(1) Preparation before design

1. Select the concept of masthead based on the content of this issue’s blackboard promotion, and consider the position and space of the masthead in the layout. 2. Understand the content of each article, prioritize it, and then roughly determine its position and arrangement in the layout based on the content and length of the article. 3. Determine the arrangement and position of the headline and the titles of each article. 4. Conceive and select the title flowers, tail flowers, borders, etc. of each article. 5. Determine the overall tone and the tone of each article, for example: serious or lively, warm or cool.

(2) Overall layout design

Publishing a blackboard newspaper seems very simple and easy. A blackboard only has a few pieces of content, and it can be completed quickly. However, in actual operation, There is a lot of knowledge involved in running a blackboard newspaper well. Because publishing blackboard newspapers integrates writing, painting, calligraphy, design, color and other knowledge and skills, it is a comprehensive application of multiple knowledge and skills. Therefore, the design board should have an overall concept and consider the overall composition and layout of the blackboard. It should not only emphasize the ideological nature of the content, but also not ignore the artistry of the form. Therefore, the arrangement of articles, titles, and mastheads, as well as the use of fonts, patterns, and colors should make them an organic whole that is intrinsically linked to each other. 1. Arrangement and visual effects The arrangement of articles on the blackboard is generally divided into three forms: horizontal, vertical, and a combination of horizontal and vertical. The rules for the attention value of visual effects are: the upper left part has the greatest attention value, the left half is greater than the right half, and the upper left part has the greatest attention value. The half is larger than the lower half, and the eye level is larger than the upper and lower ends. In addition, the difference between the visual effect and the actual balance relationship must also be considered. The human visual center is not exactly equal to the mathematical center. Its visual center is higher than the mathematical center. The visual dividing line distinguishes the upper and lower parts at a ratio of 1:1.62. It is called the "golden section". Blackboard newspaper layout and composition require relative symmetry and balance. They do not have to follow a pattern, that is, a single symmetrical balance in a specific form. To break the traditional form, the key is to maintain people's sense of consciousness. balance on. 2. Typesetting form: The board should report the content of the central article according to the overall design requirements and the attention value of the layout, and arrange it appropriately to achieve a neat, organized, novel, lively, eye-catching, and beautiful visual effect. Several common layout forms are as follows: (1) Radial type (2) Continuous type (3) "M" or "W" type (4) Concave-convex type (5) Diamond type (6) "+" or "*" type (7) Ladder type (8) "~" type (9) "Twenty" or "well" type layout, the form and intention of the composition will also arouse some associations in the readers and involve a certain amount of emotional awareness. Horizontal and parallel layout and composition give people a sense of ease, peace, and tranquility, because horizontality, calmness, and even human rest are usually expressed in this form. Slanted lines and curves in the layout generally represent a sense of movement such as flow and striving forward. The serrated shape often gives people a feeling of tension and pain. The tooth shape spread out in the center clearly shows expansion and danger. The equilateral triangle is sharp, hard, stable, and unshakable. The trapezoid gives people a sense of solidity and durability, and it seems that it will never overturn or roll. The "V" shape represents instability and is a shape that is difficult to support. It also reminds people of the ribbon of the Victory Medal. The diamond shape gives people a harmonious and balanced atmosphere, like a smile. The square shape is an image of uprightness, solemnity, strength, and simplicity, which gives people a sense of stability. The fan shape often gives people a relaxed, cool and euphemistic meaning. Semicircles are usually associated with tranquility and softness, giving people a feeling of fullness and plumpness. The oval shape has a pleasant, soft, and expanding feel.

Section 3 Masthead Design and Creation

The masthead is the "head" of a newspaper. It can be said that as a special newspaper, the blackboard newspaper is just like the cover of a book. First of all In the eyes of readers, the main thing that attracts readers is probably the masthead. Because in the entire page of the blackboard newspaper, the masthead occupies a position with higher attention value and accounts for a considerable proportion of the page. Moreover, the masthead is mainly based on pictures and is made of colored chalk or other pigments, which is the most eye-catching. Therefore, the design and production of the masthead are very important. Let’s talk about several problems with the masthead.

