Essentials of basic knowledge of medical beauty 1 1. General skin
1. Features:
General skin is the healthiest and most ideal skin, with moderate sebum secretion, small pores and rosy, delicate and elastic skin, but it is easily affected by age, climate and health.
2. Nursing focus:
Choose suitable cleaning products, and do a good job of sun protection, moisturizing and moisturizing, go to beauty salons for regular care, clean up aged keratin and keep skin elastic.
Second, dry skin.
1. Features:
White skin, small pores, less sebum secretion, dry skin, easy to produce fine lines and spots.
2. Reason:
Endocrine disorders, excessive secretion of female hormones, stimulate the formation of melanin, in addition, excessive ultraviolet radiation, changes in living habits, diet, etc. will also destroy the normal secretion of sebum membrane.
3. Nursing focus:
① Accelerate exfoliation and promote skin metabolism.
② Sunscreen, inhibiting tyrosinase from synthesizing melanin.
③ Reduce melanin.
4 Moisturize and moisten.
⑤ Regular maintenance of beauty salons.
spot
(1) Reasons (20% are external reasons and 80% are internal reasons);
External factors:
1. Use skin care products that are too oily-skin easily absorbs ultraviolet rays, leading to freckles and black spots.
2. Exposure or artificial light-installing mercury lamps indoors, fluorescent lamps and color TVs are as harmful to the skin as the sun.
3. Cosmetic factors-Some cosmetics contain chemical pigments, which are particularly sensitive to absorbing ultraviolet rays.
Internal factors:
1. During pregnancy-due to endocrine abnormalities, the secretion of follicle hormone in the body increases, leading to the proliferation of melanocytes.
2. Too much food and irritating food-coffee, cola, strong tea, cigarettes and wine, catalyze black cells to float on the skin surface.
3. Lack of nutrition.
4. Emotional factors-dark spots accumulation caused by tension, anxiety, bad temper, insomnia and fatigue, and hormonal imbalance.
5, uterine and ovarian diseases or long-term use of intrauterine devices and contraceptives.
6. Congenital genetic constitution-freckles began to appear at the age of 5 or 6, especially in adolescence.
(2) Prevention and treatment:
1 Avoid exposure to ultraviolet rays for too long.
2. Use skin care products containing SPF ingredients after washing your face.
3. avoid eating irritating food.
4. Pay attention to nutrition intake and take more vitamins C and E. ..
Pay attention to control your emotions and don't stay up late.
(3) Type:
1 sunburn-When the skin is exposed to sunlight, melanin will float on the epidermis to resist the strong damage of ultraviolet rays and maintain internal tissues. After that, these pigments will gradually decrease and disappear. However, if the exposure is excessive, the melanin tissue is destroyed, that is, it cannot be reduced and stays in the upper part of the epidermis, thus forming sunburn.
◎ Nursing advice-The mask can promote blood circulation, and vitamin C has a reducing effect.
2. Freckles are mostly hereditary, but they are mostly caused by acquired facial scars or excessive sun exposure.
◎ Nursing Suggestions-Generally, freckles can't be completely cured, but if proper skin care is done, the color can be faded.
3. Liver spots-also known as chloasma, are mostly middle-aged women, especially after menopause, cheeks, forehead, eyes, sides of nose and around chin. Endocrine abnormalities, dysfunction of liver, ovary, uterus and accessory kidney cortex, easy to fatigue, and people with weak constitution are prone to liver spots.
◎ Nursing advice-take vitamins C, E and high protein.
4. Pregnancy spots-caused by pregnancy, and uterine liver spots are caused by taking birth control pills or installing intrauterine devices.
◎ Nursing suggestions-long-term massage, maintenance, dressing, and taking vitamins C and E for dilution.
5. Melanosis-caused by long-term use of inferior, mercury-containing and lead-containing skin care products and cosmetics. Recently, many unscrupulous manufacturers have infiltrated mercury into cosmetics and skin care products for profit, claiming that they can cure black spots, facial cells, acne and bleaching. However, although mercury can sterilize and bleach, it is temporary. It will destroy skin red blood cells and produce melanosis. More serious mercury ointment will enter the body from the skin and damage the liver.
◎ Nursing suggestions-avoid heavy makeup, carefully select skin care products and cosmetics, avoid partial eclipse, and take more vitamin C. Melanosis patients need 1000 mg every day.
6. senile plaque-floating on the epidermis, due to long-term loss of maintenance, skin aging, or impaired ovarian function.
◎ Nursing advice-keep pores unobstructed, metabolism and blood circulation good, and keep it unremittingly.
Third, oily skin.
1. Features:
Oily skin has dark complexion, large pores, more oil secretion, greasy and shiny skin, and is not easy to wrinkle and insensitive to external stimuli, but it is prone to acne and acne.
