The oil used in some "foreign fast food" is different from the common vegetable oil traditionally used in China, because it is hydrogenated oil, that is, the oil produced by hydrogenation of vegetable oil. Professor willett, director of the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Harvard University, pointed out in 199 1 that hydrogenated oil produced by hydrogenation of natural vegetable oil is harmful to health! Because hydrogenated oil contains some trans fatty acids that do not exist in nature, trans fatty acids will affect the endocrine system of human body and endanger health. Willett pointed out: "Epidemiological studies on the relationship between the intake of hydrogenated fat and the risk of heart disease and diabetes show that hydrogenated fat is worse than saturated fat".
Foreign fast food and carcinogen -C poison. On April 24, 2002, the Swedish National Security Bureau announced the latest research results, and found that French fries, hamburgers, biscuits, roast pork and so on contained a lot of acrylamide. Because acrylamide damages the central nervous system and can induce benign or malignant tumors, some scholars believe that this explains the high incidence of tumors in western countries. On March 24, 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration announced the inspection results of 750 kinds of foods, which once again confirmed that French fries, potato chips, popcorn and fried chicken had the highest carcinogen content. Cooking conditions at home are good and fresh vegetables are the safest. Europe and America are different from China. Every kitchen has an oven, which is high-temperature cooking. The traditional diet in China is low-temperature cooking. Our rice, noodles and steamed bread are all made of water, which will not exceed 100 degrees Celsius, much lower than baking. Cooking can be cooked in a short time, and the combination of high temperature and low temperature not only helps to keep the nutrients from losing, but also meets the needs of surface sterilization and reduces the oxidation of oil. So the traditional cooking methods of China people are very safe.
On March 2, 2005, the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations jointly issued a warning that many foods in "foreign fast food" contain a large amount of C poison, which will cause serious harm to human health. How does Chengdu foreign fast food, which is booming in business, express its position on this? How do consumers react? Can foreign fast food still be eaten? The reporter made a special visit yesterday.
Experts from Sichuan Nutrition Society said that "foreign fast food" has the characteristics of three highs (high calorie, high fat and high protein) and three lows (low minerals, low vitamins and low dietary fiber). Now people have called "foreign fast food" junk food. For example, many "foreign fast food" are rich in saturated fatty acids which are extremely harmful to cardiovascular diseases. Excessive intake will lay a hidden danger for cardiovascular diseases, and this hidden danger will generally take about 20 years to appear.
In addition, fried, roasted, baked and baked foods contain carcinogenic toxin-acrylamide (abbreviated as C-poison), which is abundant in foreign fast food. 30% ~ 40% of all food-related cancers are related to C-poison.
Carbon poisoning process
1. Acrylamide is soluble in water and quickly absorbed by digestive organs after entering human body.
2. After a few hours, about half of them are excreted in urine, and the rest are latent.
3. Long-term exposure will lead to genetic variation and chromosome abnormality.
acrylamide
Respondents: eooe 155 166- scholar level 3 2- 13 20: 14.
Nutrition is the material basis of life and health, and a healthy diet is the only way to ensure reasonable nutrition. At every stage of life, the significance of reasonable nutrition can not be ignored. Childhood is the peak of life development. During this period, in addition to maintaining the body's metabolism, there must be an appropriate amount of storage to ensure the demand for sustainable growth and development. Once this important period is missed, it will cause irreparable losses to children's physical development and healthy growth. And children with good nutrition will better improve their growth and development and various abilities. However, we also have to admit that there are still some problems that cannot be ignored in the health of primary and secondary school students. These problems are closely related to children's eating habits. Therefore, the research group of "Study on the Living Habits of Urban Children in China" of China Youth Research Center specially investigated the eating habits of urban children, focusing on six major cities: Changchun, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Lanzhou and Chengdu. The subjects of investigation are children aged 8- 13, that is, students in grades 3-6 of primary school and 1-2 of middle school, as well as their parents or other elders. The study found that there are four misunderstandings in the diet of primary and secondary school students.
