One year, a seventy-year-old Hui Hui, named Erde, in the mountains to open a melon and fruit gardens, planted some cucumbers. He got up early every morning and went to the Yellow River to pick up water to water the cucumbers, his shoulders were swollen, the soles of his feet were skinned, and he carefully nursed the cucumbers, which grew tender and sweet.
On this day the old man of Erde was tired and lay down on the vegetable garden gate and fell asleep.
He had just fallen asleep when he dreamed that a white cloud floated in the sky, which gradually turned into a white-bearded imam, shaking his silver beard, and said to Elder Old Man, "There are two big winds today, so you have to pay attention to them. At noon is a yellow wind that will wilt the cucumbers; in the morning there is a black wind that will cause the cucumbers to drop their tips. No matter how strong the wind, you should not pick the cucumbers off.
The old man woke up and saw that the white-bearded imam was gone, but he saw that the yellow wind from the north covered the sky, and in a flash it blew to Niushoushan. Elder old man carefully look at the cucumber, really a wilted, his heart is very sad, a year's blood and sweat for nothing, but remembered the white-bearded imam's words, it did not move.
In the morning, a black wind, blowing the mountain shaking the ground, the leaves fell layer after layer. The cucumbers were about to fall to the ground, and he was so angry that he took off a wilted and small cucumber and threw it into the Yellow River with all his might. The Yellow River immediately broke a line. Like a fairy with a knife cut, clearly see the bottom of the river, Elder old man down to pounce, the river "wow" and together. The old man is tired and hungry, sitting on the riverbank, blinking, golden flowers dancing, dizzy dizzy what do not know.
Then, Erde old man heard the white-bearded imam said, "This cucumber is the key to conquer the Yellow River, it can be called the Yellow River to cut off the flow of the Yellow River can also be called the Yellow River to listen to the words of people. But now the Yellow River has been tormented by the two Iblis, the Yellow Wind and the Black Wind. You can't be in a hurry, you have to be patient and put in more effort. Next year, you will plant a garden of cucumbers, and when they are ripe, you will pick the biggest one and throw it into the Yellow River. At that time, you go into the hole at the bottom of the river, and the jewels will be picked by you, and the grain seeds will be taken by you, and there will be a precious sword to cut down the dragon and kill the demon, and tame the Yellow River, and wherever you point it, the water of the Yellow River will flow to."
The next year, the industrious Erde old man planted another garden of cucumbers, he was not afraid of the road, not sweat, from the Yellow River to pick water to water the melon. The work is not to be disappointed, and finally, the garden bore a three-foot-long cucumber that grew like a key. The old man was so happy that he slept in the melon garden day and night until the melon was ripe.
On this day, the weather was so clear that there was not a single cloud. The old man took off the three-foot-long cucumber, recited "Taismi" and threw it into the Yellow River. At that moment, the Yellow River roared, cracked a long slit and the rocks at the bottom of the river could be seen clearly. Erde old man down to the bottom of the river, see against the river bank there is a hole, the hole in the pearl agate everything. The old man took some, just to go out, heard a storm roar, a moment on the river rolling waves, a wave higher than a wave. Elder old man picked up the sword to the black whirlwind and yellow whirlwind around dozens of fierce chopping sword. A moment later, the black and yellow winds blew out of the sky.
At this time, the broken seam of the Yellow River gradually closed tightly. The old man remembered the white-bearded imam's instruction that this sword could conquer the Yellow River, and his heart brightened up, thinking: I will tell the Yellow River to fill up the trenches and silt the mountains and beams. The old man holding two swords, to the Yellow River slashed down, the Yellow River water immediately does not flow, as if the front blocked a Great Wall, just section of the rise, from a distance to see really afraid of people.
Three days later, south to Liupan Mountain, west to Helan Mountain, everywhere is water, leaving only a few mountain tip. Only then did Old Man Elder draw his sword and tell the Yellow River to flow forward.
From then on, Ningxia, with its big mountains and deep ravines, turned into a flat river, and the Hui and Han people living on both sides of the Yellow River relied on their own hard-working hands to open canals and make fields, and lived a happy life.
Myths and legends:
Da Yu had three treasures when he ruled the Yellow River, one was the river map; the second was the axe for opening up the mountain; and the third was the sword for avoiding water. Legend has it that the river map was granted to Dayu by Hebo, the god of the Yellow River waters.
