China Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Anhui (Jinzhai) and Zhejiang (Fumushan). Mountain slopes, valleys, forests or thickets, 200-2 100 meters above sea level. Type specimens were collected from the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. Fruit can be eaten fresh and brewed.
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Basic introduction Chinese scientific name: Vitis amurensis Rupr. Other names: Amur grape, Mulong, tobacco and black world: Plant kingdom: Angiosperma: Dicotyledonous plants: Rhamnaceae: Grape family? Genus: Grape Genus: Vitis amurensis? Named by and year: Rupr., 1857 Morphological characteristics, main varieties, growing environment, habitat of origin, propagation methods, cultivation techniques, soil preparation, colonization, fertilization, pruning, pest control, main value and morphological characteristics of woody vines. Branchlets are cylindrical, glabrous, and shoots are sparsely covered with spider-like fluff. Tendrils are 2-3 branched, opposite to leaves at intervals of 2 nodes. The leaves are broadly ovoid, 6-24 cm long and 5-2 1 cm wide, 3-5-lobed or middle-lobed, or undivided. The tips of the leaves or middle lobes are acute or acuminate, and the lobes are often constricted or widened at intervals. The lobes are concave in a round shape, and the sparse ones are acute or obtuse. The leaves are heart-shaped, and the basal lobes are concave in a round or obtuse angle, with 28 on each side of the edge. There are 5 basal veins, 5-6 pairs of lateral veins in the midvein, which are obviously or slightly sunken above and protruding below, and the reticular veins are obvious below, which are more or less prominent except for the last level of venules, and are often pubescent or shed with little hair; The petiole is 4- 14 cm long, which is covered with spider-silk fluff at first, and then falls off without hair; Stipules membranous, brown, 4-8 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, obtuse at the top, with entire margin. Panicles are scattered, opposite to leaves, with well-developed branches at the base, 5- 13 cm long, often covered with spider-silk fluff at first, and then shed little hair; Pedicel 2-6 mm long, glabrous; The flower bud is obovoid, with a height of1.5-30mm and a round top; Calyx dish-shaped, 0.2-0.3 mm high, almost entire, glabrous; Petals 5, hat-shaped adhesive shedding; Stamens 5, filaments filiform, 0.9-2 mm long, anthers yellow, ovoid, 0.4-0.6 mm long, stamens are obviously short and aborted in female flowers; Disk developed, 5-lobed, 0.3-0.5 mm high; Pistil 1, ovary conical, style obvious, base slightly thicker, stigma slightly enlarged. Fruit diameter1-1.5cm; The seed is obovate, slightly concave at the top, with a short beak at the base. The hilum is oval in the middle of the back of the seed, with slightly protruding ridges on the ventral surface, and narrow cavities on both sides are strip-shaped, reaching the middle or near the top of the seed. The flowering period is May-June and the fruiting period is July-September. The main variety Vitis amurensis rupr.var.dissectaskvorts. The difference between this variety and the original variety is that the leaf depth is 3-5, and the fruit diameter is smaller, 0.8- 1 cm. The flowering period is May-June and the fruiting period is July-September. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Hebei. 50-200 meters above sea level. The model specimens were collected from Heilongjiang (Daxinganling). The growing environment of Vitis amurensis does not require strict soil conditions, and various soils can grow well. However, the soil with good drainage and deep soil layer is the best. Vitis amurensis is characterized by its drought tolerance and fear of waterlogging. Origin and habitat: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Anhui (Jinzhai) and Zhejiang (Fumushan) in China. Mountain slopes, valleys, forests or thickets, 200-2 100 meters above sea level. Propagation method Cutting propagation method is the main method of propagation of Vitis amurensis seedlings. It can be divided into two types: green cutting and hard cutting, with hard cutting as the main one. Hardwood cutting is to cut the annual branches trimmed in winter to a length of 16- 18 cm and make cuttings with a full bud at the top. The upper end of the cuttings is cut flat, and the cutting mouth is about 1 cm on the bud, and the lower end is cut obliquely to form cuttings with more than 2 nodes. The top bud of the cutting is reserved, and the bottom bud is cut off. Before cutting, α-hexanoic acid150mg/kg