English name: Impatiens, Impatiens rose
Chinese aliases: Yunan Sperry, Jin Fenghua, Sprinkled Golden Flower, Chrysopa (different from Achnatherum splendens),
Fake peach blossom, small pink (because double flowers are like peach blossoms), henna
Classification of families and genera
Domain: Eukaryotic domain
Field: the plant kingdom in the plant kingdom
Door: angiosperm magnolia door
Class: Subclass Dicotyledonous Magnolia
Objective: Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae.
Family: Impatiens belongs to Impatiens family.
Genus: Impatiens is Impatiens.
Type: Narcissus species Impatiens
Huayu: Don't touch me, which comes from its English alias Touch me not, because its seed pod will open when touched lightly, and the flower seeds will be sprayed out.
Overview of plants
Annual erect succulent herbs, also known as henna, dyed henna, pink and so on. Because its flower head, wings, tail and feet are all like a phoenix, it is also called Jin Fenghua. Impatiens balsamina is an annual herbaceous flower of Impatiens family, which is native to China, India and Myanmar.
morphological character
The stem of Impatiens balsamina is 40- 100 cm high, fleshy, stout and erect. Upper branches, pilose or suborbicular. Leaves alternate, wide or narrowly lanceolate, about 10 cm long, with sharp tips, sharp teeth at the edges and wedge-shaped base; There are several pairs of glands near the petiole. Its flowers are shaped like butterflies, and the colors are pink, scarlet, purple, white, yellow and sprinkled with gold. They are good at mutation. Some varieties can have several colors of flowers on the same plant. Impatiens have many single petals, and the double petals are called impatiens bulbs. According to the ancient flower spectrum, there are more than 200 varieties of impatiens, many of which have been lost. Because impatiens is good at variation, after artificial cultivation and selection, some good varieties have been produced, such as five-color head phoenix, peanut stem top, colorful big flowers and ten kinds of brocade. According to different flower patterns, it can be divided into rose type, camellia type and Dianthus type. Impatiens bloom from June to August, bearing capsules, spindle-shaped and white hairs. When it matures, it will bite into five twisted fruit petals. Most seeds are spherical, black and peach-shaped. When they mature, their shells will burst and the seeds will eject and reproduce themselves. Therefore, it is very necessary to collect seeds in time.
Habitual characteristics
Impatiens likes sunshine, is afraid of humidity, is heat-resistant and cold-resistant, and is suitable for growing in loose, fertile and slightly acidic soil, but it is also barren. Impatiens balsamina has strong adaptability, easy survival and rapid growth after transplantation.
Water once a day during the growing period and twice a day in hot summer. Pay attention to drainage in rainy days. In short, don't dry the soil and don't accumulate water.
Impatiens balsamina has strong viability, good adaptability and few general diseases and insect pests. If the temperature is high and the humidity is high, spraying 800 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder can prevent powdery mildew. In case of leaf spot, 50% carbendazim wettable powder with 500 times solution can be used for control. The main pest of Impatiens balsamina is red moth, and its larvae will eat the leaves of Impatiens balsamina. If this pest is found, it can be captured and killed manually.
type
Sunny terrain and loose fertile soil can also grow in poorer soil.
Reproduce with seeds. Sowing is carried out from March to September, April is the most suitable sowing time, and the transplanting time is not arbitrary. The growth period is from April to September, and the seeds germinate and grow leaves about one week after sowing in the pot.
When it grows to about 8cm, 1-3 plants are cultivated in each pot.
When it grows to 20-30 cm, pick the core, and after planting, top the main stem of the plant to enhance its branching ability and plump plant shape.
After five leaves, apply decomposed dilute human excrement and urine every half month, and apply phosphate fertilizer and plant ash before and after pregnancy.
After the flowers bloom, cut off the pedicel, and don't let the pedicel bear seeds, then the flowers will bloom more vigorously; Picking the basal flowers at any time will promote each branch to blossom one after another.