Anciently, there was a man named Feng Yi in Tongxiang, Huayin, who did not feel at ease with farming and wanted to become an immortal. He heard that a person could be transformed into an immortal body by drinking the juice of daffodil flowers for a hundred days. So he went around looking for daffodils.
Before Dayu ruled over the Yellow River, the Yellow River flowed into the Central Plains without a fixed channel, roaming everywhere and often flooding. The ground was full of water from the Yellow River, and the ditches were full of water from the Yellow River. Feng Yi hither and thither to find daffodils, often across the Yellow River, across the Yellow River, across the Yellow River, often dealing with the Yellow River. After ninety-nine days, and then find a daffodil flower, sucking the juice of daffodil flowers for a day, you can become immortal. Feng Yi was very proud, and crossed the Yellow River to a small village to look for daffodils. The water here is not deep, Feng Yi trips across the river, to the middle of the river, suddenly the river rises. He panicked, his feet slipped, fell into the Yellow River, and was drowned alive.
After Feng Yi's death, he was full of grievances and hated the Yellow River with all his teeth, so he went to the Jade Emperor to sue the Yellow River. The Jade Emperor heard that the Yellow River has no one to control, flowing everywhere, endangering the people, also very annoyed. He saw that Feng Yi had sucked the juice of narcissus for 99 days and should become immortal, so he asked Feng Yi if he would like to be the god of the Yellow River and rule the Yellow River. Feng Yi was overjoyed. Full of promise. This will fulfill his wish to become an immortal, and will avenge the drowning.
Feng Yi became the water god of the Yellow River and was called He Bo. He has never been a matter of water management, all of a sudden took up the responsibility of governing the Yellow River, helpless, worried. What should he do? He was shallow, and had no magic weapon, so he went to ask the Jade Emperor for advice. The Jade Emperor told him, to manage the Yellow River, the first thing you need to do is to find out the water conditions of the Yellow River, draw a river map, there is a river map of the Yellow River as the basis for the management of the Yellow River will save a lot of trouble.
Hebel, according to the Jade Emperor's instructions, was determined to draw a river map, he first went to his hometown, trying to find the villagers to help. The townspeople hated him for his good nature and no one answered him. He found the old man in the village and told him about his ambition to control the Yellow River. Seeing that he had now become an immortal and wanted to do something good for the people, he agreed to help him. From then on, He Bo and Hou Lao Han traveled in the wind and rain, trekking over the mountains to check the condition of the Yellow River. The two ran for several years, but the old man after the tired and sick. After the old man can only go back, the rest of the Hebo continue along the Yellow River to see the water. After the old man told the river again and again, after the officer to do to the end, do not stop halfway, draw a good map on the hands of the Yellow River management, manpower is not enough, he persuaded the townspeople to help.
Checking the water situation and drawing the river map is a hard job. When the river map was drawn, the river was already old and weak. Hebo looked at the river map, the Yellow River, where deep, where shallow; where good punch dike, where easy to break; where the digging, where the plug; where the water can be cut off, where the flood can be drained, drawing a clear picture. I only sigh that I don't have the energy to manage the Yellow River according to the map, very sad. Hebo thought, one day there will be a capable person to manage the Yellow River, at that time, the river map awarded to him, also counted himself not a waste of effort.
The riverbo lived out his old age under the Yellow River and never showed his face again. Unexpectedly, the Yellow River rose continuously and flooded repeatedly. The people knew that the Jade Emperor had sent He Bo to control the water, but they did not see him, and they scolded He Bo for not doing his duty and not caring about the people.
After the old man in his sick bed every day looking forward to the river uncle, a number of years do not meet. He was uneasy about the management of the Yellow River, and wanted to go to see He Bo. His son's name was Yi, and he was an excellent archer. No matter what Hou Lao Han said, Yi wouldn't let him go to find He Bo. The old man did not listen to his son's advice, but when the Yellow River burst, he was swept away and drowned, and his body was not even found. Hou Yi hated He Bo so much that he gritted his teeth and said that sooner or later he would shoot He Bo to death.
Later, when it was time for Dayu to come out to rule the water, Hebo decided to give him the map of the Yellow River.
