In China, China prawns are mostly called prawns, prawns, prawns, green prawns (female) and yellow prawns (male), and Japanese prawns are called Penaeus monodon, which are mainly distributed in Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and northern East China Sea, and are the main cultured species in China. Characterized in that:
1. The individual is bigger.
The female shrimp in natural sea area is generally 16 ~ 20cm long, 70 ~ 80g long, 26cm long and 150g heavy. Male shrimp is generally 14~ 16 cm long and weighs 40~50 grams. Generally, the female cultured prawns are 12 ~ 15cm in length and 20 ~ 30g in weight.
2. Growth is faster
General culture 100~ 120 days, average body length 12 cm or more, weight more than 20 grams.
3. Strong adaptability
Penaeus China belongs to low temperature and wide salt species; The optimum temperature range of breeding period is 14~30 degrees Celsius, and the optimum water temperature is 25 degrees Celsius. The lethal low temperature is 4 degrees Celsius and the lethal high temperature is 38 degrees Celsius. The suitable salinity range is 0.2%~4%. It can still grow normally when the dissolved oxygen is as low as 2 mg/L.
4. Lack of seed sources
The techniques of overwintering and artificial rearing of parent shrimps have matured, and industrial rearing can be produced in large quantities, and the source of fry has been solved.
5. Easy to catch
Because it doesn't have a strong habit of diving sand like Penaeus japonicus, it can open the gate to collect shrimp, and the catching method is simple and easy.
Second, Penaeus monodon
This shrimp is named for its mottled crustaceans and because it likes to live among aquatic plants or algae. Also known as grass shrimp in the southern coast of China and Taiwan Province Province, it is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters, such as the Indian Ocean, the Philippines, Australia and the southern coast of Japan. Common in Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Qionghai and other places in China, it is an excellent breed. Judging from the current breeding scale and output, together with China Penaeus vannamei and South American Penaeus vannamei, it is called the three largest prawns in the world. Characterized in that:
1. Individual size
Among prawns, Penaeus monodon is the largest individual. According to relevant data, the maximum length can reach 30 cm, the weight can reach 350~400 grams, and the maximum can reach 500 grams, which is called "the best of prawns".
fast growth
According to the report of Taiwan Province Province, after 120 days of culture, the weight of shrimp ponds with mixed culture of fish and shrimp increased from 0. 1g to 55g. Generally, the length of intensive shrimp ponds can reach 12cm and the weight is above 20g.
3. Strong adaptability
The suitable water temperature range is 10~34℃, and the optimum water temperature is 28℃. When the water temperature is not more than 34 degrees Celsius, the dissolved oxygen is not less than 2 mg/L and the salinity is 0.2%~4%, it can grow normally.
Step 4 eat all kinds of food
This feed is a bit like a plant. High yield, 3000~4500 kg per hectare, low feed coefficient, generally 1.5~2.0.
5. You can live
Because the crustacean of Penaeus monodon is thick and hard, it has strong resistance to mechanical damage and manna, so it can be transported and exported from a long distance.
3. Penaeus japonicus
Because of the colorful patterns on its shell, Guangdong calls it bamboo shrimp, Taiwan Province calls it spotted shrimp, Hong Kong calls it flower shrimp, and Japan calls it chexia. It is distributed in the Red Sea and the coastal areas from eastern Africa to North Korea and Japan, as well as the East China Sea and South China Sea of China. This variety is the main breeding variety in Japan, and has been widely propagated in China. Characterized in that:
1. The individual is bigger.
The female shrimp in natural sea area is generally16 ~18cm in length and 50 ~ 60g in weight, and the maximum is130g.
2. Growth is faster
General culture 100~ 120 days, average body length 12 cm or more, weight more than 20 grams.
3. Strong adaptability
This species is a low-temperature tolerant species of China Penaeus (except China Penaeus). The optimum temperature range of breeding period is 14~30℃, and the optimum temperature is 22~28℃. When the temperature drops to 10 degrees Celsius, food will stop eating and die at 5 degrees Celsius. It can tolerate high salt, but can't tolerate low salt. The suitable salinity is 2%~3.5%, and it can't live in low salt water below 2% for a long time. Because of its wide temperature range, it is possible to use the idle shrimp ponds in the south and raise shrimp in the north in winter.
4. Have a strong habit of diving in sand
The depth of grit deposition deepens with the increase of body length, which is 1~2 cm in the early stage and 4~5 cm in the later stage. Staying in the daytime and coming out at night, the culture environment is suitable for fresh water and loose fine sand.
5. You can live
Because of its thick shell, it can resist manna and not die for a long time after leaving water, which is suitable for long-distance transportation and live shrimp export.
Fourth, Penaeus penicillatus
This species is the main breeding species in southern China. Minnan calls it red shrimp, Guangdong calls it prawn or white shrimp, and Taiwan Province calls it red-tailed shrimp. Mainly distributed in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific coast of Pakistan and Indonesia, with Fujian, Taiwan Province and the eastern coast of Guangdong being the most common. Characterized in that:
1. The individual is bigger.
In natural sea areas, females generally have a body length of15 ~18cm and a weight of 50 ~ 60g, with a maximum of100g.
2. Growth is faster
General culture 100~ 120 days, average body length 12 cm, weight more than 20 grams.
3. Strong adaptability
During the culture period, the suitable temperature range is 16~34 degrees Celsius and the salinity is 1%~3.5%. Resistant to high salt but not low salt, thin shell is vulnerable to mechanical damage.
The source of seeds is easy to solve.
Mature parent shrimp can be obtained in artificial breeding or natural areas, and it is easy to carry out artificial seedling raising and industrial production.
5. Late recommendation or secondary recommendation can be made.
Because this species is more resistant to low temperature than other shrimps in the south, it can be recommended later and twice.