1. Masthead and theme

Since the masthead is the "head" of a newspaper, it is natural that pictures should be used to vividly reflect the theme of the blackboard newspaper, so that people can know the blackboard issue at a glance. The main content of the newspaper, roughly what the article is. At the same time, the masthead design should also be linked to the nature and characteristics of the work of the unit and department.

In short, the masthead should serve the content of the blackboard newspaper, highlight the center, highlight the theme, and enhance the publicity effect. Second, we must combine the nature of the unit to give it its own characteristics. Generally speaking, the header should be changed according to the content of each issue. If the content changes frequently, it can also be changed every few issues.

2. Main points of masthead design

(1) Theme paintings: characters, buildings, weapons or animals, plants (2) Masthead words: such as "Military Camp World", "Weapons Expo" "Etc. (3) Geometric figures or lace: Geometric figures can be composed of single lines or color blocks, and the shape, basic tones, and lace of the masthead can be used to decorate and beautify the masthead. In addition to the above components, the masthead should also be equipped with relevant words such as the sponsor, publication date, issue number, etc., to give readers a general understanding of the publishing situation of the blackboard newspaper in front of them. According to the theme, we can still choose appropriate materials. We can draw materials from sketches, albums, photos, and newspaper clippings accumulated in life, and innovate or simplify, summarize, exaggerate, and combine them with certain geometric figures to design and produce the masthead. The requirements of "balance and conscious feeling" should be followed.

3. The position of the masthead in the layout

The masthead position is generally arranged in the middle, upper middle, upper left corner, and upper right corner of the blackboard newspaper layout. Of course, there are also unique arrangements in the center. The lower part, lower left corner, and lower right corner make the layout unique and charming. But it should be noted that it is best to change the position of the masthead every period. The "dynamism" of the masthead position will create a sense of freshness and avoid the same old faces.

Section 4 Title

The title is the title. A blackboard newspaper usually has both a big title and a subtitle. The title should be concise and comprehensive, eye-catching and profound.

1. Title font selection

The title has a strong ideological and emotional color. It is very important to choose what kind of font. A good choice can increase the charm of the title. Otherwise, it will cause The opposite effect. Title fonts are usually divided into two categories, one is calligraphy and the other is artistic fonts. Commonly used fonts are: Seal script: neat and beautiful, graceful and smooth, comfortable and simple. Official script: gentle and full, euphemistic and smooth, light and simple. Wei Shu: Strong muscles and bones, vigorous and sharp, rough and powerful. Helvetica: Serious and solemn. Black-style: Rigorous and thick. Song-style: Thin and fragrant. Song-style: Steady and generous. Variety-style: Simple and generous. Amber-style: Lively and natural

2. The arrangement and proportion of titles in the layout

The title serves as an outline and guides readers to read. It is generally placed in a more important position. It can be arranged horizontally, vertically, diagonally, arc-shaped, wavy and staggered. Generally, a horizontal and vertical arrangement is used to make the layout lively, changeable and dynamic. Although the uniform horizontal or vertical arrangement is simple and convenient for arrangement, it looks dull and lifeless. Although the title is important, it should not occupy too much space, otherwise it will appear top-heavy. Therefore, attention should be paid to the appropriate proportion.

