One, ancient and simple national treasure: giant panda English: Giant Panda Scientific name: Ailurpoda melanolenca giant panda when a kind of bamboo-based carnivorous animals, not only set of rare, endangered, and specialties in a body, but also very old, there is "living fossil "The panda is a carnivorous animal that mainly eats bamboo. Its contemporaries, such as saber-toothed tigers, mammoths and giant tapirs, have all been extinct due to glacial intrusion, but only the giant panda has survived due to its retreat from the valleys. They are now only found in the bamboo forests of the mountains in about 40 counties in Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu in China, where they live a reclusive life without any competition from the world. Legend has it that giant pandas used to be white, but at one of the animal's funerals, in order to express their grief, they smeared soot on their arms and embraced each other, creating a black color that extended to their backs, and wiping their tears stained their eyes black again. ....... This is of course a fabrication, but the giant panda, like many animals, the survival of the situation is very sad, on the verge of extinction. The only reason is that the expansion of human activities, so that its retreat in the mountain tops, isolated distribution, poor food and mate resources, inbreeding serious, physical deterioration, weak resistance to disease. At present, the total number is only 1,000, which is classified as. It is classified as a Grade I protected animal and an "endangered species" in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). As China's "national treasure" and "messenger of friendship", it has been chosen by the China Wildlife Conservation Association (CWCA) and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as the symbol of their own emblems.

Two: Snub-nosed Golden Monkey English Name: Snnb-nosed Golden Monkey Scientific Name: Rhinpitheius roxellanae China's golden monkeys include three kinds of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, because the Yunnan golden monkeys live far away from Yunnan and Tibet's snowy mountain cedar forests, their number is only more than a thousand, and the Qian golden monkeys are only found in Guizhou's Fanjing Mountain, their number is only 700, we are more familiar with the Sichuan golden monkeys, which are the most common ones in Guizhou. The more familiar one is the Sichuan Snub-nosed Monkey, which is found in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei and Gansu, and lives in the mountains and forests in groups. They live in groups in the mountains and forests. They wear a golden cape on their backs, climb trees and jump, and move around like flying. When the golden snub-nosed monkey was first named, because of its tilted nose and blonde hair, Mr. Edward, a zoologist, was reminded of the European crusader's snub-nosed, blonde-haired wife, Roxanna, so he put the name of this beauty on the golden snub-nosed monkey (see the scientific name of the golden snub-nosed monkey). The golden snub-nosed monkey is a member of the order Primates, the monkey family, and the genus Cynomolgus. Within this genus of snub-nosed monkeys is another family of golden snub-nosed monkeys outside of China, the Vietnamese snub-nosed monkey, a small, long-tailed vegetarian monkey with a black belly and pale yellow inner limbs, discovered only in 1910, missing for half a century, and only rediscovered in 1989, with a population of only 200 inhabiting northern Vietnam. All three species of golden monkeys are Grade 1 protected animals, with the Yunnan and Guizhou golden monkeys being "endangered" under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Book, and the Sichuan golden monkeys "vulnerable" (and the Vietnamese golden monkeys "critically endangered"). All of them are facing the threat of poaching, logging, deforestation and habitat retreat, so it can be said that "monkeys scattering from a sinking ship"!

Three, the Yangtze River beast: albino dolphin English name: Yangtze river dolphin Scientific name: Lipotes vexlifer Albino dolphin for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River for China's endemic water beasts, the world's dolphins have more than 70 kinds of freshwater only 5 kinds, China is only this kind of freshwater whale. It has a narrow distribution and is older and rarer than the giant panda. The albino dolphin has a delicate body, slippery skin, a sword-like long muzzle, and a spindle-shaped body. Eyes as small as beans, ears as small as a needle, upper and lower jaw densely covered with small teeth more than 130, the upper left side of the head has a round nostril, every 20 seconds out of the water to change the gas, although the ability to see and hear is poor, but the sonar system is developed, the ability of ultrasonic echo-location is any modern submarine can not hope to be, when the group was dispersed, they use high-frequency sonar can be more than ten kilometers outside the companions to get in touch. The albino dolphin was named after the first specimen picked up by French zoologist Miller in Dongting Lake in 1918. In fact, the Chinese have long recorded it, such as "Erya" in the Han Dynasty and "Compendium of Materia Medica" in the Ming Dynasty. Pu Songling of the Qing Dynasty even had a love story between Bai Qiulian and Muresheng in Liaozhai, in which Bai Qiulian is the incarnation of the albino dolphin. The albino dolphin is a beautiful and legendary animal that is destined to become extinct in our hands, and it has been called a "living dead species" by international conservationists. There is only one in captivity, named "Ki Ki". Its survival is threatened by the encirclement of the Yangtze River, harmful fishing gear, the construction of locks and dams, busy shipping, fishing and serious pollution. It has been listed as a "critically endangered" species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Book, and is also a first-class protected animal in China.