Myth 1: The proportion of "junk food" in snacks is high.
The survey found that 95% of urban primary and secondary school students eat snacks, and children who eat snacks every day account for 13.8% of the total. Among them, 12.6% of primary school students eat snacks every day, 16. 1% of middle school students eat snacks every day. Only 2.3% people never eat snacks. In the choice of snacks, taste is the primary factor that determines the choice of most children. 74.5% children think that snacks should be delicious first, followed by cleanliness and hygiene. 70.4% children also consider cleanliness and hygiene when choosing snacks. On the surface, this figure is not low, but in fact, 73.6% of primary and secondary school students buy mutton kebabs, mala Tang, cold rice noodles and other foods sold on roadside stalls, and the sanitary conditions of these foods are worrying. This shows that when children choose food, they still put taste first, and hygiene is not a special consideration. The survey found that nutrition, the most important factor, became the third largest factor in purchasing snacks. In addition, the snacks that primary and middle school students often eat are mostly fruits, candy or chocolate, bread or biscuits, puffed food, cakes, instant noodles and mutton skewers, with the selection ratios of 365,438+0.3%, 30.4% and 34.65,438+0% respectively. Many of these snacks are junk food!
Scientific tip:
The top ten junk foods in the world announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) are: fried foods; Pickled food; Processing meat food (dried meat, floss, sausage, etc. ); Cookies (excluding low-temperature baking and graham crackers); Soda cola food; Convenience food (mainly instant noodles and puffed food); Canned food (including fish and fruit); Plum food (preserved fruit); Frozen dessert foods (ice cream, popsicles, all kinds of ice cream); Barbecue food.
Advice to parents:
It is children's nature to love snacks. Eating some snacks properly is good for children. The key is to strictly control "quality" and "quantity", choose the right snacks and master the right quantity:
When buying snacks, let children participate, introduce some nutrition knowledge to children, and choose healthy snacks, such as fruits, dairy products, bean products, nuts and so on.
It is advisable to control the amount of snacks children eat so as not to affect their appetite for dinner.
⊙ Reasonably guide and arrange the time for children to eat snacks. It is easier to eat snacks between meals, so don't eat them near the main meal, so as not to affect the appetite of the main meal. Generally speaking, breakfast is simple and small. At about 10 in the morning, children can eat a small amount of high-energy snacks, such as low-sugar biscuits and cakes. If there is still a long time before dinner after school in the afternoon, children can eat some fruit first; Drinking a glass of milk after meals is also good for children.
Don't eat snacks before bed. Eating snacks before going to bed will increase the burden on gastrointestinal tract, which is not conducive to food digestion and sleep. In addition, if you don't pay attention to brushing your teeth before going to bed, the food residue left between your teeth is not good for your teeth, and it will also cause dental caries in the long run.
Don't eat snacks while watching TV. Eating snacks while watching TV will unconsciously eat a lot of snacks. Studies have found that children who watch TV for a long time are prone to obesity, which is related to eating snacks.
Parents should cultivate their children to like those natural and original foods, learn to taste and like the taste of the food itself.
Pay attention to hygiene when eating snacks. Don't eat unclean snacks, especially those that grab your mouth directly. Always wash your hands before eating.
Myth 2: More than 80% of primary and secondary school students like to eat "foreign fast food"
Children love foreign fast food far more than their parents. 37.0% of primary and middle school students admit that they like foreign fast food very much, 48.2% like it, 85.2% like it, and only1.1%don't like it. The survey also found that 43.6% of children eat "foreign fast food" every month, of which 6. 1% eat "several times a week" and "almost every day". Holidays, birthdays, good test scores and getting together with classmates are all reasons why children eat foreign fast food, accounting for 30% to 40%. In addition, the younger the children, the higher their love for foreign fast food, with 25.5% middle school students and 43.0% primary school students saying that they like foreign fast food very much.
