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What are the symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis?
Hello, autoimmune hepatitis is a type of inflammatory disease of the liver whose cause is not yet known and whose opinion is not yet completely unanimous. It is characterized by histological examination of junctional hepatitis with portal plasma cell infiltration, hypergammaglobulinemia and positive autoantibodies. Studies have shown that autoimmune hepatitis is a serious health hazard and is divided into the following three types. Type I classical autoimmune hepatitis is more common in females and is characterized by the presence of antinuclear antibodies and anti-smooth muscle antibodies (anti-actin); type II is more common in children and is characterized by the presence of antibodies against liver and kidney microsomal type I antigens; and type III is characterized by the presence of antibodies against liver soluble antigens. Autoimmune hepatitis presents as chronic active hepatitis. Hyperglobulinemia and liver-associated autoantibodies are seen on examination, and pathologic changes are characterized by lamellar and bridging necrosis of hepatocytes, with infiltration of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. The diagnosis of this disease requires the exclusion of other liver diseases with similar manifestations, especially viral hepatitis. Autoimmune hepatitis has a slow onset in about 70% of cases and an acute onset in about 30% of cases. Patients often present with symptoms such as fatigue, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, itchy skin and insignificant weight loss. When the disease progresses to cirrhosis, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and bleeding from esophageal varices may occur. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis are often associated with extrahepatic systemic immune diseases, most commonly thyroiditis and ulcerative colitis. Laboratory tests show the most significant elevation of gamma globulin, mainly igg, which is usually more than two times of the normal value. Liver function tests, serum bilirubin, glutamic oxaloacetic aminotransferase, glutamic propyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase can be elevated, serum albumin, cholesterol ester decreased, reflecting the autoimmune hepatitis to hepatocellular damage as the main characteristics.