First, the artistic style of "frustration and frustration"
Secondly, several specific artistic features of Du Fu's poetic art..
Du Fu is a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, keeping pace with Li Bai, and even in the whole history of ancient literature, he can be listed as the greatest poet.
The content of his poetry creation is extremely rich, which widely reflects the social life at that time, and the artistry of his poetry has reached the peak of China's classical poetry. Today, we will talk about the artistic achievements of Du Fu's poems from the following aspects.
First, the artistic style of "frustration and frustration"
About Du Fu's artistic style, predecessors have always used the word "depressed and frustrated" to summarize. All kinds of images in Du Fu's poems are unified in the style of "depression and frustration".
Du Fu's poems are rich in content, diverse in style and colorful, and the dominant style is the "depression and frustration" of her husband and son. Depression and frustration include "meaning" and "law", that is, thoughts, feelings and expressions. "Depressed" refers to deep, heavy, depressed and restrained, mainly refers to the intensity and depth of feelings, focusing on "meaning" and "thinking". There are ups and downs, broken sentences and ups and downs, which mainly refer to the level and rhythm of emotional expression, focusing on "law" and "expression"
There is a close relationship between depression and frustration. Only when feelings are depressed can they be expressed without being exhausted; Only by expressing it in a roundabout way, as if it has endless meaning, will it become more and more profound and profound. "Frustration and frustration" has a deep sense of sadness and anger, which is latent in waves and age.
The turbulent social reality and long-term hardships in life gradually replaced his youthful ideals and ambitions with depression and sentimentality. He was worried about his country and people and lamented his life experience, which was even stronger in his later years. Du Fu, on the other hand, is a man with backbone and conscience. When the sadness and anger that he was suppressed in his chest came to his mouth, he often swallowed it, which made his feelings deeper and deeper. This emotional flow back and forth comes from poetry, which is the ups and downs of potential energy turning inward, giving people a sense of maturity. His poems, from Beijing to Fengxian, sing 500 words, wash military forces, read books, climb high, prosper in autumn and five historical sites, all of which are typical works. Or the scenery is affectionate, or the past serves the present, or you want to talk about it, and you are angry again and again, and your feelings are frustrated, which all highlight this style.
He often condenses his thoughts and feelings in autumn scenery. In the bleak autumn, he is permeated with the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people when he is hurt. Du Fu has been drifting on the Yangtze River for many years, with rivers, solitary boats, steep Gorges and successful guards ... all of which are almost integrated with the poet's life. His thoughts and feelings also found sustenance in these images. Turbulent rivers, steep canyons, lonely moonlight and sad corners are all reflections of the poet's mood. His "Climbing the Peak" is an excellent lyric poem. It's a seven-character poem, and it says:
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Long-distance visitors in the autumn of Wanli, with my hundred years of sadness, climbed this height alone. After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
Autumn and the great river are the most imaginative and associative images in Du Fu's poems. The high winds, high skies, ape cries, bird songs, fallen flowers and the Yangtze River written in the poem are full of the poet's grief and indignation over the country and life experiences. The third and fourth sentences of this poem, "Leaves fall like the waves of a waterfall, and I watch the long river always roll forward" are two famous poems. The vigorous images and ups and downs in the poem show the poet's anxiety and anger, and also reflect the atmosphere of that war-torn era.
Eight poems about autumn and prosperity are also dominated by the images of autumn and the great river, which have become the most artistic group in Du Fu's lyric poems. Its greatest characteristics are: connecting Qin and Shu with overwhelming autumn colors, showing the idea of peaceful coexistence in the old country; With endless memories, the past and the present are linked together, showing the feeling of remembering the past. This group of poems can well represent Du Fu's depressed and frustrated style. The above is how Du Fu uses his personalized artistic image to express his unique style of depression and frustration.
Second, several specific artistic features of Du Fu's poetic art ..
First, Du Fu is good at making a high artistic summary of real life.
This generalization sometimes selects things with typical significance, and through objective description, it condenses complex social phenomena into one or two poems, thus revealing its essence. For example, "From Beijing to Fengxian, 500 Words of Love Story" concentrates sharp class contradictions in the ten words "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and people freeze to death on the road", which is shocking. Another example is "Bai Di": "It is better to return a horse and a military horse. There are hundreds of thousands today." Expressing the evil of Sichuan warlords' melee is also a complex social phenomenon summarized in two poems. There is also like "Year after year": "Heaven and earth bleed every day, who is Qing?" It also summarizes the political situation after the An Shi Rebellion.