was treated16-24h, and the temperature was kept 15-20℃. Cutting seedbed can be used as electrothermal hotbed or hotbed of fire resistance. The cutting time is from the end of March to the beginning of April. The temperature of the cuttings in the seedbed is 28-30℃ in the early stage (about 20 days after the cutting), and the appropriate temperature and humidity are ensured in the middle stage (25-45 days after the cutting). The late stage (45-60 days after the cutting) is the training seedling stage, so it is necessary to control the water and temperature appropriately for transplanting in the open field. Cultivation techniques: deep ploughing and ripening: the whole garden is deeply ploughed in the autumn one year before planting, with a depth of 50 cm. If the whole garden cannot be deeply turned, planting ditches or holes should be dug with a depth of 50-80 cm and a width of 60-80 cm. Planting time: the autumn of the year before planting. Methods: It can be done simultaneously with the deep turning and ripening of the garden. Planting ditches are generally required to be 50-80 cm deep and 60-80 cm wide. In the garden with fertile soil and deep soil layer, planting holes can also be dug, which can be square or round with a width of 60×60 cm and a depth of 50 cm. The concrete methods are as follows: the surface layer ripe soil and the lower layer raw soil are stacked separately on both sides, and the topsoil is backfilled first. If the topsoil is insufficient, the topsoil between rows can be filled to two-thirds of the full ditch, and the decomposed organic fertilizer is mixed, and the raw soil is filled in the upper layer or spread between rows. After backfilling, the planting ditches and holes are higher than those between rows. Fertilization is mainly based on organic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer can be used if conditions permit. The application amount of organic fertilizer is more than 5 tons per mu; Fertilizer application rate is 30-40 kg of ammonium nitrate, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 25 kg of potassium chloride per mu. The application depth is about 30 cm below. Pruning, shaping and pruning methods are as follows: two new shoots are left to grow upward in the year of seedling planting, and three mature new shoots after defoliation in autumn form a fixed main vine in the future, which is generally cut at the fully mature bud eye, with a height of about 60-70 cm. After the second year's germination, the branches within 30 cm from the ground are plucked when they are timid, and a stout new shoot is selected on each node of the mother branch, and the weak ones should be erased from the twin branches. The secondary shoots are plucked with 1-3 leaves, and the new shoots are picked at 8- 10. In mid-August, the extended shoots were cored. After defoliation in the winter of the following year, 2-3 buds are left in the annual branches of each main vine for short-shoot pruning, and 8- 10 buds are left in the extended branches for pruning, with a length of 60-70 cm. After sprouting in the spring of the third year, the treatment of secondary shoots is the same as that in the second year. When pruning in winter after defoliation in autumn, the pruning length of branches is extended by about 0.6-0.8m, resulting in the pruning length of mother branches of 2-3 knots. In order to make young trees mainly long trees, and not to bear too much fruit, only the lowest fruiting mother branch (closest to the main vine) is still kept on the lateral vine, and 2-3 buds are kept for short pruning. After entering the fruiting peak, the pruning method of the fruiting group is carried out on the lateral vine. The pruning in the fourth year is the same as that in the third year, except that the extended branches continue to be pruned. At this point, the plastic pruning is completed. Downy mildew is the most serious disease in pest control. The main pests are Cerambycidae, coccidia, leaf weevil and so on. Prevention and control methods: Amisi has a good protective and preventive effect. In order to have a better effect, it should be applied before the disease occurs. It is recommended to apply pesticide three times per grape production cycle: the first time is before grape flowering (mid-April); The second time was in the stage of grape withering-young fruit (mid-May); The third time is before bagging grapes (early June). Pesticides for pest control should be used in turn to reduce resistance and improve control effect. The main value of this fruit is that it can be eaten fresh and brewed.