1, Kunqu opera-the mother of China opera

Kunqu Opera, also known as "Kunqu Opera", "Kunqu Opera" and "Kunqu Opera", is an ancient opera. It was produced in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province during the reign of Jiajing and Qin Long in Ming Dynasty. It became popular after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and the legendary dramas at that time were mostly sung by Kunqu Opera. It has a history of more than 400 years. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, he became the largest drama in China and dominated the drama world for more than 200 years. Almost all the existing local operas with a long history in China have been influenced by the art of Kunqu Opera, so they are known as the "mother of Chinese opera". In addition to maintaining the characteristics of early Kunqu Opera, Nankun has also formed many branches throughout the country, such as Kunyi, Xiangkun and Chuankun in the north. The style of Kunqu Opera is beautiful, gentle, delicate and lyrical, and the performance is singing and dancing, and the program is rigorous. It is the Peony Pavilion, the representative of China classical opera.

2. High cavity

High-pitched tune is a general term for a kind of traditional Chinese opera tune system. It was originally called "Yiyang Opera" or "Yi Opera" because it originated in Yiyang, Jiangxi. It is characterized by simple performance, popular lyrics, high-pitched and exciting singing, one person singing while everyone is in harmony, and only golden drums are used to beat the festival without orchestral accompaniment. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it has spread from Jiangxi to all parts of the country, and has formed different styles of high-pitched tunes in various places, such as Sichuan Opera, xiang opera Opera and Gan Opera. Lady's Play, No.3 Scholar, Eight Immortals Bridge

3. Bangzi cavity

Bangzi opera is a general term for a kind of opera vocal system. It originated from the "Shan-Shan Bangzi" at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and is characterized by high-pitched and vigorous singing and clapping with wooden bangers. Then, it developed eastward and southward, forming different forms of Bangzi cavity in different areas, such as Shanxi Bangzi, Hebei Bangzi, Henan Bangzi and Shandong Bangzi. Mu Guiying in command,

4. Peking Opera-Oriental "Opera"

Peking Opera, also known as "Pihuang", is composed of two basic tones, Xipi and Erhuang, and it also sings some local tunes (such as Liuzi Opera and Blowing Opera) and Kunqu Qupai. It was named after its formation in Beijing, and it was around 1840. It prevailed in the 1930s and 1940s, and was sometimes called "national drama". Now it is still a big drama with national influence. It is a representative of modern China opera, with its comprehensive business, mature performance and magnificent momentum. It is the quintessence of China. Outwit Tiger Mountain, The Red Lantern, Farewell My Concubine

5. Pingju

In the late Qing Dynasty, Pingju was formed on the basis of the ditty "Opposite Lotus Falls" in Luanxian County, Hebei Province. It was first popular in rural areas of Hebei Province and then entered Tangshan, which was called "Tangshan Luozi". It was popular in Northeast China around the 1920s, and a number of actresses appeared. After 1930s, Pingju became more and more mature under the influence of Peking Opera and Hebei Bangzi, and schools such as Bai Yushuang, Xi Cailian and Ai Lianjun appeared. /kloc-After 0/950, plays such as Liu Qiaoer, Flowers as Media, Tell on Sister Yang, and Qin Xianglian had a great influence throughout the country, and famous actors such as Xin Fengxia, Xiao Bai Yushuang and Wei Rongyuan appeared. Pingju is still popular in Hebei and Beijing.

6. Hebei Bangzi

Hebei Bangzi, a Bangzi opera popular in Hebei and Beijing, originated from Shanshan Bangzi at the junction of Shanshan and Shaanxi, spread to Hebei via Shanxi, and was formed by combining Hebei and Beijing dialects. It keeps the characteristics of bangbangqiang, sings loudly and violently, and is good at performing tragic plots. Hebei Bangzi's famous plays include Butterfly Cup, Yuanmen Chopping Son, Du Shiniang and so on.

7. Jin Opera

Jin Opera, also known as "Zhonglu Bangzi", developed from Shanshan Bangzi at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi to Shanxi, and was formed by combining the characteristics of Shanxi language. Now it is popular in central Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei. It keeps the characteristics of clapping with clapping, and its musical style is not only high-pitched, but also gentle and delicate. The performance is popular and simple. Famous plays include "Golden Branch", "Little Banquet" and "Selling Paintings to Split the Door".