3. Fonts and formats for copying blackboard manuscripts

The fonts for copying blackboard manuscripts are fundamentally different from the font selection for titles. The font of the title should be chosen to match the content, thoughts, and emotions expressed in the title, and should be as consistent as possible with the personality of the font. However, the font of the blackboard manuscript should be chosen to make the entire page neat and easy to read. Therefore, the general choices are: Bian imitating Song Dynasty, official script, Wei style, regular script, and Xingkai script. Copying the text of the blackboard newspaper is an important step. When copying, you must not only pay attention to the general requirements of character spacing and line spacing, but also consider the overall artistic effect of the blackboard newspaper. Looking at the entire layout, the frame spacing is greater than the page spacing, the page spacing is greater than the line spacing, and the line spacing is greater than the character spacing. Looking at the entire length of the blackboard newspaper, the side spacing is greater than the line spacing. The specific proportions of the above items can be determined by reference to the arrangement proportions of newspapers, periodicals and books, but no matter the number, the copying format and proportions of the entire page must be consistent. A summary of the blackboard text copying essentials is as follows: Strive to master the font: the same font, the same size, the same thickness, the same shade, correct handwriting, and standard font shape. Copy as much as possible: parallel left and right, aligned top and bottom, top spacing greater than side spacing, side spacing greater than line spacing, line spacing greater than character spacing, horizontal writing starting from the left, vertical writing starting from the right, both ends flush, using the same color, preferably white , punctuation points are left blank. The key points of layout production are summarized as follows: novel design, appropriate proportion, clear theme, prominent focus, scattered and balanced changes, density and tightness, appropriate tightness, bright masthead, eye-catching title, short articles, pictures and texts, large characters in color, diverse fonts, small characters in white, The fonts are unified, the copying is neat, and the organization is clear.

Comments on blackboard newspapers

Evaluating a blackboard newspaper can generally be considered from the following aspects: 1. Overall evaluation of the entire page, focusing on reconstruction, layout and visual effects; 2. Articles The content, literary talent, and writing skills; 3. The artistic processing of mastheads, mastheads, illustrations, lace and other art and the degree of integration with the ideological content and central theme of the article; 4. The processing of title fonts, arrangement, and words; 5. Text copying Arrange with the article; 6. Use of color. Comments are not necessarily exhaustive, but focus on what is different, unique, innovative, and distinctive, while also pointing out shortcomings.

Layout design

The layout of the blackboard newspaper includes text, masthead, title and other content. The layout of each issue must be considered in advance and the design and arrangement should be unified according to the content. Make sure that the key text content is highlighted, the title is lively and lively, and the masthead is beautiful and generous, so as to play its due publicity role. 1． Text: When designing the layout, you must first have a comprehensive understanding of the content of the text manuscript. Take a look at how many articles there are, how many words each article has, and how much space it occupies on the page. Then make an overall plan, unify the layout, and reasonably arrange the location of the manuscript. Pay attention to placing important articles in prominent and eye-catching positions, and other articles such as long and short articles can be interspersed. Text manuscripts are mostly arranged horizontally, and a small amount of vertical arrangement may be used according to the content of the text, but vertically arranged articles should be short and concise. 2． Masthead When arranging the text, you should also consider what masthead to use. The masthead painting is designed to match the content of the article or according to the needs of the layout. It can be painted together with the title of the key article, or it can be painted separately next to the title, or it can be painted in the middle of the article. Masthead paintings are usually arranged in the upper left, upper right or middle of the page. 3． Title: The title is arranged to match the content of the article or according to the overall needs of the layout. Titles can be divided into two types: banner titles and article titles. The banner title is the theme of the entire page content. It is usually arranged horizontally at the top of the page, or it can also be arranged vertically on the left side of the page. The article title is the title of each article. It can be used together with the title picture, or it can be arranged horizontally or vertically at the top, left or middle of the article. 4． Illustrations: Illustrations, also called blackboard drawings, are arranged according to the needs of the layout of the article. Illustrations should closely match the central idea of ??the article. They can be drawn beside the text or on the forehead. The graphics can be large or small. However, please note that there should not be too many illustrations to avoid crowding the layout. 5. Gap: The so-called gap means that in layout design, attention should be paid to leaving a certain amount of space between articles, mastheads, titles and illustrations. Text, headers, titles and illustrations cannot be written or drawn close to the edge of the blackboard. Leave gaps for "Heaven", "Earth", left and right, and at least one word of space around the edges (usually about 5 centimeters). The gap between each part should be determined according to the needs. If it is too small, the layout will appear crowded and "airtight", while if it is too large, the layout will appear loose and uncompact. In short, the layout design of a blackboard newspaper requires proper text arrangement and appropriate matching of masthead, title, illustrations, etc. Achieve overall layout, flexible interleaving, clear priorities, and clear organization, so that the layout is beautiful, lively, rich in pictures and texts, and achieves good publicity effects.

