Alias: bergamot, bergamot citron, tangerine, tangerine, longevity orange, bergamot orange, hand orange.
It is the fruit of bergamot in Rutaceae.
Resource distribution: Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places are cultivated.
Cultivation of medicinal plants: See for yourself whether the following conditions are suitable. ...
Biological characteristics like warm and humid climate, fear of severe frost and drought, tolerance to shade, barren and waterlogging. The optimum growth temperature is 22-24℃, and the overwintering temperature is 5℃
In fact, it can tolerate the extreme minimum temperature of -7-8℃. The annual precipitation is 1000-
1200mm is the most suitable. Like sunshine, annual sunshine hours 1, 200- 1, 800 h, suitable for planting in slightly acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, rich humus and good drainage.
Cultivation techniques include cutting and grafting. Cutting propagation: cutting can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn. Choose plants that are 7-8 years old. Yangtze river basin from April to June; May in North China; March-April or July-September in Guangdong. Hard branch cutting or soft branch cutting. Hardwood cutting: select 1 annual branches of adult plants, which are 15cm long and have 3-5 buds, remove the lower leaves, obliquely cut into horseshoes, leave the upper leaves, cut off half, and obliquely insert them in seedbeds or pots to expose one third of the ground. Cutting seedlings in the open field, cutting according to the row spacing of 20cm×6cm, and building a shade shed after cutting. It can survive after about 2 months of cultivation, and then take off the shade shed after rooting and germination. At seedling stage, loosen soil, weed, water and topdressing. In winter, the ground is covered with grass to prevent freezing. Transplanting after cutting for one year. Grafting propagation: cutting method is adopted, and rootstocks are Fructus Aurantii, orange and citron. Lemon seeds or seedlings cultivated by cutting. Before germination in early spring, the rootstock is cut 5-7 cm off the ground and 2-3 cm deep; The scion has 2-3 buds, the lower end of which is cut into a wedge shape, inserted into the incision of the rootstock, so that the two are closely combined, tied tightly with rope, coated with yellow mud, and then wrapped tightly with plastic tape to expose the top bud of the scion. After half a month, the buds will grow and heal. After 45-60 days, the new buds will be pulled out, and then the bandage will be removed. You can also use single bud abdominal grafting, single bud cutting grafting, docking and other methods. After the grafted seedlings survive, they are cultivated for 1-3 years and transplanted. Plant in spring or autumn, especially in early spring. According to the line spacing of 1m× 1m,
Triangular arrangement, aperture 50 cm, depth 30 cm. Apply a layer of compost or manure first, and then cover with a layer of soil. Seedlings can be planted with balls or dipped in mud, each hole 1 plant, filled with soil, compacted and watered.
During 2-3 years of field management and field planting, early-fallen plants should be replanted and mixed with grains.
Intercropping grain, vegetables and legumes. Intertillage weeding and fertilization 2-3 times a year. Intertillage weeding should be deep in the early stage and shallow in the later stage. Fertilization: apply less low-concentration fertilizer in the young tree stage, apply human excrement and urine 1 time before sprouting and branching, and apply human excrement and urine and cake fertilizer in the prosperous period; You can also pee.
Top-dressing with mixed solution of vegetables and superphosphate; Results Fertilization can be stopped when the plants are budding, and fertilized every half month after fruiting 1 time. After fruit picking, cake fertilizer, manure and calcium superphosphate should be applied again. Shaping and pruning, that is, pruning the crown into a natural round head shape, coring at 30cm of the trunk,
Select 3-4 backbone techniques, then core and sparse buds, and cultivate for 2-3 years to form a certain crown. The pruning of adult trees is mainly light, and dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, long branches, dense branches and thorns should be cut off in spring and autumn. When flowering, the redundant female flowers and male flowers should be removed, and every 1 short branch leaves 1-2 flowers. Therefore, too many branches need to be supported.
Pests and diseases control diseases include coal smoke, diseased leaves can be removed, properly pruned to make ventilation and light transmission good, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be added. Anthracnose can be sprayed with 1: 1: 15o times bordeaux mixture or 200 times 50% dinitrate powder. Besides, ulcers and sores are harmful. The insect pest is citrus golden claw mite, which can spray 20% sclerotium net 1000 times; Leaf-eating liriomyza sativae larvae can spray 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times; Cotton-blown scale insects are harmful to branches and leaves, and can be controlled by natural enemy ladybug, spraying 25% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times or using turpentine mixture. Using 1: 1: 10 times of tobacco lime water can control aphids and red spiders. Spray snail powder or 800 times solution of 90% crystal trichlorfon on snails. Spraying chitin worms with 800 times solution of 90% crystal trichlorfon. In addition, there are Papilio citri, orange rust mite and Chinese gill beetle.