2. Reason:
Due to endocrine disorders and high proportion of androgen, sebaceous glands are active, secrete too much oil, block pores and form acne. If it is not cleaned properly, it will infect bacteria and damage the dermis, resulting in inflammation, redness and acne.
3. Nursing methods:
① Accelerate exfoliation and promote skin metabolism.
② Inhibit oil secretion and shrink pores.
③ Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, calming and keeping skin clean.
4 sunscreen and moisturizing.
⑤ Regular maintenance of beauty salons.
Fourth, mixed skin.
1. Features:
Mixed skin has two characteristics: oily skin and dry skin. The facial T-shaped area (forehead, nose, mouth and jaw) is characterized by more oil secretion, thicker cuticle, easy to grow acne and acne, less oil on cheeks, delicate skin, but easy to dry, mostly between 25 and 35 years old.
2. Nursing focus:
① Accelerate exfoliation and promote skin metabolism.
(2) Sun protection to avoid excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays.
③T-shaped parts inhibit oil secretion, diminish inflammation, reduce swelling and calm down, with the emphasis on moisturizing cheeks.
④ Regular maintenance of beauty salons.
Five, sensitive skin
1. Features:
The skin is thin and the sebum membrane is damaged by internal and external factors, so the skin has poor resistance and is sensitive to external stimuli, and it is prone to some sensitive phenomena such as redness, swelling and itching.
2. Reason:
① Hereditary allergic constitution.
② External use of some drugs or inferior cosmetics.
3 excessive exfoliation, such as changing skin, leads to decreased skin resistance.
④ Allergy caused by other allergens (pollen, paint, fish and shrimp).
3. Nursing methods:
① Stay away from allergens.
② Repair damaged sebum membrane, strengthen capillary wall, re-establish skin defense system, and reduce sensitivity.
(3) Minimize irritation and avoid long-term hot spraying, that is, care of over-cooling or over-heating.
(4) don't use rough scrub, in order to avoid more serious sensitivity. Massage gently, not hard.
⑤ Choose anti-allergic skin care products to improve sensitivity.
⑥ Eat less irritating food and eat more foods rich in vitE and vitc to maintain the normal function of blood vessel wall.
⑦ Maintain the beauty salon regularly.
Six, skin aging
1. Features:
Insufficient oil and water secretion, slow keratin metabolism, decreased skin tissue function, weakened elasticity, dull skin, drooping, wrinkles and spots increased.
2. Reason:
(1) the growth of age
② Insufficient skin nutrition.
③ solarization
4 Long-term lack of sleep, tobacco and alcohol stimulation and improper use of cosmetics will all lead to skin aging.
3. Nursing focus:
(1) Sunscreen to isolate the direct damage of ultraviolet rays to the skin.
(2) supply the skin with the nutrients it needs.
③ Anti-oxidation.
④ Maintain a cheerful mood, get enough sleep, avoid alcohol and tobacco, and eat properly.
⑤ Regular maintenance of beauty salons.
Essentials of basic knowledge of medical beauty 2 1. What are the three layers of skin structure?
A: Derma, epidermis and subcutaneous tissue.
2. What five layers can the epidermis be divided into?
Answer: stratum corneum, transparent layer, granular layer, prickly layer and basal layer.
3. What is the function of stratum corneum?
A: The stratum corneum has protective, waterproof and antibacterial functions. There are 6- 10 layers, which are dead skin cells.
4. What is the function of the transparent layer?
Answer: The function of transparent layer is to control skin moisture and prevent a large amount of water from losing and entering.
5. What is the function of granular layer?
A: The function of the granular layer is to prevent foreign bodies from invading and filter ultraviolet rays.
6. What is the function of sebaceous glands?
A: The function of sebaceous glands is to secrete oil and moisturize the skin.
7. What is the function of sweat glands?
Answer: Sweat glands are used to sweat, regulate body temperature and excrete waste.
8. What five layers can the epidermis be divided into?
A: Dermal is directly related to skin aging and consists of collagen fibers and elastic fibers.
9. What cells are contained in the basal layer and what are their functions?
A: The basal layer contains melanin growth cells, and the way melanin accumulates determines the color of our skin.
10. With the increase of age, a series of aging problems appeared on the skin. What are the causes of rough, dry, dehydrated and wrinkled skin?
A: Roughness is caused by slowing skin metabolism and thickening cuticle. Dry water shortage is caused by the decrease of skin water content and water retention capacity. Wrinkles are caused by the slow formation of collagen fibers and elastic fibers, the formation of gaps and the lack of water in the skin.
1 1. Besides age, what other factors can affect skin health?
A: There are also changes in human hormones, environmental pollution, ultraviolet radiation, eating habits, sleep time and improper maintenance methods that will affect skin health.