Masthead design

The masthead is a header painting that matches the title of the article, and is composed of pictures and header words. The masthead can not only highlight the theme of the blackboard newspaper content, but also beautify the layout of the blackboard newspaper. 1． Composition of the masthead: Like other paintings, the masthead should also pay attention to composition issues. Composition is inseparable from conception, and conception is inseparable from the content and title of the article. Therefore, the composition of the masthead should be conceived and designed around the content and title of the article. ① Masthead title words: The masthead title words are an important part of the masthead content. It is intertwined with the masthead screen, complements each other, and plays a role of both pictures and text. The title of the masthead generally accounts for about one-third of the entire masthead. It can be added to the top, bottom, left or right of the masthead screen, or it can be written in the middle or to one corner. The font of the masthead title can be written in bold, Song, variant, handwriting, etc. according to the needs of the screen. However, we must pay attention to the harmony and unity of the font and the picture, and cannot be isolated from each other. ② Masthead screen: The masthead screen should be drawn based on the content and title of the article. It requires a general image, a prominent theme, a stable center of gravity, and compact calligraphy and painting. At the same time, the picture must have movement and stillness, virtuality and reality, and a strong sense of integrity. ③Composition form: The masthead title words and masthead painting should be organized together and laid out in a unified manner to form a complete masthead composition. Commonly used composition forms are symmetrical and balanced.

When drawing a symmetrical composition or a balanced composition, you can use different geometric shapes as outlines according to the needs of the picture to assist the header and make the composition more rigorous and complete (Figure 2, Figure 3). 2． How to draw the masthead. The way to draw the masthead depends on the content and title of the article. It can be simple or complex. Solemn content and titles can be drawn in combination with characters, buildings or commemorative signs. Lively content and titles can be combined with animals, flowers, landscapes or daily necessities. The masthead painting should have an overall layout, and the position and proportion of the words and paintings should be reasonably designed. Generally, the geometric shape is drawn first, and then the image and title are added (Figure 4). Some masthead paintings may not use geometric shapes as outlines. Draw the image first and then write the title (Figure 5). 3． The color of the masthead is the most prominent and eye-catching part of the blackboard newspaper. The color of the masthead directly affects the effect of the masthead. Therefore, it is necessary to match the colors well when drawing the masthead. First, we must pay attention to the main tone of the entire masthead painting, which should not be too complicated, but should be concise and lively, highlighting the theme. Otherwise, the picture will be messy and the overall feeling will not be strong. Secondly, we should pay attention to the freshness of the colors in the masthead painting, and use the contrast between cold and warm and the contrast between dark and light to make the picture eye-catching. Third, we should pay attention to the sharp contrast between the image in the masthead painting and the color of the title words, so that the words and paintings set off and complement each other.