Why do children love foreign fast food so much? The survey found that 66. 1% of primary and middle school students think that foreign fast food is delicious, which is the most attractive point of foreign fast food. Pupils pay more attention to toys and gifts sent by restaurants, while middle school students pay more attention to the convenience of fast food. Only 13.3% people think that the nutritional value is high. It can be seen that although many people know that foreign fast food is unreasonable in nutrition, they still love it.
Scientific tip:
Many parents don't like to eat foreign fast food. The survey shows that 49.0% parents of primary and middle school students don't like to eat foreign fast food, and 15.5% parents don't like to eat foreign fast food very much. Nevertheless, in real life, many parents reward their children with foreign fast food. Parents often like to take their children to eat foreign fast food to celebrate or as a reward for their children when they have a birthday or get good grades in the final exam. A mother said in an interview: "Every holiday or child's birthday, we take him to McDonald's. The child has a good time and we are very happy."
Advice to parents:
Eating too much foreign fast food is not conducive to children's growth and physical and mental health, but more and more foreign fast food all over the streets is really a great temptation for children. Parents should teach their children to treat foreign fast food rationally;
Parents should have a clear understanding of the nutritional defects of foreign fast food and the possible consequences to the health, and should often introduce and publicize the negative effects of eating fast food on the health.
Limit the frequency of eating foreign fast food. Children can taste foreign fast food, but it cannot be part of their daily diet. They shouldn't eat it often, every day, or even while eating. It is enough to visit once a month or two.
Pay attention to the choice of food varieties. We should choose varieties with vegetables, such as vegetable salad and corn cob. To supplement vitamins, minerals and cellulose, it is not advisable to eat high-calorie fried foods such as French fries and apple pie; You should choose healthy foods such as milk, fresh fruit juice or vegetable soup, and try not to choose high-sugar drinks such as cola;
Choose small portions of food. Whether it's hamburgers, French fries, milkshakes or cola, the larger the portion, the more calories, and the more fat, cholesterol and sodium may be. When ordering, please choose small portions of food. Parents can also share a piece of food with their children. Just order a French fries or hamburger and share it with the children. Halve calories and double the fun!
Try not to eat foreign fast food at night. After eating fast food at noon, try to eat less meat and more fruits and vegetables at dinner to ensure a balanced diet throughout the day.
Don't reward children with foreign fast food. Don't treat eating foreign fast food as a reward for children's good academic performance or other achievements, so as to avoid children's thirst for foreign fast food.
Children can't eat foreign fast food when they are sick. Children are often afraid to see a doctor when they are ill. Some parents promised to take their children to eat foreign fast food when they were sick in order to let their children cooperate with doctors. This practice is very dangerous. Children should try to eat some light food after illness. Fried food and iced drinks in foreign fast food will only aggravate their illness.
Myth 3: Breakfast is the easiest to miss, and emotional eating is serious.
The survey shows that breakfast is the most easily overlooked or neglected. 77% people eat breakfast every day, and the remaining 23% people eat it most of the time (15%), seldom eat it (7.3%) and never eat it (0.6%). The survey also found that with the growth of grade, the proportion of "seldom eating" and "never eating" breakfast increased gradually, from 7.4% in primary school to 9. 1% in middle school, while the proportion of eating breakfast every day decreased from 80.4% in primary school to 70.3%. The result of skipping breakfast usually makes it difficult for children to concentrate and affects their learning efficiency in the morning. Time is not enough, you are not hungry or don't want to eat, you don't want to eat because of trouble, you don't care if you eat or not, you don't like breakfast, and you save money. Many families also have irregular meals, among which 45.7% have irregular meals at home, and 16.3% often have irregular meals. Over time, it will make children lose their appetite, and the secretion of digestive juice will be disordered, which will seriously affect the digestion and absorption of food. In addition, the problems of making do with lunch and overeating at dinner are also very prominent. Emotional eating also has a great influence on children. The survey shows that 6.2% of primary and middle school students want to eat food "often" and 27.7% want to eat it "sometimes". 9.3% of primary and middle school students "often" eat a lot or don't eat when they are in a bad mood, 14.7% of children "sometimes". These emotional meals often disrupt the normal order of three meals a day, which in turn encourages the bad habit of missing meals.
