Yellow peach, also known as yellow flesh peach, in our country has a long history of cultivation, for us are most familiar with nothing more than canned yellow peaches, but in recent years, yellow peach samples are gradually diversified, more and more excellent taste of fresh food varieties are also gradually cultivated, on the people's table, to meet the diversified needs of consumers on the fruit of the peach. In the growth process of yellow peach, there is a prominent feature, that is, the fruiting period is particularly long, in the actual cultivation process, due to the tree's own nutrient deficiencies, improper regulation of tree potential and other factors, may cause the fresh yellow peach fruiting rate is low, the fruit falls early and other issues. Therefore, in the yellow peach fruiting period, it is necessary to take comprehensive measures to improve the fruiting rate, to ensure the yield and quality of fresh yellow peach fruit.

A, fresh yellow peach management

Flowering: yellow peach tree blooming, flower bearing very dense. Therefore, when the flowering season comes, the first thing to do is to thin out the flowers, thinning in accordance with the order from top to bottom, from inside to outside, from large branches to small branches, thinning out the over-dense flowers.

Flowering spray borax: Boron is one of the indispensable elements of fruit tree reproduction, in the full bloom of the yellow peach, can be sprayed with 0.3% to 0.5% borax solution and 0.3% urea mixture or 0.3% to 0.5% borax solution and 0.1% granulated sugar mixture. For yellow peach trees, spraying borax has two main benefits: first, spraying borax solution can improve the fruiting rate of yellow peaches; second, it can prevent the occurrence of yellow peach rheumatism.

Artificial pollination during flowering: In the cultivation process of yellow peach, fruit farmers and friends generally in the establishment of the garden will be configured with a certain number of pollination trees, but in the flowering period of the yellow peach tree, often encountered low temperatures, cloudy and rainy weather, gusty winds, and other adverse climatic factors, resulting in the inhibition of bee activity, anthers can not be normal cracking, pollination is poor, and so on. Factors unfavorable to the fruit, resulting in yellow peach can not normal flowering and fruit or poor results. Therefore, it is generally necessary to use artificial pollination methods to improve the quality of peach fruit.

Select robust yellow peach trees, in the yellow peach dew red or just open, bud or flower collection, and then remove the petals, the anthers will be placed in the temperature of 20 ~ 25 ℃, humidity of 65% ~ 85% of the indoor environment for 1 ~ 2 days, so that the pollen free to disperse, and then collected in a glass bottle with a cotton ball to close the mouth of the bottle, set aside in the refrigerator 2 ~ 4 ℃ storage standby, this will help to extend the validity of the pollen. This helps to extend the validity of the pollen, which can generally be kept for about 15 days. In the flowering period usually need to be 2 times of artificial pollination.

The first pollination is carried out when the yellow peach blossom is half bloomed, and the second pollination is carried out when 20%~30% of the flowers fall. Pollination, pollen and clean and unadulterated talcum powder or fine dry starch in accordance with the ratio of 1:10 ~ 1:20 fully mixed, and then into a gauze bag, with special pollination tools such as pollinator, cotton swabs, brushes, etc. dipped in pollen, applied to the stigma of the peach blossom, so as to increase the fruiting rate of the yellow peach.

Centering: when the competing and growing branches grow to 20~25 cm should be centered, newborns should be centered again when the secondary tips, in order to avoid the waste of nutrients at the same time, to ensure that the yellow peach blossom fruits have a sufficient supply of nutrients.

Two, fresh yellow peach fruit management

With the arrival of the hot summer, peach blossom withered, the fruit began to gestate, yellow peach also entered the fruit management. In the yellow peach fruiting period, there are mainly the following management measures:

1, fruit thinning and fruit setting

Through fruit thinning can prevent serious physiological fruit drop due to too much fruit to maintain a stable and robust growth potential, which can increase the neatness of the fruits and improve the quality of fruits in general. In fruit thinning, should be combined with the target yield and tree potential to determine the general long fruiting branches can be retained 3 ~ 5 fruits, medium fruiting branches to stay 1 ~ 3 fruits, short fruiting branches and bouquets of fruiting branches to stay 1 fruit or not to stay fruits, the secondary fruiting branches to stay 1 ~ 2 fruits, reserve branches do not stay fruits, prolonged branches do not stay or fewer fruits. Can also be in accordance with the reasonable fruit spacing to retain fruit, generally retain fruit spacing of about 15 centimeters.

The yellow peach thinning can be divided into two. The first thinning time for 2 weeks after blossom fall, the northern region is generally in the second half of April. This thinning of the amount of fruit for the final amount of about 3 times the amount of fruit, focusing on the removal of those deformed fruit, fruit towards the sky, long fruit branches at the base of the fruit and tips of the fruit, the development of the failure of the stiff fruit, etc., to retain the middle of the fruit, in the thinning of the fruit, at the same time, to be wiped out buds.

The second thinning in the blossom after 4 to 6 weeks before and after the northern region generally in early to mid-May, this thinning is also called fruit, fruit set to retain the fruit of good growth downward, sparing the fruit towards the sky. Large and medium-sized varieties of long fruit branches to stay 2 fruits, small varieties of long fruit branches to stay 3 ~ 4 fruits; large and medium-sized varieties of medium-sized branches to stay 1 ~ 2 fruits, small varieties of medium-sized branches to stay 2 ~ 3 fruits; large and medium-sized varieties of short-fruiting branches to stay 2 ~ 3 branches to stay 1 fruit, small varieties of 1 ~ 2 branches to stay a fruit.