On this day, when He Bo heard that Dayu had come to the Yellow River with a mountain-opening axe and a water-avoiding sword, he came out from under the water with the river map and looked for Dayu. Hebo and Dayu had never met and did not recognize anyone. Hebo had been walking for half a day and was so tired that he was about to take a rest when he saw a young man walking on the other side of the river. The young man was so handsome and majestic that he thought he must be Dayu, so he shouted and asked, "Hey, who are you?"
The young man on the other side of the river was not Dayu, but Hou Yi. He looked up and saw an immortal old man shouting from the other side of the river and asked, "Who are you?"
The River Bo said in a loud voice, "I am the River Bo. Are you Da Yu?"
Hou Yi, upon hearing that it was He Bo, burst into a rage, sneered, and said, "I am Da Yu." Then he opened his bow and shot an arrow into the left eye of He Bo without asking any questions. Hebo pulled out the arrow and covered his eye, sweating from the pain. In his heart, he cursed, "Bastard Dayu, so unreasonable!" The more he thought about it, the angrier he got, so he went to tear up the water map. At this moment, a loud shout came from him, "He Bo! Don't tear the map." He Bo endured the pain and looked with his right eye to see a man wearing a bucket hat on the opposite bank, stopping Hou Yi. This man was Dayu, who knew that He Bo had drawn a map of the Yellow River and was about to ask He Bo for advice. Hou Yi pushed Da Yu away and was about to raise his bow again. When Dayu pulled him back, he told him the story of how He Bo had drawn the picture, and Hou Yi regretted that he had shot He Bo blind in the left eye.
Hou Yi traveled with Dayu across the river. Houyi admitted his fault to He Bo. He Bo realized that Hou Yi was the son of Hou Lao Han and did not blame him much. Da Yu said to He Bo, "I am Da Yu, and I have come here to seek your advice on how to rule the Yellow River."
He Bo said, "My heart and soul and the way to rule the river are all on this map, so I'll grant it to you now."
Da Yu took a look at the map and saw that the map was densely packed with circles and dots, and the water conditions of the Yellow River up and down, left, right and left were clearly drawn. He was very happy. He wanted to thank He Bo, but when he looked up, He Bo jumped into the Yellow River and disappeared.
Da Yu got the map of the Yellow River, and worked day and night according to the instructions on the map, and finally cured the Yellow River.
Historical figures:
Xia Yu, Zheng Guo, Jia Jean, Zhang Rong, Wang Jing, Sima Fu, Jiang Shidu, Liu Yan, Ouyang Xiu, Sima Guang, Wang Anshi, Song Yuchen, Su Zhe, Dushi, Zhou Yu, Wan Gong, Pan Jixiang, Yang Yikui, Zhu Zhixi, Jin Fu, Chen Duxi, Gao Bin, Guo Dachang, Li Yumei, Lin Zexu, Wu Dacheng, Zhang Yao
Colloquial sayings:
The Yellow River washed away with the water.
Jumping into the Yellow River, the Yellow River is rich in Ningxia, the richest is Wuzhong, the Yellow River still has a day of clarification, can not people have no luck, the world's Yellow River is rich in Ningxia, the heart of the Yellow River is not dead, do not see the coffin tears do not flow.
Chinese idioms:
The mainstay of the Yellow River,
The sea is clear,
The river is clear and the sea is calm,
The river is clear,
The Yellow River is clear,
The Yellow River is clear,
The Yellow River is clear,
The Yellow River is clear,
The Yellow River is clear,
The Yellow River is rich in Wuzhong. When I look at the capital from the White Flower Wall, the water of the Yellow River is flowing endlessly. The pedestrians in the wilderness in the poor fall have been cut off, and the head of the horse knows who is coming from the east", and "The Yellow River is crossing the river and asking for help.
Du Fu's "Two Songs on the Yellow River" The Hercynian Army on the north bank of the Yellow River, the drums and bells are heard all over the world. I don't know how many times the iron horses roar, and the high noses of the Hu people move into groups. The south bank of the Yellow River is my Shu, and I want to provide for my family without corn. I would like to drive all the people to wear the king, and abandon the gold and jade in a cart of books.
He Jingzhi's "Sanmenxia - Dressing Table": "Looking at the three gates, the three gates are open, the Yellow River goes east and does not come back", "Order Li Bai to change the verse, the Yellow River's water in the hands to come!" .