8. Pu Opera

Pu Opera, also known as "Puzhou Bangzi", was developed from Shanshan Bangzi at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi, which is the original Shanshan Bangzi. Now it is popular in the southwest of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan, and it is similar to Shaanxi in sound cavity, and the language is also Shaanxi dialect. Famous plays include Hanging Paintings, Killing Dogs and Killing Post Stations.

9. Shangdang Bangzi

Shangdang Bangzi, one of the four major Bangzi in Shanxi, is developed from Puzhou Bangzi in the southwest of Shanxi and is popular in Shangdang area in the southeast of Shanxi. Besides Bangzi, its vocal cavity also sings Kunqu Opera, Pihuang Opera and Luoluo Opera. Plays include "Three Customs Banquets" and "Dongmenhui".

10, Wild Goose Opera

Yan Opera, also known as "North Road Bangzi", developed from "Puzhou Bangzi" and is popular in the northwest of the mountain, Zhangjiakou, Hebei and Inner Mongolia. It is said that it has a great influence on the formation of Hebei Bangzi. Plays include Bloody Handprints and Jinshui Bridge.

1 1, Shaanxi Opera

Shaanxi Opera, also known as Shaanxi Bangzi, is the earliest Bangzi Opera, which was formed in the middle of Ming Dynasty. His performance is rough and simple, his singing is loud and exciting, his voice is like a roar, and he is good at expressing tragic plots. The repertoires include Butterfly Cup, You Gui Shan, Three Drops of Blood and so on.

12, table for two

Errentai, a popular opera in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, was formed on the basis of Inner Mongolia folk songs and Shanxi folk tunes, and then gradually matured by absorbing the performance elements of Shanxi Opera. The performance is full of life and the lyrics are popular. Most of the plays are small plays that show rural life, such as "Walking West" and "Five Brothers Pasturing Sheep".

13, Ji Opera

Ji Opera is a popular opera in Jilin Province. In 1950s, it was developed on the basis of "Errenzhuan" in Northeast China, with light tunes, popular words and expressions, simple and popular performances, and plays such as Selling Lines in Yan Qing and Bao Gong's Compensation.

14, Longjiang Opera

Longjiang opera, popular in Heilongjiang province, was formed in the 1950s on the basis of "Errenzhuan", pull-out opera, shadow play and local folk songs in Northeast China. Its performances are relaxed and humorous, and its lyrics are popular. Plays include Shuang Suoshan, Baoyu in the Waste Hall, etc.

15, Henan Opera

Henan Opera, also known as "Henan Bangzi". At the end of Ming Dynasty, Shaanxi Bangzi, which was introduced into Henan, was developed by combining Henan dialect and folk tunes, and now it is popular in Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and other provinces. Originally, there were four major schools, namely, Eastern Henan, Western Henan, Xiangfu and Sha Hetiao. Now, Eastern Henan and Western Henan are the main schools. Chang Xiangyu, Chen Suzhen, Cui Lantian, Ma Jinfeng, Yan Lipin and other famous actresses have appeared. The repertoires include Mu Guiying in Command, Matchmaker, Hua Da Chao, Hua Zhuan Gun and modern drama Chaoyanggou.

16, overshoot

Yuediao, a local opera in Henan, is popular in Henan and northern Hubei. It is also called "four-stranded string" because it is the main accompaniment instrument. The music is mainly board cavity, and it also sings Qupai. Famous actors include Shen Fengmei. The repertoires include Jiang Wei, Li Tianbao's Briding, Zhuge Liang's Mourning, etc.

17, Henan opera

Henan Quju, a local opera in Henan Province, is popular in Henan Province and the northwest of Hubei Province, and developed from Quyi "Henan Quzi". Singing softly and tactfully, he is good at tragic content. Plays include Juan Xi Tong, Chen Sanliang, Hua Ting Hui and so on.

18, Shandong Bangzi

Shandong Bangzi, a local opera in Shandong Province, is popular in Heze, Shandong Province. Because of its ancient name "Cao Zhou", it is also called "Cao Zhou Bangzi". This bangzi system was formed after changes from Shanshan Bangzi to Shandong via Henan. The main plays are "The Story of the Wall".

