In the spring of ten years, the army of Qi attacked our country of Lu. Male will play, Cao Gui, please see. His fellow countryman said, "People in power will plan this. Why do you want to participate?" ? ""Those in power are short-sighted and unable to think deeply, "Cao Gui said." Then they went to the court to see the duke. "What are you fighting for?" Cao Gui asked. Zhuang Gong said, "I never dare to know what to eat and wear. I must give it to the ministers around me." Cao Gui replied, "This little favor cannot be extended to the people, and the people will not obey you. Zhuang Gong said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of pigs, sheep, jade articles, silks and so on. I must tell God the truth." . Cao Gui said: "Mix has no credit and cannot be trusted by the gods. The gods will not bless you." . "."Zhuang Gong said, "Even if you can't see all the litigation cases in Mix, I must be based on facts." Yes: "Loyalty belongs to you. You can go to war. Please follow the war. "
On that day, Qi Huangong and Cao Gui sat in a chariot and fought with Qi Jun in Beidou. Zhuang Gongzheng wants to order drums. "Not now," said Cao Gui. "Wait until after Qi Jun drummed three times. Cao Gui said, "You can play the drums. "."Qi Jun was completely defeated. Their duke ordered the horse to be chased by the horse. "Not now," said Cao Gui. Look at it, look at it and say, "Not bad. "That's by qi teacher.
After winning, the king asked him why he won. Yes: "It takes courage to fight. High spirits, then decline, three exhausted. I am tired, I am surplus, so I will overcome it. Great powers are unpredictable and frightening. I regard it as chaos and look at its flag, so I chase it. "
Label: the concept of classical Chinese in junior high school only praises the dialogue author, classical Chinese and other perceptual figures.
In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the Qi army attacked our state of Lu. Duke Zhuang of Lu can fight. Cao Gui asked to meet Duke Zhuang of Lu. His fellow countryman said, "People in power will plan this. Why do you participate?" Cao Gui said: "People in power are short-sighted, so they can't think ahead." So he went to North Korea to see Duke Zhuang of Lu. Cao Gui asked, "What are you fighting for?" Duke Zhuang of Lu said: "I never dare to keep food and clothing for health. I must give it to the ministers around me." Cao Gui replied: "This kind of small kindness can't spread to the people, and the people won't obey you." Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of sacrifices such as pigs, cows, sheep, jade articles and silk fabrics, but I must tell the truth to God." Cao Gui said: "A small contribution cannot win the trust of the gods, and the gods will not bless you." Lv Zhuanggong said: "Even if I can't see all the litigation cases, I will make a reasonable judgment based on the facts." Cao Gui replied: "This has completed my task, and we can fight a battle (under this condition). If you fight, please allow me to go with you. "
That day, Duke Zhuang of Lu and Cao Gui were sitting in a car, fighting the Qi army in the ladle. Duke Zhuang of Lu will order drums to advance. Cao Gui said, "Not now." Wait until the Qi army drums three times. Cao Gui said, "You can beat the drums." The Qi army was defeated. Duke Zhuang of Lu wants to order horses to chase the Qi army. Cao Gui said, "Not yet." Say that finish, he got out of the chariot, looked at the trace of Qi's wheels, boarded the chariot again, propped up the crossbar in front of the chariot and watched the formation of Qi. Then he said, "We can pursue it." So I chased the Qi army.
After winning the battle, Duke Zhuang of Lu asked him why he won. Cao Gui replied, "Fighting depends on morale. Drumming for the first time can improve the morale of soldiers. After the second drum beat, the morale of soldiers began to decline, and after the third drum beat, they were even more exhausted. Their morale has disappeared, but the morale of our army is rising, so we beat them. In a big country like Qi, it is difficult to speculate on their situation, for fear that they will have an ambush there. Later, I saw that their wheel tracks were chaotic and their flags fell, so I ordered them to chase. "
Notes on the Debate of (1) (Gui): Doctor of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. A famous military theorist.
