Acute enteritis is the most common intestinal disease. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhea and watery stools, which have great influence on human health. For patients with acute enteritis, besides paying attention to rest and active treatment according to the cause, the principles of easy digestion, less stimulation, moderate temperature, rich nutrition, less meals and timely hydration should be adopted in diet.

Early stage of enteritis: it is the stage of acute congestion, edema, inflammation and exudation of intestine. At this time, the intestinal peristalsis is active or in a state of spasm, and the digestion and absorption function is relatively weak. Therefore, within 8~ 12 hours after onset, patients can eat liquid food, such as rice porridge, lotus root starch, egg batter, dried noodles, stewed thin noodles and so on. If you have severe diarrhea or sweat more, you should also give patients more soup, such as rice juice, vegetable soup, fruit juice, light salt boiled water and so on. To supplement the deficiency of water, vitamins and electrolytes in the body.

In the remission period of enteritis, patients can be given some liquid or semi-liquid foods that are easy to digest and rich in nutrition, such as rice porridge, fine noodles, steamed egg soup, salty biscuits and so on. Eat less and eat more meals, 4~ 5 times a day. It should be noted that it is not appropriate to drink milk and eat a lot of sugar at this time, because these foods are easy to ferment after entering the intestine, producing a lot of gas, causing abdominal distension and abdominal pain, and increasing the pain of patients. In addition, milk contains more fat, which can lubricate the intestine, enhance intestinal peristalsis, and increase the burden on the intestine, which is unfavorable to the condition.

Recovery period of enteritis: due to the pathophysiological changes of gastrointestinal tract, especially intestine, the intestine is very sensitive to food at this time. Therefore, we should pay special attention to the diet, eat some light, soft and warm foods, and avoid eating greasy, fried, cold and hard foods and fiber-rich foods, such as celery, leeks and garlic moss. After 2~ 3 days of recovery, you can eat according to your normal diet.

First of all, no alcohol.

All spicy and irritating foods are prohibited.

Eat less and eat more.

Usually gently touch the abdomen clockwise with your hand.

Take medicine on time and follow the doctor's advice.

Pay attention to exercise.

Diarrhea is very common in life. Acute enteritis is the most common disease in diarrhea. Once people eat improperly, what often happens is acute enteritis.

(1) Etiology of acute enteritis: (1) Overeating, eating too much high-fat and high-protein food, drinking too much, drinking too much cold drinks, or catching cold. (2) Eating rotten and polluted food, such as overnight food without heating and disinfection, rotten fish and shrimp, stale crabs and seafood, meat food stored in the refrigerator for a long time, fermented and deteriorated milk and dairy products, etc. (3) Individual patients have allergic reactions to food. Acute enteritis occurs frequently in summer, which is related to hot weather and perishable food. If the "disease from mouth to mouth" is well controlled, acute enteritis will be greatly reduced.

(2) Clinical manifestations of acute enteritis: (1) Abdominal pain and diarrhea are the main features. Most of them are pain around the navel, manifested as paroxysmal colic, which causes a feeling of defecation, and abdominal pain is slightly relieved after defecation. Diarrhea is mostly watery and contains indigestible food residues. Generally, you can defecate 7-8 times a day, up to a dozen times. After treatment, the patient returned to normal within 1~2 days, at most 2~3 days, and his condition was relatively good. (2) The bowel sounds are too high. You can clearly hear the "cooing" sound of the abdomen near the patient. (3) Some severe patients are accompanied by low fever, nausea, vomiting and dehydration. (4) Acute enteritis should be distinguished from diarrhea caused by other diseases. Generally speaking, the mild diarrhea is generally acute enteritis. Other diseases need to go to the hospital for further examination before they can be diagnosed.

(3) Rescue measures: (1) First, stay in bed, keep warm, and fast for 12 hours, and then gradually eat a small amount of liquid food, such as rice soup, lotus root starch, porridge, noodle soup, etc. , slowly return to normal diet. (2) Appropriate relief of pain and diarrhea. Oral belladonna tablets. If diarrhea is serious, you can eat some burnt steamed bread slices or rice porridge to stop diarrhea. (3) Encourage drinking more water. See "Emergency Measures for Acute Gastritis". (4) Patients with mild illness may not need "anti-inflammatory drugs". Generally, lactase, berberine, norfloxacin and other drugs can be selected. (5) Patients with severe diarrhea and dehydration should be sent to the hospital for intravenous infusion treatment in time.

What is acute enteritis?

Acute enteritis is a common and frequently-occurring disease in summer and autumn. Mostly caused by microbial infections such as bacteria and viruses, mainly manifested as abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever and so on. In severe cases, dehydration, electrolyte disorder and shock can be caused.

The diagnosis of acute enteritis is not difficult, and patients often have sudden onset in summer and autumn. Most of them have a history of improper diet or eating by mistake; It is characterized by explosive epidemic; Most patients first show nausea and vomiting, followed by diarrhea, ranging from 3 to 5 days a day, or even dozens of times. The stool is watery, dark yellow or green, smelly, and may be accompanied by abdominal cramps, fever, body aches and other symptoms. Routine stool examination and stool culture, red blood cell and white blood cell counts can be normal or abnormal. The patient has nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea at the same time, so it is also called acute gastroenteritis.