19, Lu Opera

Lu Opera, a local opera in Shandong Province, is popular in central Shandong, Jiangsu and Henan. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was developed from the folk rap art "Shandong Qinshu", and 1950 was named "Lu Opera". The performance of Lu Opera is full of life flavor, popular and simple, with simple singing tunes and easy learning and singing. Therefore, Lu Opera has a great influence in the vast rural areas. Plays include Wang Dingbao's Loan, Sister-in-law Xian and modern drama Li Er's wife remarried.

20. Huai Opera

Huai Opera, a local opera in Jiangsu Province, is popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai and Anhui. It originated from Jiangsu folk drama, and then absorbed the artistic factors of Huizhou opera and gradually developed and matured. His performance is rough and simple. The repertoire includes the traditional drama "Female Trial", "Three Women Grab the Board" and the new drama "Golden Dragon and the Ephemera".

2 1, Shanghai Opera

Shanghai Opera, a local opera popular in Shanghai, originated from the folk songs in Pudong, Shanghai, and later formed the Shanghai Tan Spring tune, which was influenced by Suzhou Tan Spring. In 1930s, it was performed in Shanghai in the form of civilized drama, and it was named Shanghai Opera. Most of the plays are modern themes, such as Crying and Laughing Marriage, Lohan Money, Ludang Fire and so on.

22. farce

Burlesque is a kind of traditional Chinese opera popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang. The "one-man show" originated in Shanghai, and later developed into a farce with complicated tunes and funny performances. The main repertoires are San Mao's Students' Intention and 123 quick march.

23. Yue Opera

Yue Opera is a local opera popular in Zhejiang. It originated from "Du Ban" in Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province, and entered Shanghai around 19 16 to perform in the name of "Shaoxing Literature and Opera". First, it was dominated by actors, and then it became dominated by actresses. After 1938, the name "Yue Opera" was used. 1942 The actress of Yue Opera headed by Yuan Xuefen reformed her performance and singing, absorbed the strengths of the performance art of Kunqu Opera, and formed a gentle and delicate performance style. There are many artistic schools such as Yuan (Xuefen) School, Yin (Gui Fang) School, Fan (Ruijuan) School, Fu (Quanxiang) School and Xu (Yulan) School. Yue Opera plays include Xianglinsao, butterfly lovers, A Dream of Red Mansions, Five Women Celebrating Birthdays, The West Chamber and so on.

24. Wu Opera

Wu Opera, a local opera popular in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, is also called "Jinhua Opera". It is a multi-voice opera. Its vocal cavity is composed of Gao Qiang, Kunqu Opera, Tan Chun and Hui Diao, each with its own repertoire and performance characteristics. The repertoires include Monks and Monks' Meeting, Peony to Class, Broken Bridge, etc.

25. Shao Opera

Shao Opera, a local opera popular in Shaoxing and Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, was formed in the late Ming Dynasty. Taking "357" and "Erfan" as the main vocal cavity, he is good at martial arts in performance, and his style is rough and simple. Plays include Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, Long Hudou, Hanging Impermanence, etc.

26. Hui Opera

Anhui Opera, a popular opera in Anhui, Jiangsu and other regions, was formed in the mid-Qing Dynasty, and it is a multi-voice opera. The main voices are Bazi, Chuiqiang and Erhuang, and it also sings Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang and Xipi. 1790, Huiban went to Beijing to celebrate his birthday as Qianlong, which later evolved into Peking Opera. Most of the plays are historical themes, such as "Seven Armies under Water" based on the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

27, Huangmei Opera-fragrant earthy breath

Huangmei Opera, which originated in Huangmei County, Hubei Province, developed and expanded in Anqing, Anhui Province. Its predecessor was the tea-picking tune in Huangmei area, and after the middle of Qing Dynasty, it formed a folk opera called "Huangmei tune", which was sung in Anqing dialect. In 1950s, under the reform of Yan Fengying and others, the performance became more and more mature and developed into a local drama in Anhui. Famous plays include "A Fairy Match", "Cowherd and Weaver Girl" and "Female Xu". The melody is melodious and euphemistic, beautiful and moving, with a fragrant earthy flavor, which is deeply loved by people everywhere.