② Ten years: the tenth year of Lu Zhuanggong (684 BC).
(3) Qi Division: Qi army. Qi, in today's central Shandong Province. Lu junshi
(4) cutting: attacking.
I mean Lu. Zuo Zhuan was written according to the history of Lu, so Lu was called "I".
(6) Gong: the general name of princes, here refers to Duke Zhuang of Lu.
(7) Carnivores: People who eat meat refer to those in power.
(8) Seek: Seek discussion.
(9)Jian: participation.
(10) mean: mean and short-sighted.
(1 1) Yes: So, just.
(12) How to fight: that is, "how to fight", what to fight with? Use, use, by, by.
(13) You have no worries about food and clothing, but you dare to be an expert. You dare not enjoy food, clothing and other health-preserving things alone. Ann: It means "keeping". F: No, specialization: exclusive to individuals, exclusive to individuals.
(14) People must be divided into two parts: the ellipsis omits the word "zhi", and the complete sentence is "People must be divided into two parts". Be sure to share it with others. Use, put. Person: refers to the close ministers or nobles around Duke Zhuang of Lu.
(15) times: I wrote "Yi", which is everywhere and ubiquitous.
(16) Sacrifice to jade and silk (bó): ancient sacrifice. Sacrificial pigs, cows, sheep, etc. Jed. Jed. Silk, silk fabrics.
(17) plus: false report and exaggeration.
(18) Small credit is not enough (fú): (This is only) small credit, which failed to convince the immortal. Fu's words are convincing.
(19) Fu: Nouns are used as verbs to bless and bless.
(20) prison: (litigation) case.
(2 1) Investigation: Observe clearly.
(22) love: the truth.
(23) Loyalty: This is a matter of one's due diligence. Loyal, do your best to do your job. Genus, species.
We can fight: that is to say, we can fight with this condition. Yes, you can. By virtue of.
If you fight, please allow (me) to follow. Follow: follow, follow
(26) public riding: Duke Zhuang of Lu rides in a chariot with him. , refers to Cao Gui.
(27) Long spoon: Shandong place name, now northeast of Laiwu, Shandong.
Defeat: The army was defeated.
(29) late: catch up.
(30) Zhe (zhé): the trace of the wheel.
(3 1) stone: a crossbar used as a handrail in front of an ancient carriage.
(32) Therefore, only.
(33) chase: chase, here refers to chase.
(34) Bicycle: It has been defeated. Yes, it has already started.
(35) Douyong also: Douyong is a fearless spirit. The symbol (fú) is placed at the beginning of the sentence, indicating that it will be discussed, which has no practical significance.
(36) High spirits: Drumming for the first time can boost morale. Cheer up.
(37) Again: the second time.
(38) three: the third time.
They are exhausted, but we are full of courage. Peter, a pronoun, refers to the Qi army. Full, full, full, here refers to high morale.
(40) Unpredictable: hard to guess. Measure, speculate and estimate.
(4 1) volt: ambush.
(42) Mi (mǐ): Fall down.
(43) Cao Gui's Debate: Selected from Zuo Zhuan's Ten Years of Zhuang Gong. The title is added after (textbook author).
Cao Gui's Argumentation and Appreciation of War Theme is best written in Zuo Zhuan, with appropriate details and bright colors. This article is an example. Cao Gui's argument is based on "cannibalism", that is, an official's knowledge is shallow and he can't consider everything. The starting point of his foresight is whether Lu Zhuanggong can put the people's interests first, so he doesn't value Lu Zhuanggong's kindness and kindness to his attendants, and he doesn't value Lu Zhuanggong's honesty in offering sacrifices to the gods. Instead, he attaches great importance to Lu Zhuanggong's handling of large and small cases with the people's feelings, thinking that this is a move of loyalty to the people and can be used for World War I.
