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Morphological Characteristics of Crippled Fish

Body length is 1.7~1.8 times as long as body height and 1.6~1.9 times as long as head length. Head length 5.9~6.2 times as long as snout, 14.5~16.1 times as long as eye diameter. Body stout and short, laterally compressed, oblong, dorsal margin arcuate and elevated, abdomen prominent, caudal peduncle broad and short. Head large, head height and length several times equal, anterior end rounded. Frontal area with a depressed area behind the second dorsal fin spine, the skin of the depressed area smooth. Snout short, larger than eye diameter. Eyes few, interocular interval wide. Nostrils 2 on each side, anterior nostril with nasal valve, large, rounded, posterior nostril large, oval, olfactory sac well developed, with primary olfactory plate of 13-14 pieces. Mouth large, orifice nearly vertical. Mandible slightly prominent. The posterior end of the maxilla is covered by skin and does not extend to the anterior margin of the eye. Maxillary and mandibular teeth sharp, elongated, arranged in a comb, plow bone and palatine bone with 4 teeth clusters, plow bone teeth in 2 transverse clusters, palatine bone in 2 longitudinal clusters. Labium well developed. Gill pores small, rounded, located below the base of the pectoral fins. Gills 1/2+2+1/2. First gill arch without gill filaments dorsally, ventral anterior half with well-developed gill filaments. Gill rakers reduced. Anus located anterior to the anal fin. Body not scaly, skin coarsely mottled, densely covered with fine tomentose spines. Lateral lines inconspicuous, connected by glandular pores, one lateral line extends along dorsal margin of body from end of muzzle above eye, bends down above posterior pectoral fin and reaches base of caudal fin, the other bends in an arc along outer margin of cheeks below corner of mouth and connects upward with lateral line behind eye. Dorsal fin with three separated fin spines: first fin spine forms kissing tentacle, located in center of kissing dorsum above heel, stalk slender, tipped with a bulbous spike, unbranched, second fin spine immediately posterior to first fin spine, located on top of head above eye, thick and strong, base encased by dermatome, end of spine obtuse, third fin spine located on top of head posterior to dorsal fin, thick and strong, encased wholly in dermatome, triangularly bulging, distant from both second fin spine and fin spine, dorsal fin The dorsal fin is higher, starting above the base of the pectoral fin, the fins are connected by a membrane, only the tips are exposed, the anterior fins are not branched, the posterior fins are branched. The anal fin begins below the posterior base of the dorsal fin, and the fins branch. The pectoral fins are located below the side of the body, with a subcutaneous pseudo-hip. The ventral fins are subglottal, small, and often extend horizontally on the ventral surface of the head to the sides. The caudal fin is rounded, with the upper part of the fin branching. Anterior pectoral fins with sparse fleshy whisker-like projections along the side of the body to the cephaloventral surface.