Pinyin name Xi m: o b m: I bu
Root of medical asparagus, root of medical asparagus.
Alias door winter potato, Thoreau, Stemona.
source
Source of medicinal materials: root tuber of asparagus in Liliaceae.
Latin animal and plant mineral name: asparagus.
Harvest and storage: dig in autumn, eat fresh or slice and dry.
Primitive asparagus, perennial herb, 1-2 meters high. The roots are fleshy and stout. Stems erect, smooth and spineless, branched, green and slightly pink; The tender stems are stout and have dense scaly leaves; The leafy branches are in bundles, filiform and cylindrical, 5- 15 mm long, and the leaves (that is, scales) are extremely small. Flowers unisexual, stipitate, 1-4 flowers clustered in leaf axils of leafy branches, bell-shaped; Perianth 6, yellow-green; Stamens 6, inserted at the base of perianth; Ovary 3-sided, 3-cell, 3-style. Berries are spherical, fleshy, about 5-8 mm in diameter and red. Flowers bloom in autumn.
Habitat distribution in Tacheng area of northern China is wild, most other areas are cultivated, and a few areas have become wild.
Character identification: several or dozens of tuberous roots are clustered or scattered alone. Long cylindrical or oblong cone, 10-25cm long, about 8mm in diameter, yellow-white or khaki on the surface, with irregular wrinkles in the longitudinal direction, slightly enlarged upper end, and a small number of residual stems at the base. The texture is flexible, the section is light brown and the stele is white. Slight gas, slightly sweet and slightly bitter taste. Microscopic identification of root cross section: the root cap has about 3 rows of cells, and the wall is slightly lignified and thickened. Mucous cells in cortex contain needle-like crystal bundles of calcium oxalate, and the inner cortex is obvious. There are 30-40 xylem bundles and phloem bundles in the stele, which are arranged alternately; The inner duct is large and polygonal, with a diameter of about 1 15μ m ... The pulp is a parenchyma cell. Physical and chemical identification TLC: Take a proper amount of sample coarse powder, add 25ml of 50% ethanol, heat and extract, evaporate the extract, add 65438±00ml of 50% ethanol to dissolve, and filter. Set the filtrate as 4ml test solution. In addition, asparagine, aspartic acid and arginine are used as reference substances, which are respectively spotted on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, developed with n-butanol-glacial acetic acid-water (8: 2: 2), sprayed with 0.2% ethanol solution of ninhydrin, and heated to develop color, so that the same color spots appear in the corresponding positions of the reference substance chromatogram.
pharmacological action
Stemona is generally believed to have diuretic effect (reducing renal tubular reabsorption). Intravenous injection of its extract or asparagine can cause blood pressure to drop, peripheral blood vessels to dilate, cardiac contraction to increase, heart rate to slow down and urine volume to increase. The antihypertensive effect of the extract is stronger and more lasting than that of asparagine. Some data show that it can improve liver function. Ethanol extract has antagonistic effect on electroconvulsive rats, but has no effect on convulsions caused by pentylenetetrazol and strychnine. Taking Stemona root can cause false positive urine glucose reaction.
1. Anti-tumor effect 1. 1 anti-tumor effect 1. 1 anti-tumor effect in vitro: the killing ability of asparagus juice on tumor cells was observed by clonal cell survival curve method. The cold asparagus juice with the concentration of 1%-30% has obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of tumor cell colonies in vitro of mouse lung adenocarcinoma (LA-795), human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (E), human cervical carcinoma (Hela) and human esophageal carcinoma (Eca 109). The survival rate of tumor cells is related to asparagus juice concentration and action time. The drug sensitivity of different cell lines is different. LA-795 cells are the most sensitive (D. = 1.3%), followed by E and Hela cells (D.2. 1% and 2.6%), while Eca 109 cells are less sensitive (D. =4.4%). Seti et al. used asparagus extract to test human cervical cancer JTC-26 cells in vitro and found that it could significantly inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Chen Liming and others studied the beverage made of asparagus curtain. The results showed that 40mg/ml had a certain inhibitory effect on gastric cancer, leukemia and liver cancer in vitro, but had no obvious effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Polysaccharide extracted from asparagus root by Lu et al. and sulfur-containing compound [sulfur -( 1, 2- dihydroxyethyl) L- cysteine] extracted from asparagus stem were synthesized. The killing rates of ascites hepatoma cells cultured in vitro were 65438 00.7%, 82.6% and 69.2%, respectively.