Title design

The title of the blackboard newspaper includes the column title and the article title. Most of the banner titles are to summarize and highlight the main content and central idea of ??the page, making it clear at a glance. The article title is the title or summary of the content of an article. If the title is used properly, it can play a "finishing point" role. 1． The form of the title There is a difference between the title and the header title. The masthead title words are words written within the masthead picture and are an integral part of the masthead content. The title is not included in the masthead. It is written at the top of the entire page or in front of the article. Titles can be divided into solemn and lively titles. Solemn and serious titles such as "Celebrating National Day", "The Glory of the Party Shines in My Heart", "The Motherland is in My Heart", "Learn from Lei Feng and Establish a New Trend", etc. Lively titles such as "World of Knowledge", "Road to Talent", "Celebrating Children's Day", "The Beauty of My Hometown", "Welcoming the New Year", etc. 2． The font of the title The font of the title can be determined according to the content of the article. Titles with solemn content often use bold, Song, and other fonts to give people a eye-catching, beautiful, and generous feeling. For titles with lively content, you can use variations, cursive script and other fonts to make people feel lively. The font structure of the title should be uniform and the strokes should be clear. It should be noted that the font size of the banner title should be larger and the font size of the article title should be smaller. The font sizes of the two titles should be designed and written according to the layout. The fonts for the larger layouts will be larger, and the fonts for the smaller layouts will be smaller. 3． How to write the title words ① Calculation: Before writing the title words, check the total number of words in the total blackboard space (length, height), and calculate the size (length, height) of each word on the paper, and the distance between the words. Be aware of the spacing. ② Crossing: After the title words are calculated, start crossing the blackboard. There are the following methods for crossing the grid. One is to use a long ruler to directly mark the position and length (including the word spacing) of the title on the blackboard. The second is to use several rubber bands (as many rubber bands as there are words) to connect them. According to the position of the title, fix one end of the first rubber band to the left end of the first word, and then pull the last rubber band towards the last word. The right end is fixed. Then use chalk to draw lines at the joints of each rubber band, which are the width (left and right) dividing lines for each word. After the width lines of the characters are drawn, use a long ruler to draw the height (upper and lower) lines uniformly from left to right. Finally, use a short ruler to draw the spacing lines between the characters in each square. Even if it is done (Figure 6). You can also use an elastic band to mark equidistant points on it and stretch it according to the above method to draw an even grid. However, no matter what method is used to draw the grid, the lines must be lighter and can be seen clearly. If the lines are too heavy, it will affect the appearance of the layout. ③Writing: The title can be written in Song font or bold font. The way to write Song-style characters is to first write the structure of the character with a single line, and then widen it according to the stroke requirements of Song-style characters. To write boldface characters, first, use a blackboard brush or oil paint pen dipped in water to write boldface characters on the blackboard. While the writing is still wet, use chalk to outline the outline. You can also use chalk to solidify the characters. The second is to use old book paper or old newspapers, fold them according to the width of the font, dip it in water to write bold words on the blackboard, and then use chalk to outline it. You can also use a single line to write the structure of the character, and then follow the stroke requirements of the boldface character and make the font bold.

After the title words are written, check whether the font structure is even and consistent in size. If there are problems, modify them.

Text layout

The article content of the blackboard newspaper occupies the vast majority of the page area. How to organize articles with different contents so that the layout is unified and beautiful, you must carefully analyze and study the content and length of all articles. 1． Classification: In order to organize the layout well, it is necessary to classify articles and group articles with similar content together. Articles with important content, such as "domestic news", "road to reform", "new school trends", "new company news", etc., should be placed in a prominent position on the page to attract readers' attention. Other articles such as "Weekend Literature and Art", "June 1 Singing", "Knowledge World", etc. are also arranged together as much as possible. When classifying articles, the priorities should be clear and the center should be highlighted. 2． Arrangement: After the articles are divided into categories, the number of words in each article must be calculated, and then the position of each article should be unified. Most of the text is arranged horizontally. In order to enliven the layout, some vertical characters can also be arranged appropriately. Since people read from left to right and read horizontally, there should be fewer vertical words. When arranging text, also pay attention to the number of words per line should not be too many. If there are too many, the layout will not be lively, and it will be difficult for readers to read, and the eyes will easily feel tired. Because the content of articles in each issue is different, the layout will also change. We should use more brains, analyze more, study carefully, and strive to have new ideas in the layout of each issue.