28. Fujian Opera

Fujian opera, a kind of opera popular in Fujian. It rose in the middle of Ming Dynasty and basically took shape in Qing Dynasty, but on a smaller scale. At the beginning of the 20th century, the influence of Beijing Opera became larger and larger, and the vocal cavity was basically complete, including five kinds: funny cavity, foreign songs, Jianghu, minor and bange. Plays include Lian Yin and Swan Banquet.

29. Puxian Opera

Puxian Opera, a local opera in Fujian, formerly known as Xinghua Opera, was fully mature in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and was popular in Putian and Xianyou. The music is Qupai style, and the performance is quite ancient and elegant and lyrical. Plays include Zhang Xie's No.1 Scholar, After Reunion, Spring Grass Rushing into the Hall, etc.

30. Liyuan Opera

Liyuan Opera, a kind of opera with a long history, can be regarded as a "living fossil" of opera. It has preserved many southern operas in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, such as Zhu Wen's Ghosts, Jing, Liu, Worship and Killing. After the 1950s, Dong Sheng and Li Shi and Jie Fu Yin were edited and performed.

3 1, Gaojia Opera

Gaojia Opera, popular in Jinjiang and Longxi areas of Fujian Province, originated in the middle of Qing Dynasty, and then absorbed the performance factors and repertoire of Liyuan Opera, and gradually became large-scale. In the 1920s, influenced by Peking Opera, it gradually matured. It takes clowns as its main business, and its performance is like a puppet, which is very distinctive. Plays include "Continuous Promotion to Level 3" and "Jin Kuixing".

32. Gan Opera

Gan Opera, a popular opera in the northeast of Jiangxi Province, developed from Yiyang Opera in Ming Dynasty, which is composed of Yiyang Opera, Qingyang Opera, Kunqu Opera, Luantan Opera, etc. Plays include Dou E Yuan, Jing Chai Ji, Pearl Ji, Rebirth Ji and so on.

33. Tea picking drama

Tea-picking opera, a popular opera in Jiangxi, is mainly developed by the combination of folk songs and dances sung by local tea farmers when picking tea. Jiangxi tea-picking drama is divided into East, South, West, North and Middle, and has its own characteristics in performance. Plays include Sun Cheng Dajiu and so on.

34. Han Opera

Han Opera generally refers to the operas popular in Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi and other places. It originated in Hubei and was formerly called "Chu Tune" or "Han Tune". The main tune is Xipi Tune, which also sings Erhuang Tune. So far, it has a history of nearly 300 years. The main repertoires are Cosmic Front, Two Plums, Shentao University and so on. In addition, there are also Han operas in Changde, Hunan and Guangdong, all of which are multi-cavity operas, which are very different from those in Hubei.

35. xiang opera

Xiang opera, a local opera in Hunan Province, is popular in Changsha and Xiangtan. It originated from Yiyang Opera in Ming Dynasty, and later absorbed Kunqu Opera and Pihuang Opera, forming a multi-cavity opera including high-pitched, low-brand, Kunqu Opera and random play. Plays are mainly high-pitched and random, such as Pipa, White Rabbit and Moon Worship.

36. Qi Opera

Qi Opera, also known as "Qiyang Opera", is popular in Qiyang and Shaoyang, Hunan Province. It originated from Yiyang Opera in the Ming Dynasty, and its vocal cavity is mainly high-pitched, and it also sings Kunqu Opera and Tanqiang Opera. The repertoires include Biography of Mu Lian, Biography of Jing Zhong, Master's Play, Guanyin Play, etc.

37. Hunan Flower Drum Opera

Hunan Huagu Opera is a general term for Huagu and Lantern Opera in Hunan, including Changsha Huagu, Yueyang Huagu, Changde Huagu, Hengyang Huagu, Shaoyang Huagu, etc. They have different stage languages and formed their own styles. The performance of Huagu Opera is simple, cheerful and lively, with niche, xiaodan and clown as its main trades, and it is good at using towels of fans. Plays include "Bird Shooting" and "Chopping firewood with bangs".