Du Fu's generalization is sometimes a general introduction to some events through dialogues between characters. For example, the poem "Military Vehicle Shop", through the words of a pedestrian, widely introduces the heavy military service, the hardship of war, and the people's opposition to opening the border. The Stone Trencher introduces the experience of this family through the words of the old lady, and also summarizes thousands of families in Qian Qian. The realism of Du Fu's poems does not lie in portraying typical characters. Although he also wrote many people, these people did not appear as typical individuals. The characteristic of his realism is to select typical events from real life and describe them in a highly generalized way, thus revealing the essence of real life.
Second, the magnificent artistic realm and meticulous expression.
The artistic realm is magnificent, but the expression technique is nuanced. Du Fu's poetic realm is magnificent because of his patriotism, profound knowledge and rich life experience. And this magnificent realm is often achieved by depicting the specific and detailed scenery in front of you and expressing the subtle fluctuations in your heart. He has a poem called "Wang Zai Painting Landscape Songs", which contains two sentences: "Traveling to Moby in ancient times and talking about Wan Li recently." Du Fu praised Wang Zai's landscape paintings, saying that his paintings were "close to Wan Li". Du Fu's poems also tend to be "away from Wan Li". Li Bai and Du Fu, their artistic realm is magnificent, but the ways to reach such a magnificent realm are different. Li Bai achieved it with lightning speed and drastic measures, while Du Fu achieved it in a considerate way, that is, seeing the big from the small and seeking the near from the far.
If Li Bai's poems are like a storm, moving readers with extraordinary momentum, then Du Fu's poems are like a gentle breeze and drizzle, moistening things silently and unconsciously going deep into readers' hearts. Li Bai's poems are magical, and Du Fu's poems are very close. For example, he also wrote about the An Shi Rebellion, and Li Bai's writing started from scratch. In the first 19 poem "Antique", he first wrote that he ascended to heaven with the gods and looked down at the world from above, and then a few words reflected the political situation after the Anshi Rebellion. Li Bai wrote: "Looking down on Luoyang River, we can walk among the soldiers. Blood grass, jackal crown. " Li Bai looked down on Luoyang and Sichuan from the sky, and Anshi's army was everywhere. Many ordinary people died in this war, but those wolves became high officials. "Blood grass, wolves are exhausted" is a bold way of writing. Du Fu wrote in detail about all aspects of the war, such as three officials and three parting, which reflected the profound disasters brought by the war to the country and people from different angles and sides. Du Fu's An Shi Rebellion Army is: "After Hu Gui's return, he still drinks the city after a quiet rest." Through a bloody arrow, it vividly reflects the deep disaster of the people of that country. The Return of the Blood Arrow is like a close-up of a focal plane, which reflects in detail the disaster brought by this war to the country and people. It can be seen that Du Fu is good at observing the nuances of things. Another example is his "Wang Yue", which is a five-character poem he wrote when he was young. "Yue" refers to Mount Tai, the mountain in the east.
This poem is written like this:
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen. The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north. Layers of white clouds, cleaning the gully on the chest; The flat bird flew into the eye socket. Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
"Daizong" refers to Mount Tai in Dongyue, saying that Mount Tai has a vast territory and the blue color of Mount Tai has always existed in Qilu. "How magnificent Mount Tai is! ? It is vast and spans the highlands of Qi and Lu. " It is the vast writing style of Mount Tai. "The creator has endowed all the mysterious nature here with elegance. What else? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " Yin is the north of the mountain and Yang is the south of the mountain. The light in the north of the mountain is different from that in the south of the mountain, so it is faint here and bright there. I wrote these two sentences because Mount Tai is high and steep, so it is different from "faint" and "dawn". "Zeng Yun was born with his chest swinging, and birds flew back and forth in front of my nervous eyes." Refers to the clouds in the distance, and the clouds on the mountainside roll their hearts, which can't help but stir. Watching the returning birds fly into the distance, the figure of the birds is getting smaller and smaller. Looking at it with wide eyes, my eyes will crack. "Once you climb to the top of the mountain and peek, you will see that other mountains look short under the sky ..." He said that he would climb to the top of Mount Tai and look down from above, because Mount Tai is very high and other mountains are small for a long time, so he called it "other mountains look short under the sky." .