It can bloom in the first half of June and last for more than two months. Before sowing, the seedbed should be watered to keep it moist. Phoenix seeds are small, so you can't water them immediately after sowing, so as not to wash them away. Cover with a thin layer of soil about 3-4 mm, and pay attention to shading. After about 10 days, the seedlings can emerge. When the seedlings grow 2-3 leaves, they should be transplanted and then planted step by step or cultivated in pots.
Germination can also be cultivated in greenhouse, but before planting outdoors, seedlings should be strengthened at night.
Seedling raising techniques of impatiens balsamina
Seeds are sown on the culture soil, lightly covered with 0.3 cm, and germinated after 5-6 days. 3-4 true leaves can be planted in flowerpots or flower beds with a spacing of 30 cm.
[Edit this paragraph] Disease control
A, impatiens powdery mildew
A. Symptoms: The disease mainly occurs on leaves and shoots. Generally, it begins in June, and leaves are covered with white powder after July. Subsequently, small yellow spots were formed in the white powder layer, which gradually became darker and finally became dark brown.
B. Transmission route: the pathogen overwinters in the residues and seeds of diseased plants. In the second year, the environment is suitable, and germs spread through wind and rain. August to September is the peak of the disease.
C. prevention and control methods:
1. Don't plant too densely, properly ventilate, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and enhance plant disease resistance. Remove diseased leaves and plants, destroy them centrally, and reduce the source of infection.
2. Use 15% triadimefon wettable powder 1000~ 1200 times solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times solution for control. Avoid spraying at high temperature above 32℃ to avoid phytotoxicity.
Second, impatiens brown spot disease
Impatiens brown spot, also known as Impatiens leaf spot, occurs all over China.
A. symptoms: diseases mainly occur on leaves. At first, the diseased spots on the leaves are small yellow-brown spots, then they expand into circles or ellipses, and then turn into light brown at the center, with brown edges and inconspicuous wheel lines. On the seriously ill leaves, the diseased spots are contiguous, causing the leaves to turn yellow until the plants die.
B. Transmission route: The pathogen overwinters on Impatiens remnants and soil plant fragments. In the next year, when the environmental conditions are suitable, the bacteria will spread through the wind and rain. It is easy to get sick in hot and rainy season.
C. control method
1 impatiens likes fertile sandy loam and is not tolerant to waterlogging. Therefore, sandy loam should be planted to facilitate drainage; Potted impatiens should be watered in time after the rain. At the end of autumn, we should focus on destroying diseased leaves and plants to reduce the source of infection in the coming year.
2. Use 25% carbendazim wettable powder 300~600 times, 50% thiophanate-methyl 100 times or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times to control the disease at the early stage.
Third, impatiens wilt.
A. Symptoms: Pathogenic bacteria mainly infect rhizomes, and the diseased parts turn black or shriveled. White mold will grow on it when it is wet. After the plant is infected, the leaves wither and dry within a few days, and then the whole plant dies.
B. Mode of transmission:
1. mainly overwinters in soil or diseased body in the form of hyphae or sclerotia, and the hyphae in soil live saprophytically without dormancy.
2. In the field, infection mainly depends on contact, that is, the roots, stems and leaves of plants will be infected by hyphae in the soil when they come into contact with the diseased soil. Under the condition of water film, healthy leaves will get sick when they come into contact with the diseased parts. In addition, seeds, farm tools and compost containing bacteria can also spread the disease.
C prevention and treatment method: at the initial stage of the disease, spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, or 60% Dover wettable powder 500 times and 20% methyl chloropicrin EC 1200 times.
[Edit this paragraph] Purpose and function
Impatiens balsamina seeds are also called impatience, and stems are also called speranskia tuberculata, which can be used as medicine, and have the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, diuresis and detoxification, and dredging channels and penetrating bones. Fresh grass can be mashed and used externally to treat sores, boils, swelling and pain and poisonous insect bites. Seeds are antidotes, which have the functions of dredging menstruation, inducing labor, resolving phlegm and resolving food stagnation, so pregnant women should not eat them. Treatment of traumatic injury with whole grass juice for external use. Petals can be stained with nails after mashing, and onychomycosis can be cured by dyeing nails several times. The seeds contain saponin, fatty oil, sterol, polysaccharide, protein, amino acids and volatile oil. Cultivated in northern and southern provinces of China;
When viewing, it can be used as a flower border and bonsai device, and can also be used as a cut flower.
