistakes in subjugation, and implies condemnation and grief. "miss the past", marry the old country and turn to express feelings. "Building outside the door", tightening the Tang poetry, using Chen Zhiyi to save the country and summarizing the lessons of the rise and fall of the past dynasties, one is equal to ten. "Relying on height" responds to "landing" and "rambling", and from the perspective of the long river of history, it sends out infinite feelings. The "old story" and "fragrant grass" further contrast the hasty personnel with the nature. At the end of melting Du Fu's poems, he declared that there was endless yearning for the past. It's very generous that the world is still drunk and I wake up alone. The whole article has a high meaning, a clear brushwork, and a long history of mourning, which is entrusted with tactfully and succinctly singing. How can it be achieved without great efforts? According to "Ancient and Modern Ci Hua", at that time, "there were more than 30 gentlemen who sent the fragrance of Guizhi, but Wang Jiefu was the swan song", and Dongpo praised it as "the essence of wild fox", not for no reason.
Jinling is now Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. Since Dongwu established its capital here in 222 AD, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen successively established their capitals here. By the time of Zhao and Song Dynasties, it was still crowded with cities and lights, showing a prosperous atmosphere. Geographically, Jinling is known as a majestic place where tigers live in a dragon's nest. The great Jiangxi river breaks and flows eastward into the sea. Mountains, hills, rivers and lakes, rivers and lakes crisscross. Qinhuai River runs through the city like a jade belt, and Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are like two pearls embedded in the left and right of the city. Wang Anshi is facing such a great river and mountain, thinking that the country is still the same, personnel changes, nostalgia for the past and thinking about the present, and wrote this political lyric "interesting in emptying".
The first part of the ci is mainly about scenery. The author climbed to the far side in a cool late autumn weather and saw the most distinctive scenery of Jinling: the Yangtze River is as clear as a plain white satin, and the green peaks on both sides seem to be scrambling to get together; Sails in the river come and go in the sunset, and flags of restaurants on the shore are fluttering against the west wind. As far as the eye can see, all kinds of boats in the water and sky are hidden and present in the light cloud; A flock of egrets rose in the sky in a galaxy-like continent. Such a magnificent scenery is really "difficult to draw"! The next word, the author's pen turned and cut into the theme of nostalgia. The word "nostalgia for the past" opened the contrast between time and space, and pointed out that the rulers of the Six Dynasties competed to live a life of luxury and shortage, so that, like Chen Houzhu, the enemy had already arrived in Enemy at the Gates, and he was still having fun with a group of concubines (here, "the building outside the door" is the meaning of Tu Mu's Taicheng Qu: "Han Qinhu outside the door, Zhang Lihua at the building"). In the end, the monarchs of the Six Dynasties were like a merry-go-round. The author sighed deeply: since the ages, people have been climbing to mourn, but they are all feeling of rising and falling in the air. The old events of the Six Dynasties are gone forever with the river that died in the east, leaving only a few wisps of cold smoke and a piece of green grass. Finally, the author borrows the poetry of Du Mu's "Bo Qinhuai" that "a merchant girl doesn't know the national subjugation and hate, but she still sings the backyard flowers across the river", and points out that the lesson of national subjugation in the Six Dynasties has been forgotten. The three sentences at the end of this sentence satirize the present with profound implications.
Wang Anshi was appointed as the magistrate of Jiangning in the early days of Zongning (the governor is now Nanjing), and he entered the center two years later. This word was used as a magistrate. As a great reformer and thinker, he stood tall and looked far. Through the understanding of the historical lessons of the Six Dynasties, this word expressed his dissatisfaction with the social reality of the Northern Song Dynasty and revealed his sense of hardship in times of peace. At the same time, this word also has artistic achievements, which embodies the author's literary proposition of "washing old habits for five generations". Although there were a number of famous poets like Yan Shu and Liu Yong in the Ci circle in the Northern Song Dynasty, they didn't break through the barrier of "Ci is a colorful subject", and their ci style was weak. The whole poem of Wang Anshi has an open artistic conception, which harmoniously blends magnificent scenery with historical content and forms its own style. Poems of Past Dynasties quoted Ancient and Modern Ci Hua as saying: "Jinling is nostalgic for the past, and there are more than 30 people who send the tune of Guizhixiang, but Wang Jiefu is the swan song." Although Wang Anshi wrote few words in his life, this word can be sung through the ages.