This poem is about seeing Mount Tai. In just eight poems, four different views of Mount Tai are written through different distances and different angles.
The first two sentences are hyperopia, the third and fourth sentences are myopia, the fifth and sixth sentences are myopia, and the seventh and eighth sentences are to imagine that you want to climb a mountain and see far away. In eight poems, I wrote four different kinds of fortune-telling, which shows that Du Fu's writing style is very meticulous. Let's take a look at his other poem "Qiangzhai". There are three poems in Qiang village. Let's look at his first poem. This poem was written by Du Fu after he returned to Zhangzhou from Fengxiang. The poem says:
The sky is red and the clouds are west, and the ground is flat at the foot of the sun. Chai Men's birds are noisy, and thousands of miles away. My wife blames me, and I'm still crying. The chaos of the world is drifting, and it is accidental to survive! Neighbors are all over the wall, sighing. Midnight is more like a candle, relatively dreamy.
"Returning home" is what Du Fu refers to himself. "My wife blames me for being here, and I was still crying when I was surprised." My wife and children are surprised that I can come back alive. After I was surprised, I recalled this separated life, felt very sad and shed tears. The word "midnight" means late at night, and "gèng" means again. They have fallen asleep, but they can't sleep. They stood up again, lit candles and looked at each other. Is this true or a dream?
"Midnight is more like lighting a candle, relatively more like a dream." Du Fu didn't believe that he could come back alive to reunite with his family, nor did his wife and children, so the excitement of meeting for the first time was over. Everyone fell asleep, but they couldn't sleep. They got up again, lit candles and looked at each other as if they were dreaming. This poem begins with happiness-the joy of going home. "Chai Men's birds are noisy, and it's a thousand miles away." In the evening, at dusk, Du Fu returned to his home. Birds chirped as if to welcome him back. Then write Jing-"My wife blames me for being here, and I am still crying." I was very happy when I first entered the house. It was a feeling of surprise when I saw my family. On the one hand, the family is very strange. I didn't expect Du Fu to come back alive. On the other hand, Du Fu didn't expect to be reunited with his family, and the family was so peaceful, so he wrote a happy story and then a surprise. After writing a shock, I wrote a sadness-"I was still crying when I was shocked." After writing sadness, I wrote doubt, but I suspect that this is a dream-"more dreamy." After a big war, Du Fu suffered a lot outside and suddenly returned home, first happy, then surprised, then sad, and finally suspicious. Du Fu grasped every ups and downs of his mood and wrote with great care, which can be said to be superb.
Du Fu is not only meticulous, but also able to reach a magnificent realm through meticulous description, which is where Du Fu surpasses ordinary realistic poets.
Some of Du Fu's poems are gradually derived from the description of trivial matters around them to the description of major issues of the national economy and people's livelihood. For example, the thatched cottage was broken by the autumn wind and Wu Lang again are all like this. The song "Cottage Blown by Autumn Wind" was written from the thatched cottage that I lived in and was blown by autumn wind, and then it was written for the poor people in the world. Wu Lang was reminded of the situation of the country at that time through an old lady. Many of Du Fu's poems are interspersed with important social and political contents and side analysis of life, and these details are used to express important themes. For example, his five-character poem "Spring Hope":
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
The words "where petals flow like tears, lonely birds sing their sorrows" are anthropomorphic. I sigh at the present situation, and I weep at the flowers. I feel that the flowers are also crying and leaving disappointed. I feel that the bird is also heartbroken. "After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold", and a letter from home can be worth thousands of dollars, which is very rare. It really reflects the feeling of getting a letter from home after a long separation with my family. "I stroked my white hair. It has grown too thin to hold the hairpin anymore "means that you are old, and your hair is not only white, but also less and less." The first two sentences of this poem, "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers will last forever, and the vegetation will turn green in spring", focus on the overall situation and write tragically.