Scientific tip:
Skipping meals is not a small problem, which usually affects learning efficiency, makes it difficult to concentrate and aggravates fatigue. What's more, the lack of meals will make children miss some nutrition. Lack of meals often leads to children eating too many snacks or overeating at the next meal. The interval between meals should be 4-6 hours. Eating at a relatively fixed time every day, the secretion of digestive glands and the peristalsis of digestive tubes will form a law. If you don't eat on time, it will cause digestive juice secretion disorder and loss of appetite, which will seriously affect the digestion and absorption of food. Over time, it will easily lead to digestive dysfunction and digestive system diseases.
Advice to parents:
A healthy diet is an indispensable prerequisite for the healthy growth of children, and eating a good breakfast is an important aspect of a healthy diet. When children eat breakfast, parents should pay attention to the following matters:
Pay attention to the rationality of nutrition collocation of breakfast food. Breakfast should include cereals, vegetables, fruits, meat and milk. Try to eat less food with high sugar content to prevent dental caries and obesity. Ensure a certain amount of milk or dairy products for breakfast, and do not use milk-containing drinks instead of milk. Don't drink yogurt on an empty stomach.
Parents should always change the breakfast mode, combining dry and wet, combining meat and vegetables, and combining shades. It is not convenient to give children fried food such as fried dough sticks and hemp balls every day.
Parents should have breakfast with their children every day. According to the survey of parents, 73.3% parents eat breakfast every day, 18.3% parents eat breakfast most of the time, and 8.4% parents seldom or never eat breakfast. This shows that children who don't eat breakfast are influenced by their parents to some extent.
If the child has no appetite before breakfast, let the child exercise 10 minutes before eating. You can also let your child drink a glass of water or juice after getting up to stimulate appetite. Bring breakfast bit by bit, don't take everything out at once, you can start with the lightest (fruit, yogurt) or his favorite food.
Work and rest rules, let children develop the habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Dinner should be light, and the meal time should not be too late, lest the children eat too much dinner and have no appetite for breakfast.
If the child really doesn't want to eat anything in the morning, then you can give him some drinks to ensure hydration and prepare a spare food for him to eat later.
Myth 4: Most people eat too fast and ignore the dining atmosphere.
With the intensification of social modernization, the pace of urban life is getting faster and faster. Not only adults are busy, but even children are eager to eat. The survey found that primary and secondary school students generally eat too fast, especially breakfast and lunch. 20.3% of the respondents finished their breakfast within 5 minutes, and 85.5% of the children could finish their breakfast within 15 minutes. Lunch is also a quick victory. 18.3% of the children finished their lunch in 10 minutes, and 72.5% finished their lunch in 20 minutes. Only dinner can be a little leisurely, but 47. 1% of the children finish their dinner in 20 minutes, of which 1.7% in 5 minutes, 8.2% in 6- 10 minutes,1-655.
With the accelerated pace of modern life, people eat faster and faster, and parents spend less and less time with their children. The survey found that only 64.8% of mothers can accompany their children to eat every day in a week, and 10.8% of mothers accompany their children to eat less than four times a week. Father's condition is more serious. Only 45.6% fathers can accompany their children to eat every day, 15.8% fathers accompany their children to eat less than four times.
94.6% of primary and middle school students like eating at home very much, and only 5.4% of them don't. Why don't these children like eating at home? Primary school students think that being criticized while eating is one of the main reasons why they don't like eating at home, while for middle school students, parents' lack of freedom is one of the main reasons why they avoid eating at home. Among them, 5. 1% primary school students and 6.9% middle school students are often criticized by their parents when eating, and 16.7% primary school students and 2 1.7% middle school students are sometimes criticized by their parents. 35.0% of primary school students and 42.2% of middle school students are occasionally criticized by their parents, while only 43.2% of primary school students and even fewer middle school students have never been criticized during meals, accounting for only 29.2%.