38. Cantonese Opera

Cantonese opera is popular in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia and other Cantonese language areas. Formed in the early Qing Dynasty, it was formed by the combination of high-pitched, Kunqu, Pihuang and Bangzi imported from other places and local folk music. Music is both a board cavity and a musical style. Plays include Search Academy and Guan Hanqing.

39. Chaozhou Opera

Chaozhou Opera is popular in Shantou, southern Fujian and Taiwan Province. Mainly influenced by Yiyang Opera, Kunqu Opera and Han Opera imported from other places, it was formed in the middle of Ming Dynasty, and many works of Song and Yuan Dynasties were preserved in the repertoire, such as Chen Sanwu Niang, Sweeping the Window, Lulin Hui and so on.

40. Guangxi Opera

Guangxi Opera, popular in northeastern Guangxi and southern Hunan, was formed in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Its singing style is mainly skin yellow, and it also sings Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang Opera and Blowing Opera. Plays include Grab an Umbrella, Pick up a Jade Bracelet, Edge of the Cabinet, etc.

4 1, color tone

Color tone, formerly known as "tune" or "tea picking", is popular in Guangxi. Formed on the basis of local folk songs and dances, it has a history of nearly 200 years. 1955 was named "Caidiao". Its performance is free and lively, full of life breath. The most famous play is Third Sister Liu.

42. Zhuang Opera

Zhuang opera, popular in Guangxi, Yunnan and other Zhuang areas, is divided into two factions: South Road and North Road. The former originated from the local "bench play", and its main plays are Wenlong and Shawnee. The latter originated from the "Double Spring Play", and its main play is "Treasure Hulu".

43. Sichuan Opera

Sichuan Opera, a local opera in Sichuan Province, is popular in Sichuan and its surrounding areas. It consists of Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang Opera, Huqin Opera, Tanxi Opera and Dengxi Opera, each with its own repertoire. Sichuan opera has a high-pitched and exciting singing voice, humorous performance and rich flavor of life. The main repertoires include the traditional plays "The Jade Hairpin", "The Story of Liu Yin" and "Capturing Wang Kui alive", and the newly-edited plays "The Stagnant Water", "FACE/OFF" and "Gold".

44. Guizhou Opera

Guizhou Opera, a popular local opera in Guizhou Province, is developed from the folk art "Wenqin", with dulcimer as the accompaniment instrument and strong local characteristics. Plays include Zhu Niang Lang Mei and Mrs. Luxury Fragrance.

45. Yunnan Opera

Yunnan Opera, a local opera popular in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou, was formed in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It is composed of three kinds of vocal cavities, namely, imported Sixian, Xiangyang and Huqin Opera, with the Sixian cavity as the main one. Plays include Niu Hao's Deception and Breaking into the Palace.

46. Dai Opera

Dai opera, popular in the Dai inhabited areas of Yunnan Province, was formed in the middle of Qing Dynasty, originated from local folk songs and dances, and was formed by absorbing the artistic nutrition of Beijing Opera and Yunnan Opera. With erhu as the main accompaniment instrument, the performance is simple, singing and dancing. Plays include "E and Sang Luo" and so on.

47. Tibetan Opera

Tibetan opera, which is popular in Tibetan areas such as Tibet and Qinghai, is sung in Tibetan. Formed in the 17th century, it is mainly represented by Buddhist stories and folklore. Actors wear masks when performing. The performance is divided into three parts, the first part is the opening, named "Dun"; The second part is drama, called "Xiong"; The third part is the blessing at the end, which is called "Zhaxi". The most famous play is Princess Wencheng.

48. Shadow play

Shadow play is also called "shadow play", "light shadow play" and "local shadow play". A drama in which the silhouette of a person carved from animal skins or cardboard is illuminated with lights to perform a story. Dramas and vocals mostly interact with local operas, which are manipulated by artists and sung with music. China cinema has a history of more than 1000 years. Due to the differences in popular areas, singing tunes and silhouette materials, many categories and operas have been formed, among which donkey shadow play in Tangshan, Hebei Province and cowhide shadow play in northwest China are the most famous. Among them, Tangshan shadow play has developed into a comprehensive art with exquisite carving techniques, dexterous manipulation skills and lyrical singing music.