The angle between the third sentence and the fourth sentence has been changed. I started small, decorated the occupied capital with tears and frightened birds, and at the same time set off the depth of my injury. In this way, major social and political contents and small aspects of life are interspersed and written, and these details also show major themes. Another example is Du Fu's famous poem "The Northern Expedition". It is the country and the family, and then the country and the country, first write about state affairs, then write about their own families, then write about state affairs, and reflect the changes of the whole country with their own families. When writing about family, they focus on children's clothes. When discussing state affairs, they suddenly cut in a detailed description of their clothes. This paragraph is written. "I have been a child all my life, and the color is as white as snow." Paleness is morbid, which is caused by not having enough to eat. "Seeing my back crying, my feet are dirty, not socks." When the child saw his father come back, he turned around and cried. At this time, Du Fu saw that the child's feet were so dirty that he didn't even have a pair of socks. Why do you cry on my back? It's because my children haven't seen me for a long time, and they are not familiar with me. They have always been ashamed that I am a stranger. Why is it "dirty feet and tired socks"? It is because my family is poor that I can't afford socks! "The two little girls in front of the bed are knee-high when they make up." The two daughters are growing fast and there are no new clothes for them to wear. They are still wearing old clothes. It doesn't fit, it's small and short, but it just covers the knees. "The chart breaks the waves, and the old embroidery moves twists and turns. Tianwu and Zifeng hang upside down in short brown. "
My wife used to make clothes and patches for children with some patterned silk fabrics, so the patterns on those silk fabrics turned over and over, and she couldn't catch up at all. These words are about his son and daughter, which he saw when he first got home. He went on to say that he brought some money back this time, so his family life was improved. "Thin wife face light, stupid woman comb. Learn from your mother and put on your makeup. Lead is applied when moving, and the eyebrows are wide. " At this time, his thin wife's face gradually improved, and his daughter combed her hair, put on rouge, painted her eyebrows and dressed up like her mother. Silly woman combs her hair with a comb. "Silly girl" is the silly girl and silly girl in our current words, and it is a nickname for my beloved daughter. "Learn from your mother", learn from her mother's appearance, and follow suit when you see her dress. But she can't dress up, so she just wipes, paints rouge, powders and draws eyebrows when she gets up in the morning. Du Fu felt ridiculous and lovely when he saw his little daughter like this. This paragraph is inserted in the discussion of state affairs, and the details of children's clothes reflect the disaster brought to the people by the war, which is even more painful to go abroad. Therefore, Du Fu's poems harmoniously unify various opposing aesthetic categories, such as size, distance, reality and so on, which is the secret of Du Fu's poetic art .. As "Poetry" says: "In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, it was beautiful and vigorous, while in Du Fu's time, it was refined, subtle, skillful, fresh, dangerous, shallow, thick, thin and inexhaustible."
Thirdly, the language art of Du Fu's poems. Du Fu's poems have made outstanding achievements in language art.. His language has gone through many trials and tribulations. In his own words, it is not surprising that he is worried about good sentences for human nature. He likes good sentences, so his language must get that amazing effect. If he can't achieve this effect, he will continue to revise it repeatedly until he dies. He added: "New poems should be changed to long poems. Why bother to learn to recite?" "Yin" is Yin Keng, "He" is He Xun, two poets in the Southern Dynasties. Du Fu's poems are always being revised, and he will continue to recite them after revision, and continue to revise them in the process of reciting. He also said that writing poetry should be "without regrets". "unscathed" means to describe a very delicate place, a very delicate place. Even if it's like a hair, you can't leave any regrets. Be very satisfied with yourself. "Words don't amaze and die endlessly", "new poems are repeated" and "no regrets at all", all of which can explain his efforts in language. Du Fu's language is different from Li Bai's simplicity and naturalness, but vigorous and concise. The so-called vigor means being old and energetic. He once praised Zheng's "admonition poem" and said: "The waves are old alone." He also said that Xue Hua's "self-styled songs are all old songs". It can be seen that Du Fu believes that poetry should be mature. His own language is like Hong Zhong's deep voice.