What are the four basic types of 12 skin?
A: Dry, neutral, oily and mixed.
What are the characteristics of dry skin? What is the focus of maintenance?
A: Dry skin often feels tight, pores are fine, and eyes and neck are easy to relax. The focus of maintenance is to replenish water and reduce wrinkles and peeling.
What are the characteristics of oily skin? What is the focus of maintenance?
Answer: oily skin has large pores and excessive sebum secretion, which is easy to produce blisters. The key point of maintenance is to inhibit oil secretion and thoroughly remove excess oil and dirt from pores.
15. What are the characteristics of neutral skin? What is the focus of maintenance?
Answer: Neutral skin is smooth, tender and healthy, with delicate skin tissue, no coarse pores and no greasy parts. The focus of maintenance is to keep the skin balanced and moist, so that the skin texture can be more detailed.
What are the characteristics of mixed skin? What is the focus of maintenance?
A: T-shaped parts such as the nose wing of mixed skin are more shiny, but other parts of the face are too dry. The key point of maintenance is to inhibit the secretion of oil in T-shaped area and converge pores.
What are the 17 and 5 steps of skin care?
Answer: Clean, adjust skin, refresh skin, balance moisture and protect.
18, what is the function of the mask?
A: The function of the mask is to regulate the skin, gently remove dirt from the depths of pores and remove dead cells, which is beneficial for the skin to better absorb the nutrients in the mask.
19, what is the function of conditioning the skin?
A: The function of toning skin can further clean the skin, remove the residual substances in pores and balance the pH of the skin.
20. What is the cause of melanin?
A: When ultraviolet rays penetrate the stratum corneum at the top of the skin and reach the inner epidermis, tyrosinase in melanocytes will be activated, producing a large amount of melanin, thus causing the formation of pigmentation and uneven skin color.
Extended reading
How to protect the skin
8 glasses of water a day, the skin is not dry and full of elasticity.
Truth: Drinking plenty of water really helps to promote human metabolism and eliminate toxins in the body. But this is not a panacea for skin problems. Our skin can't directly absorb water molecules, so we can't have moist and shiny skin just by drinking enough water. We still need to use high-quality skin care products to replenish and maintain skin moisture.
Skin peeling indicates that the skin is too dry.
Truth: People with oily skin who clean their skin excessively or use shrink repair water can also cause the skin surface to be dry or even peeling. But no matter what kind of skin, if the skin is dry and desquamate constantly, it may be a skin disease. It is recommended to see a doctor.
Any soap will irritate the skin.
Truth: The so-called soap only makes cleaning products solid. At present, many beauty soaps contain moisturizing ingredients, which are mild in nature and can be used to clean the face-even for the maintenance of red blood skin.
Washing your face with cold water is better for your skin.
Truth: The ideal temperature is slightly hotter than the skin (about 35℃). Because too cold soap is not easy to dissolve, overheating will make the oil on the skin lose and make the skin rough. After washing, pat with cool water for better skin care effect, and then make a hydrating mask to make the skin beautiful.
Soaking in a hot bath for a long time can make the skin relaxed and cleaner.
Truth: Soaking in hot water for a long time will dry the skin, and very hot water will destroy the capillaries.
No makeup, no makeup remover.
Truth: First of all, some ingredients in sunscreen products are difficult to remove with hydrophilic cleansing products, and at the end of the day, the oil secreted by the skin is mixed with dust and radiation particles, so even without makeup, there will be a need to use makeup remover and anti-aging skin care products.
Strong anti-wrinkle cream can remove wrinkles.
Truth: Anti-wrinkle skin care products and any other skin care products can really nourish skin, temporarily make skin smooth and delicate, smooth fine lines, delay the arrival of aging, and prevent skin dryness and ultraviolet rays in the sun. The process of aging is impossible to reverse, and it is necessary to fight aging early.
Eye cream is only needed when there are fine lines around the eyes.
Truth: Even a 20-year-old may need eye cream, because the skin around the eyes is very thin, which is one of the first places where wrinkles appear. It is necessary to plan ahead and take precautions in advance. Once wrinkles appear, it is too late. Besides skin care products, what you eat is good for your skin and important for maintenance.
Baby skin care products are also suitable for adult skin.
Truth: Baby cream is really non-irritating, but it is also non-nutritious. Baby's skin itself is rich in collagen, but adult's skin needs to be supplemented with necessary nutrition.
Skin care products extracted from natural plants are mild and suitable for all sensitive skin.
Truth: Natural skin care products made of refined plants, Chinese herbal medicines and flower essential oils are really good, but they are not suitable for all allergic skin. Because plants also contain allergenic ingredients, girls have time to learn homemade Chinese medicine whitening mask.