1. 1.2 Anti-cancer effect in vivo The inhibitory rates of aspartic glycosides C and D with spirostanol as ligands isolated from asparagus on breast cancer 755, pancreatic cancer and cervical cancer in mice were 20-44%. Sati confirmed that Asparagus extract has cytotoxic effect of killing cell activity through animal experiments on mouse P-388 leukemia cells.
Asparagus oral liquid and beverage have strong inhibitory effects on esophageal cancer Eca 109 cells, and the inhibitory rates of 0. 1ml beverage and oral liquid samples are 60.9% and 69.4% respectively. Mouse ig asparagus tip extract (1.79g/ml×0.5ml/ mouse), asparagus stem extract (1.90g/ml×0.5ml/ mouse), asparagus tip ethanol extract (2.34g/ml×0.5ml), 1 mouse. It has obvious anti-tumor effect on sc0.2ml (about 2-3× 10(-6) cells) (S 180 ascites sarcoma cells), and its tumor inhibition rates are 7 1.44%, 73.07% and 73.54% respectively (P < The asparagus mixed seedlings and callus were cultured in sterile test tubes and made into 100% homogenate. Before inoculation with S 180 solid tumor, ig mice were given 20g/kg twice a day for *** 18 days. The results showed that asparagus homogenate had a certain effect on delaying tumor growth. The tumor doubling time in the drug group was delayed by 6 days compared with the control group, and the tumor inhibition rate was 1.45. Mice ig0.8g/ day, asparagus extract 1.3g/ day can delay the growth of solid tumor in LA-739 mice. The tumor doubling time is delayed by about 4 days compared with the control group, and the tumor inhibition rate is 1.5. Using 125I-cGMP radioimmunoassay, asparagus tip extract (0.89g/ mouse), asparagus tip ethanol extract (0.8g/ mouse), physiological saline (0.5ml/ mouse), asparagus tip ethanol extract (0.89/mouse) and physiological saline (0.5ml/ mouse) were detected. /kloc-0 19.65±6.66 mmol/ml and 26.39 5.01mmol/ml. The results showed that both asparagus tip extract and asparagus tip ethanol extract could significantly reduce the plasma cGMP level of tumor-bearing mice, which may be one of the important reasons for its inhibition of S 180 sarcoma growth.
Taking the micronucleus and atrophy of colonic crypt epithelial cells in closed female Kunming mice caused by intestinal carcinogen unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (DMH) as an index, after 0 hours of administration of 1ml/ mouse, 0.5ml/ mouse and 0. 1 ig/ mouse, asparagus oral liquid was given 20mg/kg DMHip. The results showed that asparagus oral liquid could reduce the micronucleus rate and apoptosis rate of colonic crypt epithelial cells in a certain dose range.
Effect of 1.2 on tumor transplantation in immunosuppressed mice: After asparagus beverage was treated with 40mg/ml of human gastric cancer and liver cancer cells, only 10% and 20% cells were implanted under the skin of mice irradiated with 60CO, while the cancer formation rates of untreated gastric cancer cells and liver cancer cells were 80% and 90% respectively. There is a significant difference between them, which indicates that asparagus can inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer and liver cancer cells.
3. Effect on DNA and RNA synthesis of S 180 mouse sarcoma cells. S 180 mouse sarcoma cells were added with 3H-TdR and 3H-LIR, and the effects of asparagus extract on DNA and RNA biosynthesis of cancer cells were observed. It was found that different concentrations of asparagus tip extract (14 1.67mg/ml), asparagus stem extract (158.33mg/ml) and asparagus tip ethanol extract (195.00mg/ml) significantly inhibited DNA and RNA biosynthesis in cancer cells for 3 hours. The inhibition rates of 3H-RNA were 69.765438 0%, 82.65438 0.4% and 96.66% respectively. And the inhibitory effect increased with the increase of drug concentration.
2. Influence on immune function 2. 1 has influence on phagocytosis of macrophages. The phagocytic index of mouse sc asparagus injection 20g/kg and ig asparagus homogenate 40g/kg were 65438 0.264 0.237 and 0.478 0.003, respectively, while that of normal saline group (sc0.3M/ mouse) was 0.478 0.003.