In the face of the powerful qi army, there was no rash action. When the Qi army beat the drums three times, it was suggested to beat the Qi army with high momentum, which became a model of defeating the strong with the weak. Zuo Zhuan did not describe the war in detail, but simply summarized the process of the war with Cao Gui's "impossibility" and "feasibility", thus making the debate before and after the war more prominent. If the pre-war debate embodies Cao Gui's basic strategic thought of "people are the foundation of war", then the post-war debate embodies his tactical thought, and "assembly number" has become a classic battle and combat theory. However, he didn't just rely on his strength. "A big country is unpredictable and has fear. I regard it as chaos and look at its flag, so one by one, which reflects his cautious attitude.
This article is intended to show Cao Gui's "foresight", so it focuses on "debate" to select materials. In the first paragraph, through the dialogue between Cao Gui and Duke Zhuang of Lu, it is emphasized that the people's heart is the primary condition to determine the outcome of the war, and Cao Gui's strategic thought of "winning the trust of the people" is highlighted; The second paragraph briefly describes the process of Cao Gui's command of the Lu army to counterattack, pursue and finally win, showing Cao Gui's military command ability, laying the groundwork for the following analysis of the reasons for winning; The third syllogism describes the reasons for winning, and highlights Cao Gui's tactical thought of being good at seizing fighter planes and being cautious and decisive. The full-text narrative is clear, the details are appropriate, the dialogue between characters is accurate and vivid, and the important words are not annoying. It is a famous article in Zuo Zhuan.
Cao Gui Debate: The anonymous "Cao Gui Debate" refers to Cao Gui discussing the truth of the battle, indicating that the focus of the article is not to describe the fighting situation, but to describe Cao Gui's "theoretical" strategy and tactics. "War" refers to the "battle of long spoons" between Qilu. The title summarizes the full text. ...
Zuo Qiuming, the author of Cao Gui Debate, briefly introduced Zuo Qiuming (about 502-422 BC), whose surname was Qiu, whose name was Ming. Because his father was a historian, he was called Zuo Qiuming. (As for Zuo Qiuming's name, for a long time, due to the limited records of Zuo Qiuming, the author of Zuo Zhuan in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, scholars in previous dynasties argued endlessly about Zuo Qiuming's name. Compound surname, Ming said; It is said that Shan's surname is Zuo and his first name is Qiu Ming. However, in history, Zuo Qiuming is a descendant of Jiang Ziya, and his direct line Sun Qiu (Qiu) is more reliable, while the collateral Zuo family is open to question. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu was born in Junzhuang (now Donghengyu Village, Feicheng City, Shandong Province). Historians, writers, thinkers, essayists and militarists in the late Spring and Autumn Period. At the same time or slightly older than Confucius. He used to be a historian of Lu, and wrote Zuo Zhuan (also known as Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals) and Guoyu for the purpose of analyzing Spring and Autumn Annals. He was blind when he wrote Mandarin. The two books recorded many important historical events in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Annals, and preserved original materials with high value. Because of the detailed historical materials and vivid writing, it has aroused the hobbies and discussions of scholars at home and abroad. Confucius and Sima Qian both honored Zuo Qiuming as a "gentleman", known as "Shi Sheng, a scholar" and "the father of politicians". Emperors of past dynasties have many seals: the seal of the Tang Dynasty; Song Feng's flawed Qiu Bo and Du Zhongbo; The Ming dynasty named sages and sages. Tyumen Middle School was built in Tai 'an, Shandong Province to commemorate Zuo Qiuming. Zuo Qiuming is the founder of traditional historiography in China. Historians regard Zuo Qiuming as the originator of China's historiography. Known as "the father of hundred schools of thought, the father of ancient Chinese." Zuo Qiuming's thought is Confucianism, which reflects the interests and demands of the people at that time. (Overview picture from:)
Zuo Qiu-ming's Other Works ○ The Martial Art of Candle Retired from Qin Division.
○ Zheng Boke Duan Yan Yu
Yu Zi debate.
○ Zhou Zheng's oath
○ Zuo Qiuming's more works