The Yuan Dynasty poet Sadurat's "Crossing the Ancient Yellow River Embankment": "The Yellow River flowed in ancient times, but now it is used for cultivation. The capital road has turned into a passageway, and the sea has turned into dust."
Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi wrote "Nine curves of the Yellow River, 10,000 miles of sand, waves and winds from the end of the world."
Li Bai, "The waters of the Yellow River come from the sky, and flow to the sea without return," "The Yellow River falls from the sky and walks to the East China Sea, and 10,000 miles of write "The Yellow River can still be plugged, but it is difficult to cut the hatred of the northern wind and rain and snow", "The Yellow River comes from the west and decides the Kunlun, roaring for thousands of miles and touching the Dragon Gate", "I want to cross the Yellow River and the ice is blocking the Sichuan River, and I will climb to the Taihang Mountain and the snow is darkening the sky", "The Western Mountain is in the sky, and there is no return to the sea". ""The Western Mountains are magnificent, the Yellow River is like silk from the sky"" "And explore the tiger's den to the desert, sound the whip and walk the horse over the Yellow River".
Wang Wei's "the only tree in the door, the Yellow River to the sky".
Li Shangyin's "The earth and flowers are deserted, the clouds are vast, and the Yellow River wants to exhaust the sky.
Bai Juyi's "The Yellow River is white, the clouds are white, and the pedestrians are sad by the side of the river".
Song dynasty qiu family "yellow river clear" drum horn Qingxiong accounted for cloud force. I'm glad that the dust is still quiet today. A line at first added, long feel Huangzhou day forever. Outside the building Chongya shadow turn, embracing thousands of riders, the sound of ten thousand wells. The first time people see the Taiping government, dreaming of bears three occupy a good view. Imperial grace night out of the sky door, cloud chapter charm, phoenix and luan flying mirror. Treasure belt with ten thousand nails, and made this day good celebration. The industry such as this is also, the situation of rectification, Jianghuai Dazheng. This time it is just right, return to the dynasty to go, *** transfer gold tripod.
Liu Zhongyong's "The Levies' Complaints" is about the Golden River and the Jade Pass, and about the horse and the sword. The snow returns to the green mound in the spring, and the Yellow River goes around the black mountain in ten thousand miles.
Ballad:
The Yellow River rolls on, the waves turn over, the ox-skin raft is a ship
Nine curves of the Yellow River, eighteen bays, Ningxia rises up to the Tongguan Pass, who is the first of the ten thousand miles of scenery? The boatman's song was written by a man who was a member of the Yellow River boatman's family.
There are dozens of poles on dozens of boats. How many boatmen have come to move the boat?
I know that there are 99 bays on the Yellow River under the sky, and 99 boats on the 99 bays.
Ninety-nine poles on the 99 boats, and 99 helmsmen who come to carry the boats.
I know that the Yellow River has a lot of boats on the Yellow River.
According to the geological evolution history, the Yellow River is a relatively young river. In the late early Pleistocene, 1.15 million years ago, there are only a few disconnected lake basins in the basin, each forming an independent inland water system. Since then, with the uplift of the western plateau, the river erosion, capture, after 1.05 million years of the middle Pleistocene, the lake basins are gradually connected, constituting the prototype of the Yellow River system. To 100,000 to 10,000 years ago in the Late Pleistocene, the Yellow River gradually evolved into a large river from the source of the river to the mouth of the sea up and down through the river.