2.2 Effect on Immune Organs of Normal Mice After feeding the mice with 325g/kg asparagus stem tips and 10ml asparagus juice, it was found that feeding asparagus had a great influence on the immune organs of 6-week-old mice. The thymus of asparagus group was16.9 0.4 mg/10g, while that of control group was14.7 0.9 mg/65438. It shows that feeding asparagus can slow down thymus degeneration, but the weight of spleen has not changed.
2.3. Effect on T lymphocyte transformation. Low concentration asparagus juice can regulate biological reaction and promote the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by mitogen. Combined with interleukin -2(IL-2), the curative effect of IL-2 can be doubled. 0. 1- 1.O% asparagus juice can improve the lymphocyte transformation function of C57 mice, normal people, especially tumor patients.
2.4 Effect on serum circulating immune complex (CIC) in the elderly. Asparagus 100g is taken on an empty stomach every morning and evening for 4 weeks. The results showed that asparagus could reduce the level of circulating immune complex in serum.
3. Effect on experimental hyperlipidemia in mice 3. 1 Preventive effect on experimental hyperlipidemia. High-fat diet significantly increased three blood lipids in mice. Feeding asparagus 10g and asparagus juice 5ml every day for 15 days, it was found that asparagus could inhibit the increase of blood lipid, and the inhibition in serum was 63%. TG 52.3%； B-LP was 73.9%, which was more effective than atropine. In addition, asparagus peel also inhibited the increase of serum TG and B-Lp, which decreased serum TG by 67.9% compared with the high-fat group, with significant difference. But it has no effect on lowering serum total cholesterol. The experiment also confirmed that the lipid-lowering effect of asparagus shoot tip was remarkable, especially the serum TC decreased the most, reaching 865438 0.3%, B-Lp decreased 65.65438 0%, and TG decreased 65438 0.7%, which also reached a significant degree. Feeding asparagus juice alone can reduce TC by 46.9%, and the effect is remarkable, but it has no effect on B-Lp. Asparagus stem tip and juice are fed at the same time, which has the best effect. Compared with the high-fat group, the three indexes of blood lipid decreased by TC49.7%, TG22.3% and B-Lp52. 1% respectively. At the same time of reducing blood lipid, the weight gain of mice slowed down, but the liver did not increase, and the liver TC decreased obviously. It shows that asparagus is a kind of health food with good blood lipid lowering effect and has preventive effect on hyperlipidemia.
3.2 Therapeutic effect on experimental hyperlipidemia After mice fed with high-fat diet reached the hyperlipidemia model of 15d, asparagus and fruit juice were fed with 15d. The results showed that the effect of feeding asparagus stem tips and juice on reducing serum total cholesterol was very significant. The increased TC, TG and B-Lp decreased by 55%, 37.6% and 37.2% respectively. Feeding only bamboo shoot juice can reduce serum TC, TG and B-Lp by 63.7%, 30.5% and 44.2% respectively. The treatment effect of feeding only bamboo shoot juice is better, which reduces serum TG by 29.8%, and the other two items also decrease in different degrees. At the same time, asparagus has a significant effect on reducing TG of liver fat, but it has no obvious effect on TC of liver. It shows that asparagus has therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia, with obvious lipid-lowering effect and no side effects.
4.4.65438 anti-aging effect +0 anti-fatigue effect. The results showed that the swimming time (65438±0.5g) of mice was 30.45 9.82 minutes and 26.65438 09.65438 0.58 minutes respectively. It shows that asparagus beverage has the functions of eliminating fatigue and strengthening physical strength.
4.2 Effects on Lipid Peroxide (LPO) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Kunming mice with asparagus tip of 325g/kg and asparagus juice 16 weeks old were gavaged, and their organs were taken to determine LPO and SOD. In the two age groups, the SOD activity in red blood cells and liver tissues of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the SOD activity in the 16-week-old group was lower than that in the 6-week-old group, indicating that the SOD activity decreased with age. In the aspect of LPO accumulation, the TBA reaction value of plasma LPO in 6-week-old mice was lower than that in the control group, but it was not significant. The LPO levels in heart, liver and kidney were significantly lower than those in control group. 16 week group also has the same trend. The results showed that feeding asparagus could reduce the accumulation of lipid peroxide and keep the activity of superoxide dismutase at a high level. It is suggested that asparagus may have anti-aging effect.
4.3 Hormone-like Action Most steroidal saponins in n-butanol extract of asparagus have no anti-androgen effect, but may have testosterone-like effect.
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