What factors are associated with the onset of acute enteritis?

(1) bacterial and toxin infection

Salmonella and halophilic bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) are the most common infections, Staphylococcus aureus is the most common toxin, and viruses can also be seen. There are often cases of collective illness or multiple families. Such as eating contaminated poultry, livestock meat and fish; Or eat seafood such as crabs and snails bred by halophilic bacteria, and eat leftovers contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus.

(2) Physical and chemical factors

Eat cold food or some drugs such as salicylate, sulfonamides, some antibiotics, etc. ; Or taking strong acid, strong alkali and pesticide by mistake can cause this disease.

What are the pathological changes of acute enteritis?

The gastrointestinal mucosa is hyperemia, edema and exudation, and the surface is covered with flaky yellow exudate or mucus, and the lesion may be localized or diffuse. There are erosions and bleeding spots on the wall of mucosal folds. If superficial epithelial cells are necrotic and fall off, the intimal blood vessels are damaged, which will cause bleeding and plasma extravasation, often accompanied by neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and a small amount of eosinophils infiltration, and in severe cases, submucosa also has congestion and edema.

Small intestine is the main lesion of salmonella gastroenteritis, but it also involves colon, causing symptoms similar to dysentery. Salmonella is invasive, causing mucosal inflammatory reaction, accompanied by neutrophil infiltration in submucosa, and sometimes reaching the lamina propria. Inflammatory cells produce and release prostaglandin, which increases the activity of adenylate cyclase. Salmonella secretes enterotoxin, which directly stimulates adenylate cyclase system, so that the secretion ability of intestinal fluid is greatly increased, exceeding the reabsorption ability of intestine, causing diarrhea.

What are the clinical manifestations of acute enteritis?

(1) Gastrointestinal symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are the main symptoms of this disease. Vomiting starts suddenly, often with nausea first, then vomiting, and most of the vomit is stomach contents. In severe cases, bile or bloody substances may be vomited. Abdominal pain is more common in the middle and upper abdomen, and severe cases can be paroxysmal colic. Diarrhea is characterized by watery stools, ranging from several times to dozens of times a day, accompanied by foul smell. The stools are mostly dark yellow or light green, with little pus and blood, and no urgency and heaviness.

(2) Systemic symptoms: Generally, systemic symptoms are mild. Severe patients have symptoms such as fever, dehydration, acidosis, shock, and occasionally acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

(3) Signs: Early or mild cases may have no signs. During physical examination, there may be mild tenderness in the upper abdomen or navel, and the bowel sounds are often obviously hyperactive. Generally, patients have a short course of disease and can heal themselves within a few days.

What are the laboratory tests of acute enteritis?

(1) Blood routine: The white blood cells in blood routine can be slightly increased, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is slightly increased.

(2) Routine stool or culture: most of them are normal, and a few white blood cells and red blood cells can also be seen. In the case of bacterial infection, pathogenic bacteria can be found.

What is the diagnostic basis of acute enteritis?

The diagnosis of this disease is mainly based on acute onset, recent history of eating disorders or taking drugs that have bad stimulation to the stomach, as well as clinical manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Routine stool includes mucus, red blood cells and white blood cells. Bacterial culture can find pathogenic bacteria. The number of white blood cells increased slightly.

What disease is acute enteritis differentiated from?

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding should be differentiated from peptic ulcer and esophageal variceal bleeding. A few cases have severe abdominal pain, which should be differentiated from peptic ulcer perforation, acute cholecystitis, acute peritonitis, acute appendicitis and atypical acute myocardial infarction.

What is the treatment principle of acute enteritis?

(1) Remove the inducement, stay in bed and eat light and digestible food.

(2) If pathogenic bacteria are found, they should be taken orally according to the drug sensitivity test, or berberine 0. 1~0.2g or ppa 0.5~ 1.0g, 3~4 times a day.

(3) Symptomatic treatment, abdominal pain can be treated with atropine. Dehydrated patients should be hydrated and pay attention to correct electrolyte disorder and acidosis. Shock is shock.

What are the commonly used therapeutic drugs for acute enteritis?

(1) spasmolytic and analgesic: Abdominal pain can be treated with spasmolytic agents, such as taking atropine 0.3~0.6mg or propafenone/kloc-0.5 mg ~ 30 mg, intramuscular injection of anisodamine 5 ~/kloc-0.0 mg, or relieving abdominal pain 1.

(2) Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory: In case of bacterial infection, antibiotics should be selected, such as berberine 0.3g, three times a day, and compound sulfamethoxazole 1~2 tablets each time, three to four times a day. Norfloxacin 0. 1~0.2, three times a day. Gentamicin 1.6 million units, taken orally, 3~4 times a day. If you vomit violently or lose water obviously, give glucose saline intravenous drip. In the case of acidosis, 5% sodium bicarbonate solution should be properly kept still. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding should be rehydrated or transfused, gastric lavage with ice water and oral antacid.