Because the Yellow River flood water carries a lot of sediment, into the downstream plains after rapid deposition, the main stream in the roaming area, people began to build embankments to prevent flooding, flood channels continue to silt elevation, become higher than the two banks of the "river on the ground", under certain conditions on the overflow flooding, and change to a new way. The drastic degree of migration change of the lower reaches of the Yellow River is unique in the world. According to written records, the Yellow River has been diverted many times. The scope of the change of the river channel starts from the vicinity of Zhengzhou in the west, reaches Tianjin in the north, and reaches the Jianghuai River in the south, with a length of 250,000 square kilometers. During the more than 1,700 years from the fifth year of King Ding of Zhou (602 B.C.) to the second year of Jianyan of the Southern Song Dynasty (1128), most of the Yellow River's migrations took place in the area north of the current course, encroaching on the Haihe River system and flowing into the Bohai Sea. Since 1128 to 1855 more than 700 years, the Yellow River diversion swing in the current channel south of the region, invading the Huaihe River system, into the Yellow Sea. 1855 Yellow River in Henan Lankao Dongba Tou breaks the mouth, only to change the current river channel, take Shandong Daqing River into the Bohai Sea. Due to the continuous change and diversion of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, as well as the influence of the sea invasion and sea recession, the length of the river channel and the watershed area of the lower reaches of the Yellow River are also changing, which is one of the outstanding characteristics of the Yellow River different from other rivers. In ancient times, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River had a mild climate and abundant rainfall, which was suitable for the survival of primitive human beings. The Loess Plateau and the alluvial plains of the Yellow River had loose soil, which was easy to be reclaimed and suitable for the development of primitive agriculture and animal husbandry. The characteristics of loess are favorable for the ancestors to dig holes for settlement. The special natural geographical environment provided better conditions for the development of China's ancient civilization. As early as 1.1 million years ago, "Lantian people" lived in the Yellow River basin. The "Dali People", "Dingcun People" and "Hetao People" also lived and prospered in the basin. A large number of ancient cultural sites, such as Yangshao culture, Majiayao culture, Dawenkou culture, Longshan culture, etc., are located all over the river. These ancient cultural relics are not only large in number and type, but also continue to develop from far to near, systematically showing the development process of China's ancient civilization.
As early as 6000 years ago, agricultural activities began to appear in the basin. About 4,000 years ago, a number of bloodline clan tribes were formed in the basin, among which the two major tribes, the Yan Emperor and the Yellow Emperor, were the most powerful. Later, the Yellow Emperor gained the status of an ally and integrated other tribes to form the "Huaxia tribe". Later generations regarded the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. There is the Yellow Emperor Palace in Xinzheng City, Henan Province, the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor, and the Yellow Emperor Mausoleum in Huangling County, Shaanxi Province, and the descendants of the Yellow Emperor from all over the world recognize the Yellow River Basin as the cradle of the Chinese nation, call the Yellow River the "Mother River" and the "Four Mudders", and regard the Yellow Land as the "mother river", and the "four molesters", and regard the Yellow Land as the "mother river" and "four moles".
From the 21st century B.C. Xia Dynasty, so far more than 4,000 years of history period, the successive dynasties in the Yellow River Basin to build the capital of the time stretches more than 3,000 years. The seven ancient capitals in Chinese history were Anyang, Xi'an, Luoyang and Kaifeng in the Yellow River Basin and its neighboring areas. A large number of oracle bones surviving in Yindu (then belonging to the Yellow River Basin) pioneered Chinese written records. Xi'an (including Xianyang), since the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty to Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, there have been 13 dynasties built the capital, the history of up to 1,000 years, is the famous "eight water emperors and kings". After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang, the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, after Liang Dynasty, after the Zhou Dynasty and other dynasties have built the capital in Luoyang, which lasted for more than 900 years, known as the "ancient capital of the Nine Dynasties". Kaifeng, located on the south bank of the Yellow River, was called Bianliang in ancient times, and King Hui of Wei moved the capital to Daliang in the Spring and Autumn Period, and then built the capital here in the Northern Song Dynasty, which lasted for about 200 years. For a long period of history, the political, economic and cultural center of China has been in the Yellow River basin. The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were the earliest area for the development of science and technology as well as literature and art. Around 2000 B.C., bronzes appeared in the basin, and by the Shang Dynasty, bronze smelting technology had reached a fairly high level, while iron smelting began to appear, marking the development of productive forces to a new stage. Iron adzes and axes unearthed in Luoyang after a series of treatment, indicating that China developed the cast iron softening technology more than 2,000 years earlier than European countries. The "Four Great Inventions" of ancient China - papermaking, movable-type printing, compass and gunpowder - were all developed in the Yellow River Valley. A large number of literary classics, from the Book of Poetry to Tang poetry and Song lyrics, as well as a large number of cultural texts, were also produced here. After the Northern Song Dynasty, the center of economic gravity of the country gradually shifted to the south, but the Yellow River Basin and the lower plains of the Yellow River still play an important role in the process of China's political, economic and cultural development. The long history of the Yellow River basin has left a very precious heritage for the Chinese nation, leaving countless places of interest, which is the pride of our nation.