Henna, called HENAA henna in India and the Middle East, contains natural reddish-brown pigment. Middle easterners planted this plant long ago and used its juice to dye nails and decorate themselves. According to records, Cleopatra dyed her hair with henna. The famous Indian body painting is also dyed with it.
[Edit this paragraph] henna staining method
Many middle-aged and elderly people are worried about dyeing their hair. Don't dye it. It's too old. I'm afraid the hair dye will cause cancer. Now you don't have to worry, there is a pure natural plant dyeing method, which has no harm to the body, and the dyed effect is still fashionable reddish brown.
Ingredients: nail pollen (available in pharmacies), appropriate amount of honey, 1 raw eggs, olive oil.
Red-brown effect hair dyeing steps:
Step 1 Add nail pollen, appropriate amount of honey and 1 egg to the hot tea, and stir well, preferably add a little olive oil.
Step 2: Moisten clean hair with water. Step 3: use about 40 grams for short hair and 80 grams for long hair, and increase or decrease according to the length and thickness of your hair.
Step 4: Apply the adjusted paste evenly on the hair with a comb.
The fifth step is to wrap the hair with a plastic shower cap or plastic bag, preferably with a towel outside, and wash it with warm water after 4~6 hours.
[Edit this paragraph] Method of nail dyeing
Impatiens balsamina has a strong inhibitory effect on fungi and its color is gorgeous. Dyeing nails with it can not only treat onychomycosis and paronychia, but also is a pure natural method without any harm to nails. Nail dyeing has a long history in China.
Ingredients: Impatiens petals (big red and purple are the best, pink and white are not deep enough), hemp (other leaves or plastic bags are also acceptable), string, alum or salt (alum is not recommended, which is harmful to health).
Steps:
1, mash the petals in a proper amount of salt.
2. Apply proper amount to the fingernail, which shall prevail.
3. Wrap it in leaves and wrap it. The other fingers do the same thing.
Note: If the first effect is not satisfactory, it can be reused, and the mashed petals can be stored in the refrigerator without affecting the next use. It takes at least 5 hours to dye at a time, and it is best to install it at night, and it will all be dyed red in the morning. After dyeing, the parts around the nails will also be dyed red. Wash your hands several times, and you will return to normal color in 3-5 days.
[Edit this paragraph] Medicinal value
Source This product is the flower of Impatiens balsamina. Summer flowers are harvested when they are in full bloom, whether they are fresh or dry.
Sweet and moist in nature. A little poisonous.
Function: Mainly used for promoting blood circulation, dredging menstruation, expelling wind, relieving pain and detoxifying for external use. For amenorrhea, traumatic injury, blood stasis, swelling and pain, rheumatoid arthritis, carbuncle, furuncle, snake bite, tinea manuum.
Usage and dosage: 1 ~ 2 RMB; Apply appropriate amount externally, and mash the flowers and apply to the affected area.
Pay attention to the taboos of pregnant women.
Remarks: (1) Whole grass is used as impatiens in southern China.
(2) Impatiens contain cancer-promoting substances! Cancer-promoting substances will not volatilize directly, but will penetrate into the soil, so it is very dangerous to eat vegetables grown in the soil for a long time.
chemical composition
1. Seed (acute seed): contains saponin, lipid and oil, and the oil contains geraniol (c27h80o), Parinaric acid (C 17H28O2), α-spinach sterol and β. It also contains saponin, quercetin disaccharide, quercetin triglycoside, volatile oil, protein, amino acids and polysaccharide.
