Grays pinyin is jū.

Introduction to Anthrax:

Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, an acute contagious disease of humans and animals***. Human infection occurs through contact with diseased animals and their products and consumption of meat from diseased animals. Clinically, the main manifestations are skin necrosis, ulceration, crusting and extensive edema of peripheral tissues and signs of toxemia, hemorrhagic infiltration of subcutaneous and subplasma connective tissues;

the blood is poorly coagulated and coal-tar-like, which may occasionally lead to acute infections of the lungs, intestines, and meninges, and sepsis may accompany the infection. Under natural conditions, herbivores are the most susceptible, humans are moderately sensitive, mainly occurring in contact with animals and livestock products processing more and accidentally eat the meat of sick animals.

Causes:

1. Sources of infection

Diseased cattle, horses, sheep, camels and other herbivorous animals are the main sources of human anthrax. Pigs can be infected by ingesting infected green feed; carnivores can be infected by ingesting meat from sick animals and become a secondary source of infection. The secretions and excretions of anthrax patients are also infectious.

2. Transmission pathways

People are infected with Bacillus anthracis mainly through industry and agriculture. Contact infection is the main way of epidemic of this disease. Direct skin contact with diseased animals and their fur is most likely to be infected. Inhalation of dust and aerosols with a large number of anthrax germs or eating infected meat can lead to pulmonary anthrax or intestinal anthrax, respectively. Application of unsterilized brushes or bites from germ-carrying insects can occasionally cause the disease.

3. Susceptible population

Depends mainly on the degree and frequency of exposure to the pathogen. Young adults due to occupation (farmers, herders, veterinarians, slaughterhouse and fur processing plant workers, etc.) and sick animals and their hides and feces, dust with germ cells, etc. contact opportunities are more, its incidence is also higher.

Clinical manifestations:

Most common, can be divided into anthrax carbuncle and malignant edema two types. Anthrax is most common in the skin of exposed parts such as face, neck, shoulder, hands and feet, at first it is papule or patchy rash, blisters appear at the top on the 2nd day, containing yellowish fluid, the surrounding tissues are hard and swollen, and the central area shows hemorrhagic necrosis on the 3rd-4th day, which is slightly sunken, surrounded by clusters of small blisters, and the edematous area continues to expand.

On the 5th~7th day, the blisters rupture into small shallow ulcers, the blood secretion forms a black dry scab like charcoal, and there is granulation tissue under the scab, which is formed as anthrax carbuncle. The surrounding tissues have non-sunken edema. The diameter of the black scab necrotic area varies from 1~2cm to 5~6cm, and the diameter of the edema area can reach 5~20cm, which is characterized by solidity, insignificant pain, and non-suppurative ulceration.