Four, the soul of China: South China tiger English name: Chinese Tiger Scientific name: Panthera tigris amoyensis South China tiger English for "Chinese tiger", is China's endemic subspecies, was China's most widely distributed, the largest number of smaller, but the oldest qualifications of a tiger species. The South China tiger is a subspecies endemic to China. There is only one kind of tiger in the world, all of them are produced in Asia, there are still 8 subspecies in the last century: Bengal tiger, Northeast tiger, Java tiger, South China tiger, Caspian tiger, Bali tiger, Sumatran tiger, but the latter three subspecies became extinct one after another, and the Xinjiang tiger in China (it is not clear which subspecies it belongs to) became extinct in the beginning of the 20th century. The South China tiger weighs about 149-225 kilograms for males and 90-120 kilograms for females. Although it is not the largest tiger, its influence on the culture of the Chinese nation can be said to be far-reaching, and people talk about tigers, fear tigers, respect tigers, and believe that the mentality of "tiger eats man" is y rooted. People talk about tigers, fear tigers, respect tigers, and believe that "tigers eat people". As a result, tigers have been eaten by humans almost exclusively. The South China tiger is in a critical state, with a population of about 20 in the wild, distributed in isolated islands, and with a scarcity of prey. The 50 tigers in captivity are severely inbred and the degradation is obvious. We can't even protect this big cat as a symbol of the national spirit of "tiger and tiger with vitality" and "dragon and tiger leaping", can we protect ourselves? The disappearance of the tiger will herald the loss of the human soul. There are several exotic color shapes of tigers, such as the white tiger from Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India, the black tiger from Dongling, Hebei Province, China (extinct at the end of the 19th century) and the blue tiger from Fujian, China (extinct). The South China tiger is classified as "endangered" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Book, and is a Grade I protected animal in China.

Fifth, the Pearl of the Orient: Crested Ibis English name: Crested Ibis Scientific name: Nipponia nippon To ask what is the rarest bird in China, the crested ibis should be at the top of the list. This is known by zoologists as the "Pearl of the Orient" beautiful wading birds is a kind of people once thought to have been extinct birds, they were originally East Asia's specialty birds, only in China, North Korea, . . and Russia have distribution, but the 1960s after the twentieth century have lost sight of. Has the Crested Ibis really disappeared? In the late seventies, Chinese ornithologists began to search for the Crested Ibis, and in 1981, they finally found 2 broods of ***7 Crested Ibis in Yaojiagou, Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province, which sensationalized the world. The Crested Ibis survived because there are natural conditions adapted to its existence in the deep mountains of Yangxian County, one is the wetland foraging conditions, and the other is the nesting conditions in the high trees; the people here did not indiscriminately cut down the forests due to the respect for their ancestors' graveyard mountains, which provided the opportunity for the survival of this exotic bird. The highly endangered Crested Ibis is related to overhunting, forest decline and extensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. According to a superstitious legend, the word "ibis" literally means an extinct bird, because it is composed of the characters for "four" and "sorrow", which means "bird of death and sorrow". How can a "bird of death and sorrow" not be extinct? But the people of Yangxian County do not believe in evil, in order to protect the crested ibis, they paid a huge price, in the crested ibis foraging ground, do not apply pesticides and fertilizers, do not catch loaches, frogs, let the crested ibis come and go. At the beginning of the new century, the number of ibis in China has reached 248, can be said to have escaped from extinction, or even highly endangered doom. iucn red book "endangered" level.