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First of all, the scenery of this poem is magnificent and magnificent, and the weather is wide, which fully shows the author's high foothold and broad mind. The first three sentences are written in general. In a few words, the season, place and weather are clearly explained, and the whole word is placed in a perspective of overlooking the fence. In an atmosphere of cold autumn, the momentum is extraordinary. The following "a thousand miles into a river is like practicing" describes water and "green peaks are like clusters" describes mountains, describing the mountain and river situation in Jinling as a whole, and depicting a broad background for the whole poem. "Sailing" is a concrete description of the scenery under this background. On the surface of the river, countless sails are sailing in a hurry in the afterglow of the sunset. Compared with "Outside the setting sun, there are several points in Western jackdaw, and the water flows around the lonely village" (Man Ting Fang by Qin Guan), although the scenery is vast, the former is magnificent, while the latter is mournful and different in style. However, many jagged wine flags on both sides of the Yangtze River are drifting with the west wind. Compared with Du Mu's "Shuicun Shanguo Wine Flag Wind", the difference between strong and handsome is obvious. As for "the colorful boat is cloudy and the heron rises in the Milky Way", just like focus plane's further pushing away, with the sail gradually drifting away, the poet's field of vision has also expanded, so that the water and the sky are integrated into one, and the myriad manners of the Yangtze River are written in a more vast space. Far away, the sails are like floating in the faint white clouds, and the flying egrets are like starting from the Milky Way. When I read this, I can't help but think of Wang Bo's Preface to Tengwang Pavilion: "Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, the autumn waters are * * * and the sky is the same." One is the eternal parallel epigram, and the other is the unprecedented creation of ci, which is really the same. The scenery of this word is full of reality and emptiness, with thick and light colors, crisscross of distance, combination of reality and emptiness, and appropriate shades, which constitute a wonderful landscape map of Jinling. Its broad, fresh realm, vigorous and magnificent style are unmatched by those works of "Small Garden Fragrant Path" and "Fallen Moon".
Secondly, the idea is novel and far-sighted, showing the insight of a sober politician. The comments made in the next film of Guizhixiang are by no means lamenting personal joys and sorrows, but reflecting his concern and anxiety about the future of the country and the nation. The first three sentences, "I miss the luxury competition in the past, sighing at the top of the building outside the door, and the sorrow and hatred continue", are read by exposing the rulers of the Six Dynasties who built their capital in Jinling, and used the beautiful mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River to compete in luxury and waste the country; Those who sigh are contemptuous of them for performing one tragedy after another, which is both sad and hateful. The sentence of "the eternal depends on the height" criticizes that literati and poets have only lamented the rise and fall of dynasties in the face of Jinling mountains and rivers since the ancient times, failed to jump out of the small circle of honor and disgrace, and failed to stand at the proper height, so it is difficult to draw historical lessons from the successive collapse of the Six Dynasties. Now, the past events of the Six Dynasties have passed away with the flowing water, leaving only a few wisps of lifeless withered grass shrouded in cold smoke. This "cold smoke decays grass and coagulates green" obviously reveals the author's dissatisfaction with the failure of the Northern Song Dynasty to make great efforts to govern. The whole word focuses on the conclusion: "Up to now, business women still sing all the time, and the music is left in the backyard." The so-called "the legacy of the backyard" is Chen Houzhu's colourful song "yushu backyard flower". In this sense, Du Mu, a Tang Dynasty man, also wrote: "The business women don't know how to hate the country, but they still sing the backyard flowers across the river." However, unlike Du Mu, the author doesn't blame the business women for their ignorance, but refers to cursing, implying that the geisha are still singing the voice of national subjugation, precisely because those in power indulge in wine and wine, and lead a drunken life. However, "yushu backyard flower and bloom will not last long", if we don't change course and take measures to enrich Qiang Bing, it will be as sad as the Six Dynasties. This sentence is tantamount to a warning to the Northern Song Dynasty. Some people say that Zhang Sheng's Li Ting Yan is the original of Wang Anshi's Gui Zhi Xiang. From the perspective of language and syntax, Wang Ci is really influenced by Zhang Ci. However, Zhang Sheng is only a kind of negative sadness about the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties: "How many things happened in the Six Dynasties, all of which were gossip. Looking at the floor, there is nothing to say in the cold. " The ideological realm of the two words can hardly be mentioned in the same breath.
Third, the composition pays attention to the writing style of the prose, which is orderly and extremely similar. In the first sentence of the last film, the word "seeing your eyes off" enveloped the whole article, and an article was born from then on. The second sentence "old country" points out Jinling, laying the groundwork for the next discussion of nostalgia. The following scenery is written from the general point of view, followed by close-up and long-term view, and finally stopped with "painting is difficult" It not only summarizes the above scenery, but also naturally turns to the next discussion. The arrangement is very appropriate and natural. The next film opens a layer of discussion: Jinling is so magnificent, but it is the historical witness of the successive demise of the Six Dynasties. The three sentences of "thinking about the past" show the attitude towards the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties, and the two sentences of "relying on the heights through the ages" write the views on the works that have always been paid tribute to Jinling. The following is to turn into reality, and the sentence is back to today. The head and tail are round, the structure is precise, and it is unfolded layer by layer. There are scenes in the lyrics, such as Yan Shu's "Walking on the Sha": "When a sad dream wakes up, the setting sun shines deep in the courtyard", which is an inexplicable spring sorrow; There is a complex of love, such as Liu Yong's "Fengqiwu": "The clothes are getting wider and wider without regret, and people are haggard for Iraq", which shows single-minded and sincere love. Guizhixiang, on the other hand, ends with a discussion, in which the author's views on major practical and political issues are entrusted. These characteristics of the chapter structure of Guizhixiang reflect the characteristics that the development of Ci appears as prose after entering slow Ci.