2. Flowers: Flowers contain 2- methoxy 1, 4- naphthyl, and flavonoids: kaempferol and quercetin.
3. Whole grass (stem of Impatiens balsamina): The aerial part of Impatiens balsamina contains henna, henna methyl ether and quercitrin; The whole plant contains hydroxybenzoic acid, mustard acid and caffeic acid; The stem contains kaempferol -3- glucoside, Tencel and cyanidin. It also contains various anthocyanins, such as cyanidin, delphinidin, chrysotile, kaempferol, protein, amino acids and polysaccharides and calcium oxalate.
pharmacological action
1. Seed (acute):
The decoction, tincture and water immersion of Platycodon grandiflorum (1) have obvious excitatory effects on isolated uterus of rabbits and guinea pigs, while anesthetized rabbits have obvious excitatory effects on in vivo uterus.
(2) The decoction of this product has inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei and Salmonella typhi to varying degrees.
2. Flowers: The flower juice of Impatiens balsamina has inhibitory effects on Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton purpurea, Trichophyton groin and Trichophyton Kaufmann.
3. Whole grass: Impatiens balsamina has antifungal and hemostatic effects.
Sexual taste function
1. Seed (acute): sweet in taste and warm in nature. A little poisonous. Activating blood circulation and dredging channels, expelling wind and relieving pain, and detoxifying externally.
2. Flowers: sweet, warm in nature, and belong to the kidney meridian; A little poisonous. Activating blood circulation and dredging channels, expelling wind and relieving pain, and detoxifying externally.
3. Whole grass: bitter, pungent and warm. Guishen meridian
4. Root: sweet and flat.
therapy
1. Seed (acute): amenorrhea, dystocia, hard throat and lump accumulation. Pregnant women should not take it.
2. Flowers: amenorrhea, traumatic injury, blood stasis, swelling and pain, rheumatoid arthritis, carbuncle, furuncle, snake bite, tinea manuum. Pregnant women should not take it.
3. Whole grass: expelling wind, promoting blood circulation, relieving pain and reducing swelling. Indications: joint swelling and pain, traumatic injury, carbuncle and furuncle.
4. Root: dispel wind and relieve pain, promote blood circulation and reduce swelling. Indications: Rheumatoid joint pain, traumatic injury and cervical spondylosis.
dosage
1. Seed (acute): dosage 6 ~ 9g.
2. Flowers: flowers 1.5 ~ 3g (fresh 3 ~ 9g); Apply appropriate amount externally, and mash the flowers and apply them to the affected area.
3. Whole grass: whole plant 10 ~ 15g (fresh 30 ~ 60g).
4. Roots: 9 ~ 15g.
Additional prescription
1. Treatment of female amenorrhea and abdominal pain: 3 ~ 5 impatiens, make tea.
2. Treatment of edema: 4 to 5 impatiens roots each time, stewed with pork.
3. Treatment of whooping cough: 10 Impatiens, a little rock sugar, stew.
4. Leucorrhea: Impatiens balsamina 15g (or root 30g), cuttlefish 30g, boiled soup, one dose per day.
5. Treatment of lumbago and hypochondriac pain: 9 grams of impatiens, dried, ground and taken on an empty stomach.
6. Treatment of fracture pain: 3 grams of dried impatiens, 9 grams of fresh products, soaked in wine and taken orally.
7. gooseberry wind, onychomycosis: a few fresh impatiens, rubbing outside.
8. Treatment of paronychia: fresh impatiens or leaves, add a little brown sugar, and smash the affected area.
9. Treatment of poisonous snake bite: fresh Impatiens balsamina 150g, mashed to get juice, and residue applied to the affected area; Or mash the juice with impatiens and wine.
10. Treatment of traumatic injury: A. Proper amount of Impatiens balsamina root is dried and ground, 9 ~ 15g each time, with water and wine taken together, daily 1 dose. B. Impatiens stems and leaves, mashed to get juice, washed with yellow wine.
1 1. whooping cough, vomiting blood and hemoptysis: 7 ~ 15 fresh impatiens, decocted in water.