Six, can be called the national bird: Brown Eared Pheasand English name: Brown Eared Pheasand Scientific name: Crossoptilon mantchuricum Brown Eared Pheasants is a kind of production in China Shanxi Pangquangou, Hebei Xiaowutai Mountain and Beijing Mentougou of the rare birds, because of the ear by the two snow-white ear feathers, similar to the long horns, or some people call the horns of the chicken or chicken ear. After the tail feathers upward, the spread down, like a horse's tail, so the name of the horse chicken, horse chicken genus *** there are four species, are produced in China, both the Tibetan horse chicken, white horse chicken, blue horse chicken and brown horse chicken. Although the name of the brown chicken, but the feather color black and brown, shiny, more amazing nature, fierce and good fighting, rather than die. In Shanxi Pangquangou Brown Horse Chicken Nature Reserve, farmers have seen the Brown Horse Chicken and the eagle fighting scene, the two birds twisted into a ball, rolled all over the ground, the eagle's claws strangled the chicken neck, the chicken claws to catch the eagle's eyes, both lose, very tragic. Just because the brown chicken has the courage to fight spirit, China as early as the Han Dynasty will have its tail feathers decorated with martial arts helmet to show that the records of the martial arts, the East Han's tiger Benzhonggong, to "crossbill feathers" to do the crown decoration, Cao * said: "crossbill chicken fierce gas, its fight in the must die, people and brown chicken and the brown chicken for the crown, like this is also! ". Ming Li Shizhen in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" said that the brown chicken "** Qi foraging, there are invaders straight to the struggle, although the death of worry is not placed". (brown chicken ancient language called "crossbill") will give its feathers to the form of military generals called "crossbill system". This system was carried on from generation to generation until the Qing Dynasty, and it was a great honor to be given this plume. The Brown Horse Cockerel is internationally known as the Giant Panda and has been placed on the emblem of the World Pheasants Association. Many zoologists have suggested that the Brown Horse Cockerel should be designated as the national bird of China. At present, the Brown Horse Cockerel is an "endangered" level of the IUCN Red Book, a first-class protected animal.

Some Solitary Species: Yangzi Alligator English Name: Chinese Alligator Scientific Name: Alligator sinensis Yangzi Alligator is the only crocodile species in China. There are 25 species of crocodiles in the world***, but there are only the Gulf crocodile and Yangzi crocodile in China. But as the largest crocodile (10 meters long), the Gulf crocodile has long been extinct a few hundred years ago, and the Yangzi crocodile is now China's endemic, but also from the ancient north of the only remaining distribution in the temperate zone of the relict species. As a reptile, alligator body length of 2 meters, good at swimming and inhabiting the water, nesting in the river and lake shallows, dense vegetation in the grass, winter, alligator but drilled into the underground hole in the hibernation, the cave depth of 2-3 meters, with 1-3 exit, the cave roof has a small hole for ventilation, the cave is up to a few meters to 20 meters ranging from tunnels, inside the store dead wood, Weeds, etc., hibernation to April and May, the Yangzi crocodile stings May and June into the breeding period, July and August spawning, egg white as eggs, two months after hatching out of the shell, born crocodile is very weak, often threatened by other animals. Yangzi crocodile, the main food snails, frogs, shrimps, crabs, fish, and rats, birds, etc., encountered a larger prey, it will be a thick and hard tail hit, full of a meal can be a long time without food. At present, due to the serious destruction of wetlands in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the enclosure of rivers and lakes into farmland, the number of wild ones is extremely rare, and artificial reproduction is quite successful. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Book "Critically Endangered". First-class protected animals.