Scientific tip:
Children's meal time should not be less than 20 minutes per meal. Eating too fast will make the food not fully chewed, which will not only increase the digestive burden of the gastrointestinal tract, but also reduce the proportion of food nutrition digestion and absorption, and will not arouse children's interest in diet. Eating too fast can easily lead to overeating and obesity. In addition, when parents criticize and blame their children during meal time, they often make their children nervous, and the excited digestive glands will also be suppressed, which will reduce the sensitivity of the taste nervous system, greatly reduce the secretion of digestive juice, reduce appetite, and make it difficult for food to be fully digested and absorbed, leading to indigestion and even a series of symptoms of digestive dysfunction such as nausea and vomiting. Over time, it is easy to get stomach trouble, or make the original stomach trouble worse. In addition, parents' bad stimulation may also form bad conditioned reflex in children. When eating, children are on pins and needles at the dinner table, which makes them feel depressed and troubled, especially nervous and habitually afraid of eating. Over time, they may be anorexic, which may induce children's mental illness.
Advice to parents:
In order to ensure children's healthy diet, increase communication opportunities between parents and children, and enhance parent-child feelings, parents are advised to pay attention to the following matters:
Try to eat together at least once a day.
If your family members can't get together all the time, you can fix some nights for the whole family to eat together. Make a good plan and form a system, which makes it easier to stick to it.
Don't read books or watch TV when eating, whether it's children or parents.
Don't discuss anything too complicated or disappointing while eating, and don't quarrel, argue or complain. Parents should not blame their children either. Everyone can tell some happy things, recall the happy experience of the day and enjoy the feeling of being together.
Playing soothing music is conducive to relaxing and creating a warm atmosphere.
Chew slowly, fully mobilize the warm and peaceful atmosphere at the dinner to help digestion.
In order to have a scientific meal time, children should be taught to arrange their time reasonably, especially after getting up in the morning or before going to bed at night, so as to gain time and make the meal time more abundant. Try to arrange the dinner time reasonably and don't let the children eat too fast.
What is "juice drink syndrome"
Drinks such as cola and orange juice cannot replace boiled water. A 7-year-old boy likes to drink cola, juice and other drinks since he was a child. Every summer, he never leaves his feet and hardly drinks boiled water. Therefore, he often has symptoms such as diarrhea and lethargy. After going to the hospital for examination, I was diagnosed as "juice urine". According to the doctor, every summer, the number of "chubby piers" who go to the hospital increases obviously. Nearly 90% of the children always like to drink juice. Many children have high urine sugar, and there is no other discomfort except mild diarrhea and lethargy. This new disease of children is "juice urine". Researchers at Southampton University surveyed more than 65,438,000 children and found that 70% of them used drinks instead of water. These children often show loss of appetite, hyperactivity, bad temper and underweight. This condition is called "juice drink syndrome".
Comparative experiment of breakfast
The Department of Medical Nutrition of Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences conducted a comparative breakfast experiment for pupils aged about 10 in two primary schools in Guangzhou. The breakfast energy and nutrients of the primary school students in the first group meet the daily recommended dietary supply standard recommended by the Nutrition Society of China, while the breakfast of the primary school students in the second group is almost the same as that of many children at present, with insufficient energy and nutrients. The intake of protein and other nutrients in the two groups was similar. After a week's breakfast experiment, it was found that the students in the first group performed better in mathematical operation, creativity and endurance tests than those in the second group.
Three unscientific breakfast modes for children
Casual-most of the food is leftovers from the previous day, and what you eat, quantity and nutrition can't guarantee your needs.
Pure protein type-only drink a glass of milk or a fried egg with little or no sugar. Children who eat this kind of breakfast have a relatively stable blood sugar level all morning, so it is difficult to think quickly and their long-term memory is poor.
Eat only carbohydrates-only eat a lot of steamed bread and porridge, but lack of protein. At first, these children's blood sugar levels were high, they were active and energetic, but their blood sugar levels dropped rapidly, which led to the progressive decline of their thinking and memory abilities.