12. Limbs, hair backward, carbuncle swelling:
A. Mashed fresh impatiens is applied to the affected area.
B, cleaning and mashing all fresh impatiens roots, and adding the boiled juice twice. Filtering, combining the filtrates twice, decocting, concentrating into paste, smearing on paper, sticking on the affected part, and changing daily.
★ Note:
Yellow impatiens contains a lot of calcium oxalate. Although it will disappear after cooking, it is still not recommended to eat it raw, especially for patients with rheumatism, arthritis, gout, hyperacidity and kidney calculi. If you want to take medicine, you must strictly follow the doctor's advice.
[Edit this paragraph] The Legend of Impatiens
According to legend, a long time ago, there was a girl named impatiens in Longxi, Fujian. Elegant, gentle and kind, she fell in love with a young man named Golden Boy. One day, the son of the county magistrate passed by here, saw impatiens so beautiful and lovely, and came to flirt. Being scolded by Feng Xian, she left despondently. Feng Xian knew that this was a catastrophe, and the son of the county magistrate must be asking for trouble. So I decided to go abroad with Golden Boy. Only the father is impatient, and the golden boy has a mother. Two old men and two young men set off overnight and fled abroad. On the way, Golden Boy's mother fell ill and suffered from amenorrhea and abdominal pain. There was nowhere to seek medical treatment and send medicine in the wild mountains, so the four of them had to stop and rest.
Besides, the county magistrate heard that his son was scolded by the village girl, so he ordered his men to catch impatiens and was preparing to catch up. In desperation, impatiens and Golden Boy bid farewell to their parents and jumped into the abyss to show their purity. The two old people held back their grief and buried the Impatiens Golden Boy together. In the evening, two old people lie on the grave. Impatiens and Golden Boy dreamed of their parents at night and told them that the flowers in the mountain stream could cure their mother's illness. When I woke up the next day, I found that the mountain stream was full of red flowers and white flowers, red like morning glow and white like pure silver. Old people pick flowers and decoct soup, and eat real medicine to cure diseases. Later, people named this flower Impatiens to commemorate it.
According to the ancient legend, Phoenix is the king of birds. The male bird is named phoenix, and the female bird is named phoenix. Because impatiens has this reputation, people think of phoenix when they see impatiens.
Qu You, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, said in his poem Impatiens: "The phoenix does not fly on the high platform, but the fairy is comforted." It means that although people have never seen the phoenix fly high, they can see the impatiens transformed from the fairy spirit of the phoenix, and they can also comfort people's yearning for the phoenix.
Wu Renbi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in the poem Impatiens: "The fragrance is bright red and green, but the cold butterfly is hungry. Where is the best place to see at this time? The morning light shines on the green branches. " It is said that phoenix is not a phoenix tree, and the green branches in the poem refer to phoenix branches. The poet has regarded Impatiens as the embodiment of Phoenix, which shows that Impatiens has a certain position in the history of China flower culture.
Impatiens' red nails also made the poet think. In Yuan Song "Impatiens", Yang Weizhen said "playing the piano and dropping peach petals", describing that when a woman dyed her nails played the piano, her fingers turned up and down as if peach petals were falling one after another. The ancients also distinguished flowers and plants, and once called impatiens "chrysanthemum maid", which means "chrysanthemum maid", because impatiens is tenacious and can be seen everywhere.
A multi-color related poem "Look closely at the golden phoenix floret and dye it to the fullest." Snow is white and purple, and red as the sun. "
Whose song is "Dong Xiao"? This is a month and a half. The custom dyes fine red nails, and the golden basin hits impatiens at night. "
"Fei Yang was born with red hands, feet, nails and claws, which are very useful in the palace."
"Night listening to golden pots pound impatiens, fine nails dyed red fresh. Throw a needle to test the water and embroider the autumn wind for another year. "
Mao Zedong's "Chanting Henna"
Flowers bloom and fall, nails sleep alone. There are leaves in spring and flowers in summer.
Ye Xiaozhi is weak, diverse and beautiful. All the grass is covered by sunrise, but the girl is proud of fire.