Eight, the plateau bird: Black-necked Crane English name: Black-necked Crane Scientific name: Grus nigricollis Black-necked Crane is the world's only one kind of highland cranes, is the Tibetan people in the heart of the sacred bird, but also the world's fifteen cranes in the latest record of the crane, it is the Russian explorer Przhevalski in 1876 in China, Qinghai Lake, found the black-necked crane. It was discovered by the Russian explorer Przewalski in 1876 at Qinghai Lake in China. The black-necked crane breeds in Tibet in summer, and in winter moves to Yunnan and Guizhou to overwinter, and a few of them also fly over the Himalayas to Bhutan to overwinter. Black-necked cranes have black necks, tails, and wing feathers, gray bodies, and red tops on their heads, but they are not as obvious as the red-crowned cranes. As a bird inhabiting the plateau meadows and swamps, it originally lived and flew in Yunnan, Guizhou and Tibet, where it could not stand the cold and did not compete with the rest of the world. But in recent years, human development of wetlands, draining the marsh so that these plateau wading birds are facing the threat of losing their homes. According to the International Crane Foundation survey, Tibet has the world's largest population of black-necked cranes, estimated at 4,000, has been listed as the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN Red Book of vulnerable, first-class protected animals.

Nine, the snowy blood: Tibetan antelope English name: Tibetan Antelope Scientific name: Pantholops hodgsonii Tibetan antelope, in recent years, the world's attention, mainly due to the Western fashion industry since 1980, "Tibetan antelope velvet shawl" that is, "Shatuosh". The main reason is due to the western fashion industry since 1980 for the "Tibetan antelope velvet shawl" that is "Shatush" consumer demand and stimulate the poachers to kill, in addition, some gold miners are also wantonly killed, resulting in living in the life of the limit of the high alpine region of the Tibetan antelope is nearly 10,000 a year the speed of the decrease. In order to combat poaching, in the past few years, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet's anti-poaching force forestry public security has been in defense of the Tibetan antelope and other wildlife and fighting, the leader of which is the "wild yak team", they have two heroes have sacrificed their lives for this. Tibetan antelope is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, for the Artiodactyla, Bovidae, and has just been extinct for half a century in China's native high nose antelope closest relatives. The Tibetan antelope, also known as the "Horned Beast", numbered in the millions a century ago. Known to Tibetans as friends of the geese, they run like flies on the plateau and are difficult for wolves to catch up with, but poachers armed with cars and guns can kill them in pieces. There are currently less than 70,000 Tibetan antelope in China, but year after year, the illegal trade and massacres that have been banned have caused their numbers to plummet, and they are now classified as a Grade I protected animal, an IUCN protected species. First-class protected animals, the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN Red Book "endangered level".

Ten, lost and found: "four no elephant" elk English name: Pere David'deer Scientific name: Elaphurus davidianus "four no elephant" for the elk's common name, it is to be used as the Chinese name of the Chinese deer, it is to be used as the Chinese name of the elk. Common name: Pere David'deer Scientific name: Elaphurus davidianus The "Four No Elephants" is the common name of the Elaphurus davidianus, which is a wetland deer endemic to China that became extinct in China in 1900, but a small number of them survived in Europe, and only 18 were kept in the Ubang Monastery of the U.K., where the population recovered after a century of conservation. 1985, it returned to the Nanhaizi area of Beijing, which was the type locality of the Elaphurus davidianus (found in 1865 by David, the French missionary), and the place where it was originally found in Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasty royal hunting grounds. It is also the site of the former Yuan, Ming and Qing royal hunting grounds. Elk is a wetland animal, due to the adaptation of the wetland habitat, and the formation of a special form, the so-called "four unimaginable", the horns like a deer is not a deer, the face like a horse is not a horse, the hooves like a cow is not a cow, the tail like a donkey is not a donkey. China's elk from 1985, the first batch of the return of 38, was released in the Beijing Nanhaizi thousand acres of deer park, and gradually multiply and grow, moved to the Yangtze River in Hubei Shishou, thus successfully completing the return to the wild "reintroduction" project. In addition, the elk in Dafeng, Jiangsu Province, on the shore of the Yellow Sea, has also flourished, and together with the elk kept in more than 20 zoos across the country, the number had reached 1,300 by the beginning of 2001. The success of the elk's recovery and reintroduction is a demonstration of China's achievements in wildlife protection to the international community, and it is not only a living teaching material for patriotism education but also an important example to express to the public the possibilities and necessities of coordinated development between human beings and the nature. It is not only a living teaching material for patriotic education, but also an important example to express to the public the possibility and necessity of the harmonious development of man and nature.