Blackboard writing

In addition to the beautiful masthead and title, the blackboard newspaper also has a beautiful writing style. Very important. Good chalk calligraphy can not only increase the beauty of the layout, but also attract many readers. Therefore, whether the writing on the blackboard is beautiful or not will directly affect the publicity effect. 1． Pen-holding posture: The pen-holding posture for blackboard newspaper writing is slightly different from that of pens and pencils. Generally, you can hold the front end of the chalk with your thumb, index finger and middle finger. Note that the chalk should not be held too far back to prevent it from breaking when writing. 2． Blackboard fonts: The fonts for blackboard newspapers should be neat and beautiful. Commonly used blackboard writing fonts include regular script, fine isoline, imitation Song style and running script. The font of the blackboard writing should be determined according to the length of the article. If the article content is short or prominent, it can be written in regular script or Song Dynasty script. If the article content is long or lively, it can be written in fine line style or running script. However, no matter which font is used for writing, the handwriting must be clear, standardized, and neat, and cursive and some irregular fonts cannot be used to avoid affecting the beauty of the layout and readers' interest, and encouraging the bad habit of writing irregular characters. 3． Although the chalk calligraphy on blackboard newspapers does not have as strict rules and requirements as brush calligraphy and artistic calligraphy, you must also understand the basic structure of Chinese characters and the stroke changes of various fonts. This is the most basic requirement for writing well on blackboard. . ① Thin isolinear font: Isolinear font is also called boldface, which is characterized by consistent thickness of strokes and rigorous structure. The thin isoline font is not as thick as the bold font, but is a font written directly on the blackboard using chalk according to the structure of Chinese characters. The font is required to be square, with reasonable structure, horizontal and vertical strokes, neat starting and finishing strokes, slightly rounded corners, and even arrangement. During the writing process, the angle of contact between the chalk and the board must be constantly changed to ensure that the thickness of the strokes is consistent. The thin isocline body can be long or square (Figure 10). ② Imitation Song-style characters: Use chalk to write imitation Song-ti characters on the blackboard. You can write according to the structure and strokes of the imitation Song-ti characters in the art calligraphy. The strokes are required to be consistent in thickness, horizontally and vertically, and have sharp points, strokes, strokes, and hooks. The imitation Song style chalk calligraphy is not as strict as the imitation Song style in artistic calligraphy. It can have different writing styles, such as writing the horizontal strokes of the font slightly diagonally, while keeping other strokes unchanged (Figure 11). When writing imitation Song style characters with chalk, you must strive to make the fonts clear, neat and beautiful. ③ Regular script: Use chalk to write regular script characters on the blackboard. You can refer to the strokes of regular script characters in calligraphy. In particular, you should pay attention to the writing method of regular script in hard-pen calligraphy. Its strokes are flexible, neat and clear, and are suitable for reference in chalk blackboard writing. When using chalk to write the "point", "skip", "捺" and "hook" of regular script characters, be slightly sharp. When drawing horizontally or vertically, there is a pause when starting the pen and a pause when closing the pen. The corners are slightly rounded and the hook curves naturally and easily. As the strokes change, also rotate the chalk to ensure the lettering is even. The regular script characters written with chalk will not be as full and round as the regular script characters written with the brush, nor will they be as varied as the regular script characters with the fountain pen, but as long as the strokes and structure of the characters are arranged in a balanced and coordinated manner, it will be enough.

④ Running script: Use chalk to write running script on the blackboard. Although it is not as rigorous in structure and standardized strokes as calligraphy, it still has the basic structural characteristics of calligraphy. Therefore, the starting and ending of strokes such as dots, horizontal strokes, vertical strokes, strokes, strokes, hooks, etc. in chalk writing must be explained clearly, radicals and radicals must be well matched, and characters must correspond to each other. Especially considering that the writing of the entire text must have the characteristics of running script and the overall beauty. We must not think that running script is written and changed at will, resulting in large and small text, scrawled and disorganized text, making it difficult for readers to recognize and losing the proper publicity effect. The reasons why beginners do not do well in blackboard writing: First, they have not mastered the structure of the font. When writing, the upper part is either larger or the lower part is larger, or the left side is looser and the right side is tighter, resulting in an uncoordinated and uneven font stroke structure. The second is the failure to grasp the changing rules of the strokes of the font. There is a lack of interpenetration and mutual echo between the strokes when writing, resulting in loose, weak or dull and monotonous fonts. The third is lack of practice, lack of proficiency in writing, or failure to follow the requirements of font structure and stroke changes, resulting in uneven font strokes that should be flat, straight, or square. The shortcomings of blackboard writing fonts can be completely overcome. By reading more, writing more, and practicing more, you can gradually master the rules and methods of writing.