Yuanming loves easy living, Dunyi loves violet. I only love nails, and I am more ambitious.
Song of Maids by Tang Lihe
Wax high hanging gauze, greenhouse night red.
Like the mouth blowing incense (Deng Mao) is warm, and the seven stars hang on the leaking board.
Cold air enters the charming hall, the shadow is faint, and the color curtain is covered with frost marks.
Crows fly to the moon and hook the fence, and bend their knees to lock Jane.
Dream into the house in Shazhu, Tianhe falls on Changzhou Road.
May you be as bright as the sun and let me surf by fish.
* Li He accidentally saw a woman next door get her hands on a candle and wrote a poem, which is the earliest record of using impatiens to "manicure" a woman in China.
Colorful Impatiens: Impatiens of Tang Wurenbi
When fragrant red and light green are in full bloom, cold butterflies and hungry bees don't know each other.
At this moment, where is the best place to see? Early in the morning, the Wu Bi branch was lit.
* refers to the branches of Wu Bi where the phoenix often lives, that is to say, impatiens can be seen on the branches.
After listening to Hu's Zheng
Slim fingers, red bamboo shoots, geese flying obliquely across the middle of Cui Yun.
Obviously, it seems that the Great Wall is bitter, and the water and wind are cold all night.
Praise by Tang Zhang: Wonderful and clear business, long finger.
Song Yan Shu's Jin Fenghua
The color of Jiubao is spring and summer, and Dan Xi's prestige is subtle.
The title should be the most famous, and the head should lean against the column.
Impatiens by Yang Wanli in Song Dynasty
Take a closer look at Jinfeng's floret and try your best to dye it.
Snow-white robes are purple, with a deeper red color.
Yuan Lu's "Drunken Flowers"
After the phoenix blooms, it falls into the golden basin, thin.
The silver armor was temporarily removed and dyed with spring fiber, which turned red overnight.
Crimson dots, light sleeves, and a few acacia beans.
Try new makeup at dawn, thrush, red rain teasing.
Yuan Yang Weizhen's Impatiens
The golden plate of dew pounded the fairy flowers, and the delicate jade had leisure.
I'm a little worried that the parrot's beak will make peony sprout in spring.
Throw red beans with delicate pink tears and play crimson flowers.
Female companions often ask questions when they meet, and they mistake Gong Sha for several times.
Yuan Yang Weizhen's Impatiens: Playing the Zheng and Falling Peach Blossoms.
Yuan Yang Weizhen: When I hit golden phoenix in the palace at night, the ten tips turned red and the crow's mouth turned red.
Ming Qu You's Adventures in Tang Wei
Whose song is Dong Xiao? The river flows west, and the moon is half inclined.
Dye your red nails and pound impatiens in a golden basin at night.
Famous song tour
At night, the sound of the golden basin beating on the ground is corresponding, and the color of silver armor is more suitable in spring.
Qian Hao, a good worker, waved colored pens and wrote bamboo leaves with peach branches.
Ming Qu You's Phoenix Becomes Immortal: The high platform does not see the phoenix flying, but it attracts the fairy spirit to comfort her.
Xu Mingjie: Jin Fenghua is the freshest. They are dyed with beautiful finger Dan.
Yan Mingyi: Pick autumn flowers and pound cicada slough with deep red jade.
Impatiens haode
The color of Jiubao is spring and summer, and the prestige of Danxue is delicate.
The title must be famous, and the head is leaning on Zhu Zhu.
Luqing Zhaoling
The brighter your hand, the more you play.
Finding the way home: Impatiens
If it really has a biting smell,
Cross the quiet street,
Walking through the scenery full of wind and frost,
You can spend a quiet night,
For thousands of years,
It can be the past, sadness, dreams, lost buildings,
And the mountains and rivers of Wan Li,
Unscramble the secular,
Flowers bloom and fall, becoming nostalgic memories.
So birds, galloping horses,
Butterflies and kitchen smoke will not disappear.
A season and a plant,
After losing contact,
The soul of the flower is in a drunken dream,
Looking for the way home.