Additionally, the amount of fruit to be retained should also take into account the variety, age and strength of the tree, management level, soil fertility and so on to determine. Generally speaking, the early varieties of yellow peach mu yield target amount of 2000 kg, can leave 12000 ~ 15000 appropriate; in the ripe varieties of yellow peach mu yield target amount of 2500 ~ 3000 kg, can leave 12000 ~ 14000 appropriate; late ripe varieties of yellow peach mu yield target amount of 3000 ~ 3500 kg, can leave 10,000 ~ 12,000 appropriate fruit.

2, fruit bagging

Currently for many fruit farmers friends, most of the yellow peach production will not be bagged. But for fresh yellow peaches, through the fruit bagging, can reduce pests and diseases and reduce the number of medication, thus avoiding the pollution of the fruit. According to the actual cultivation results, bagging fruit soluble solids, soluble sugar, vitamin C and single fruit weight than the un-bagged treatments have increased, therefore, bagging is the production of high-grade yellow peach necessary means. Bagging cultivation production of yellow peach peel color and commercial properties are much better than not bagging.

(1) the choice of fruit bags

Fruit bags can be selected to avoid light, hydrophobic, the upper mouth of the binding wire, under the ventilation holes, specifications for the 19 cm?17.5 cm double-color bag, the inner bag to be equal to the outer bag, in order to prevent the strips of coloring.

(2) bagging period

In the second fruit thinning can be bagging management. General late maturity varieties of bagging time in late May to early June, bagging can be selected in the morning on a sunny day 8:00 ~ 11:00 am or 2:30 ~ 5:30 pm, it is strictly prohibited in the morning dew has not yet dried up and rain has not yet dried up when bagging.

(3) preparation before bagging

In order to prevent and control the occurrence of scab and blackstar disease and other diseases after bagging, it is necessary to spray a fungicide before bagging, the agent can be selected from 4% agro-resistant 120 aqueous solution of 800 times, 50% carbendazim wettable powder of 800 times, 70% methyltobutoxin wettable powder 1000 times 10% phenyl ether metronidazole 3000 times liquid, etc., after spraying, you can wait for the liquid to dry, the interval of 1 day, and then start bagging, if the bagging time is more than 1 week or halfway through the rainy weather, to be re-sprayed before you can continue bagging.

(4) bagging method

The mouth of the bag upward, with the hands of the lower two corners of the pinch flat, and then the young fruit in the middle of the bag, and then fold the mouth of the bag with both hands horizontally, fixed in the branches of the yellow peaches, and be careful not to be fixed in the fruit stalk. In addition, do not bag the leaves into the bag, on the one hand, to avoid affecting photosynthesis, on the other hand, to reduce the impact on the fruit surface finish. Bagging should be carried out first from top to bottom, from inside to outside order. Late-maturing varieties should pay attention to check the bagging situation, there is a leakage or improper bagging should be made up in a timely manner bagging.

3, fruit fertilizer management

In the production of fresh yellow peaches, more than the use of ? A base two chase? Soil fertilization and fertilization outside the root of the combination of fertilization techniques to promote healthy growth of yellow peach trees.

(1) soil fertilization

There are two main periods of fertilization, the first time to fertilize the time is after the flowers, the second time to fertilize the time is in the yellow peach blossom about 25 days after the fruit enlargement period, in the choice of fertilizers to fast-acting fertilizer, but also can be combined with green manure fertilizer.

The 1st fertilizer to fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer, can mu of urea 15-20 kg; the 2nd fertilizer to potash fertilizer, can mu of potassium sulfate 20 kg, through the two fertilizer, can ensure that the spring tips of the early growth of the fast growth and to meet the timely stop the growth of yellow peaches to ensure that the yield and quality of the yellow peaches.

Soil fertilization, in order to improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, fertilization area should be slightly deeper in the main distribution area of the absorbing root, generally near the periphery of the vertical projection line of the tree crown, the depth of fertilizer application 10 ~ 20 cm.

(2) extra-root fertilizer

In the yellow peach fruit expansion period, through the foliar spraying of a variety of micronutrients, in improving fruit quality at the same time, but also can effectively prevent the occurrence of yellow peach tree rheumatism. Foliar fertilizer can choose 0.1% ~ 0.2% zinc sulfate solution, 0.3% ferrous sulfate with 0.5% urea, 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.

(3) water management

The yellow peach tree root system is aerobic, like water but afraid of moisture, the growth process is very easy because of the large water irrigation caused by hypoxia composting, root rot disease, the emergence of sudden wilting of the leaves phenomenon, that is, the fruit farmers said? Chicken inverted hair? In production, the use of ridge and wet and dry alternate irrigation technology. That is, after planting in the ridge, each time you water, irrigate the side of the ridge, the other side to keep dry, and so the irrigation side of the water holding capacity down to 60% of the maximum water holding capacity, and then water the other side. This method can ensure that the peach tree's water needs, but also to meet its requirements for soil oxygen content.

(4) pest control

In the yellow peach fruit, the main diseases are bacterial diseases such as perforation disease, scab disease, etc., and insect pests are mainly aphids, green blind stinkbugs, pear small heartworm and leafrollers. It can be effectively prevented and controlled by foliar spraying 1~2 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times + 50% fumexazole wettable powder 600 times + 1% mevinphos 1000 times + 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 times, which can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of the above diseases and pests.

The flowering and fruiting period of fresh yellow peaches, management measures are numerous and technical, through the implementation of a series of management measures such as artificial assisted pollination, flower thinning, fruit thinning, bagging, water and fertilizer management, can effectively solve the problems of low fruiting rate, early fruit fall, so as to lay a solid foundation for the final high yield and high quality.