Belladonna, commonly known as "wild eggplant", belongs to the angiosperm phylum, dicotyledonous plants, sympodial subclass, Solanaceae, is a perennial herb, and the whole herb is used as medicine. The whole herb is used as medicine. It has the effect of relieving smooth muscle spasm, analgesia, inhibiting gland secretion and dilating the pupil. It is mainly used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease, gastrointestinal tract, renal and biliary colic. It is contraindicated in patients with glaucoma.　 Belladonna plant height 1 ~ 1.5 meters, taproot system, stout, stem erect, the upper part of the multi-branch. The leaf surface is cicada green, the back gray-green. The berries are spherical, black-purple when ripe and shiny. Flowering period from June to August, fruiting period from July to September. Prefer warm and humid, sunny, well-drained environment, afraid of cold, avoid high temperature, the optimal growth temperature of 20 ~ 25 ℃, more than 30 ℃ slow growth, can withstand a short period of 0 ℃ low temperature. Too much rain is susceptible to root rot and death. Northern areas of May to June plant growth, July growth slow, winter can not be open overwintering, only for annual cultivation; production areas south of the Yangtze River can be used for perennial cultivation. Fertile sandy loam soil with convenient drainage and irrigation is suitable, and low-lying and saline land that is prone to waterlogging should not be planted. Avoid continuous cropping, also can not be tomato plants as a pre-crop. The planting method can be seed propagation, direct seeding or seedling transplantation can be. Traits identification root cylindrical,. Slightly twisted, 5-15mm in diameter, surface light gray-brown, with longitudinal wrinkles, occasionally with branched root scars. Older roots are harder, woody; fine roots are brittle and easy to break, the section is flat, the cortex is narrow, gray-white, the wood is broad, brownish-yellow, the formation of the layer ring is obvious. Gas slightly, taste bitter, pungent.

Stem flat cylindrical, 3-6mm in diameter, surface yellowish green, with fine longitudinal wrinkles, lenticels dotted, sparsely distributed, section hollow, young stems with hairs. Leaves alternate, often the size of two pieces set in a place, more crumpled and broken, intact broadly ovate or ovate-elliptic, 5-22cm long, 3.5-11cm wide, apex acuminate, base attenuate, entire, the surface of the yellowish-green to dark brown, both surfaces have a small number of hairs velvet, more along the veins, with a widened lens inspection of the foliage, sometimes visible light-colored sand crystal cell dots; petiole 0.5-4cm long, the texture of the thin and brittle. Leaf axils often have flowers and young fruits. Flowers 2.5-3.5cm long, calyx 5-lobed, corolla subbell-shaped, 5-lobed, dark purple or dark yellow. Berry spherical, green to or brown, 5-8mm in diameter, with long pedicels; seeds numerous, flat kidney-shaped. Gas slightly, taste slightly bitter, pungent. The one with complete leaves and many young stems is preferable.

Microscopic identification of root cross section: cork layer is thin, composed of several rows of walled cork cells. Cortical thin-walled tissue scattered with calcium oxalate sand crystal cells, thin-walled cells containing starch granules. The phloem has sieve tubes and thin-walled cells. The formation layer is ringed. Xylem makes up most of the xylem, spaced by rays. The ducts are grouped with the surrounding tubular cells and a few wood fibers, scattered among the non-woody wood thin-walled tissues (old root xylem, wood thin-walled cells are mostly replaced by wood fibers). The xylem still has interwoody bast. Primary xylem of the di-prototype is visible in the center of the root.

Leaf powder characteristics: light brownish green. (1) Epidermal cells perpendicular wall wavy, stomata indefinite, parietal guard cells 3-4. ② glandular hairs of 2 kinds: glandular head multicellular, to 6 cells is common, leaf long elliptic or pear-shaped, stalk unicellular; glandular head unicellular, stalk 2-4 cells. ③ Non-glandular hairs are sparse, consisting of 2-5 cells, 150-300 μm long. ④ Numerous sand-crystalline cells are scattered in the leaf flesh tissue: tiny tufts of crystals are often present at the same time in the sand-crystalline cells. ⑤The conduit has rings, threads, reticulation and ciliated holes. Physicochemical identification (1) Take 10g of crude powder of this product, add 10 drops of ammonia and 60ml of ethanol, soak for 2h, and shake, filter. After the filtrate is evaporated and dried, add 5% hydrochloric acid 2ml, transfer to the dispensing funnel, add a little chlorine letter vibration aid, separate the chloroform layer, adjust the acid with ammonia to Ph10, and then extracted with chloroform for 2 times (5ml, 3ml). Take half of the chloroform extract, evaporate, add 5 drops of fuming nitric acid. Evaporated on a water bath, yellow residue, cooled, add 2-3 drops of alcoholic potassium hydroxide test solution, that is, a dark purple color. (Check scopolamine alkaloids)

(2) Take 0.5g of crude powder of this product, add 3ml of chloroform, shake and filter. The filtrate was added with 1ml of ammonia test solution, shaken, and the ammonia solution was sucked up with a piece of paper, slightly dried, and observed under UV light (254-365nm), sky blue fluorescence was seen. (Check coumarins)

(3) thin-layer chromatography take (1) obtained from the chloroform extract, add a small amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate after drying, as a test solution, and another atropine, scopolamine for the control, respectively, on the poof samples in the same silica gel on the H-CMC plate, chloroform 0-methanol-ammonia (85:14:1) unfolded 15cm, sprayed with modified bismuth iodide potassium reagent color development. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control article, the spot of the same color was shown.