Fourth, the allusion is appropriate and natural. "A thousand miles into a river seems to be practicing" is a poem from Xie Tiao's "Going to the Three Mountains Late and Returning to Wangjing": "Yu Xia is scattered into a beautiful scenery, and Chengjiang is as quiet as practicing." "The Star River Herons Rise" is based on Li Bai's on climbing in nanjing to the terrace of phoenixes: "Three mountains and a half fall outside the sky, like this Island of White Egrets dividing the river" poetry. "Sighing at the top of the building outside the door, sorrow and hate continue" uses the allusion of the Sui Dynasty's destruction of Chen: when Han Qinhu Enemy at the Gates, the general of the Sui Dynasty, Chen Houzhu, who was heartless, was still singing and dancing with his favorite concubine Zhang Lihua. Du Mu's "Taicheng Qu" once recited this matter: "Han Qinhu outside the door, Zhang Lihua at the head of the building." However, Wang Anshi skillfully only borrowed the word "building outside the door". "Outside the door" said that the army was under siege, and "building head" said that it was shameless, which was extremely refined and vividly showed the collapse of the Six Dynasties. The word "sorrow and hate continue" summarizes the history of the Southern Dynasties. The conclusion of the sentence is based on Du Mu's poem Bo Qinhuai, but it is endowed with more profound and incisive ideological content. Before Wang Anshi, it was rare to use four allusions in just one word.
Author's introduction
Wang Anshi (102 1 year 1 month 18-1may 2, 0861day), whose name is Jiefu, was in the middle of the mountain. After his death, he chased posthumous title's "Wen", which made the world famous. Linchuan Wang Anshi Memorial Hall
, Linchuan, Jiangxi (now Dengjiaxiang, Linchuan District), an outstanding politician, writer, thinker and reformer in China. Outstanding achievements in literature. His poem "Learning from Du Fu is thin and hard" is good at reasoning and rhetoric, and is good at using allusions. His style is vigorous and powerful, and his vigilance is exquisite, and there are also works with deep feelings. He is the author of Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan. There are Wang Linchuan Collection and Linchuan Collection. In the second year of Qingli, he was ranked fourth in Yang Jian's list, and successively served as a judge of Huainan East Road [Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province] and a magistrate of Yinxian County [Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province]. Shuzhou sentenced [Anqing City, Anhui Province] and Jiangnan East Road to prison. In the fourth year of Zhiping (A.D. 1067), Shenzong acceded to the throne at the beginning, and Zhao 'an learned from jiangning house, and he was summoned as a bachelor of Hanlin. In the second year of Xining (A.D. 1069), he was promoted to participate in political affairs. Since the third year of Xining, he has twice served as a member of the same school and promoted the new law. After Xi Ning's nine-year strike, he lived in seclusion and died in Zhongshan, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) and posthumous title, also known as Wang Wengong. Its political reform had a profound impact on the social economy in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and it had the characteristics of modern reform. Lenin praised it as "the great reformer of China in the 11th century". With "Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong", they are also called "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". For more appreciation of Tang poetry and Song poetry, please pay attention to the related articles of Xigutang Guoxue. com (www.xigutang.com).
English translation of song ci
In Nanjing: a reminiscence
As I reached this capital of old Cathay,
Autumn air became crisp, as it is today.
I climb high and look far over the Yangzi.
Like a silk-strip, it covers a thousand li.
Its hills overlap, as in the distance seen,
Peaks are like a bundle of emerald green.
The fading sun illumes all manner of mast;
Wine-shop flaps flutter with every blast.
At us, behind a thin mist, colorful boats gaze;
Aigrettes seem to dance amidst nebular haze.
No picture of any kind can reproduce-
The lines and colors of its beautiful views.
I recall past rivalries for power and renown;
How Emperor Chen lost his territory and crown.
Inside the Red-Bird-Gate was the Silk-Knot-Hall.
There, his concubine witnessed his tragic fall.
One’s grief over loss of country follows close—
The hatred for misrule, wherefrom such arose.
Relics remind us that empires wax and wane.
To regret their rise and decline is in vain.
The Six Dynasties, like a dream, passed away.
Drear mist o’er withered grass is what’s left today.
Now, heedless of the loss of sovereign powers,
Chorus girls are still singing “ The Backyard Flowers”.