Treatment of bone calcification 1 and hormone replacement therapy hormone replacement therapy is the first choice for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It has many advantages: it supplements and corrects the pathological changes and clinical symptoms caused by estrogen deficiency, which is irreplaceable by other therapies, so it is a first-line drug for the treatment of osteoporosis. Literature has proved that HRT can prevent vasomotor state, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and colon cancer. Commonly used HRT drugs are: estradiol, estriol, diethylstilbestrol, progesterone, premarin, livial, Fu Shu Ning membrane and phytoestrogens. The main purposes of using HRT are: to eliminate symptoms related to menopause; Reduce the risk of heart disease; Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Its potential side effects include increased risk of breast cancer, breast pain, vaginal bleeding, procoagulant tendency and so on. When using estrogen, the dosage should be individualized, because each woman's ovarian recession is different, so if there is vaginal bleeding after taking estrogen, the dosage should be reduced; At the same time, the thickness of endometrium should be monitored regularly and the breasts should be examined regularly. If any abnormality is found, the dosage should be reduced or stopped in time. While using hormones, basic treatments such as calcium, vitamin D and nutrition should be given, and physical activity should be encouraged. Contraindications for using HRT include: patients with estrogen-dependent tumors; Severe hypertriglyceridemia, thromboembolic diseases and hemophilia; Patients with active endometriosis, unexplained reproductive tract bleeding and severe liver and kidney diseases. 2. Selective estrogen receptor modulator Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) is a synthetic compound with similar structure to estrogen, including tamoxifen, raloxifene and a series of derivatives such as LY-117018 HCl. Ranoxifene has tissue selective effect on estrogen receptor: it has estrogen effect on bone and heart, but has no effect on uterus, and has been applied in clinic. Physical report: After 3 years of treatment with 60mg/ day of ranoxifene, the bone mineral density increased by 65,438 0 ~ 3%, and the spinal fracture decreased by 30~50%, which did not cause endometrial hyperplasia and vaginal bleeding, but the relative risk of thromboembolic diseases increased. SERM is generally tolerated in clinical use, and the common side effects are fever, thrombosis and leg muscle spasm. 3. Bisphosphonate Bisphosphonate can inhibit bone resorption and reduce bone turnover rate, thus increasing bone density and reducing fracture risk. At present, the common bisphosphonate drugs in clinic include sodium hydroxyethyl phosphonate, sodium chloromethylphosphonate, sodium pamidronate, sodium alendronate, sodium risedronate and sodium incadronate. At present, new bisphosphonate drugs are constantly being researched and developed. Alendronate has a strong inhibitory effect on bone resorption, and its inhibitory effect is 500~ 1000 times that of sodium hydroxyethyl phosphonate. In recent years, many animal experiments and clinical studies show that it is a safe and effective drug to prevent and treat osteoporosis. A two-year randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study showed that after two years of alendronate treatment, the bone mineral density of patients' lumbar vertebrae increased by 7.65438 0%, the placebo group increased by 65438 0.8% (P 0.02), the femoral neck and hip in the treatment group increased by 2.5% and 3.65438 0%, and the control group increased by 0.65438 0% and 0.6%. 0.00 1)。 In addition, the incidence of vertebral fracture in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.02). It can be seen that alendronate sodium can effectively increase the bone density of patients with osteoporosis and reduce the incidence of fractures. Risedronate is a new bisphosphonate drug. In 2000, Reginster et al. reported that 1226 patients with osteoporosis and spinal fracture were treated with 2.5mg/ day risedronate and placebo respectively. After 3 years, the BMD of lumbar vertebrae and femoral trochanter in the 5 mg dose group increased by 5.9% and 6.4% respectively (P