Conciseness means that he can express the richest content with the least words and achieve a high degree of generalization. Powerful and concise is the main feature of Du Fu's poems. Let's explain this problem from two aspects: hammering words and refining sentences. Let's start with the hammer. Du Fu's words are accurate and powerful, so that every word contains heavy weight and profound meaning. He is good at using real words, such as "the breeze swallows the oblique" and the word "oblique" is well used. "Shi Lin Shi Hua" said: "The face is light and weak, the strong wind can't win, and the breeze is the dominant force, so there is also the language of' light face and oblique wind'." Another example is Du Fu's two sentences in One Night in a Foreign Country: "The stars fall from the clearing, and the moon flows up the river." The words "vertical" and "vertical" here are also very useful. The stars in the sky hung down, only to find the vastness of vilen. The distant sky is connected with the earth, the distant stars hang down and are connected with the earth, and the ship comes to the vast Ye Ping. The word "and the moon runs on the river" also carries a lot of weight. You can't see the flow of the river at night, but you can feel the flow of the river from the surging moon shadow in the river. In addition, the content words in these poems carry a lot of weight, such as "My hair stands on end and I can't stop crying" in "Homeless" and "I'm lying alone in a town by the river. I watched my candle go out in Su Fu, the ape whimpered in Wide Sky and the birds flew home on the clear lake and white beach, in Up the Mountain and Peng ADB, an spoony woman bit me with hunger and cried for fear of tigers and wolves.
Take two sentences in Peng ADB as an example. "An idiot bit me when he was hungry", "Hungry" and "Bite" are all verbs. Crow and fear the smell of tigers and wolves, crow, fear and smell are also verbs. There are ten words in two poems, and Du Fu used five verbs in succession, which is very useful. Say refined sentences first. Du Fu's poems are old and vigorous, concise and calm. For example, there are two lines in the poem "Empty Capsule": "It is cold in the morning without a well, and it is cold in the night without a bed." Du Fu said in "Car Wash Horse": "In three years, in Guan Shanyue, every grass and tree was in front of soldiers from all countries." Du Fu said in the first song of "Relieve boredom": "The grass pavilion and firewood fly away, and the waves cross the river and the black rain begins to fly." These sentences are quite different from the simple and lively style of Li Bai's poems. It can be said that Li Bai's two poems may be merged into one in Du Fu's hand, and Du Fu's poem may be split into two lines in Li Bai's hand. Some poems are like "The sky is crisp", "How does the Yellow River water fall from the sky" and "Is there frost at the foot of my bed with such bright light?" In Li Bai's poems, "And the autumn wind blows my heart, and I will be prosperous forever" simply expresses a meaning or two sentences together. Such poems are rare in Du Fu's poems, and Du Li's language is also different. However, Du Fu's pursuit of conciseness in several poems in his later years is sometimes puzzling. An example is often quoted, "fragrant rice pecks at parrots, and green phoenix perches on old branches." Sentences like this are too concise to understand, so these places are not worth imitating.
Fourthly, Du Fu's poems are all integrated.
Judging from the poetic genre, Du Fu is a poet with diverse styles. He can freely use five words, seven words, ancient prose, metrical poems and quatrains, especially ancient prose and metrical style. Du Fu writes very well. There are more than 500 ancient poems, including 36 ancient poems1and 45 ancient poems1. He often uses this genre to integrate narrative, lyric and discussion. For example, from Beijing to Fengxian, the northern expedition, three officials and three parting, washing horses and washing horses are all the same. The Stone Trencher tells a complete story, written in the order from dusk to dawn. Although it is only a narrative, the poet's indignation is self-evident. It is a masterpiece of Du Fu's classical poetry. There are about 700 poems written by Du Fu, including more than 600 five-rhythm poems and more than seven-rhythm poems 100. For example, Moonlit Night and Autumn Prosperity are all masterpieces. Du Fu's contribution to the Seven Laws is particularly outstanding. At the beginning of the new century, the Five Laws flourished in an all-round way, but the Seven Laws did not attract enough attention from poets. There are 23 1 poems in Heroes Crossing the River, among which there is only one seven-melody poem, namely "Yellow Crane Tower" by Cui Hao. It can be seen that the Seven Laws did not attract enough attention from poets at the beginning of Heaven. Du Fu can be said to be the first master to write seven laws, and the number of seven laws he wrote exceeded the sum of the seven laws written by poets in the early Tang Dynasty. In terms of ideological content, most of Du Fu's previous seven laws are works of praise or entertainment. Du Fu not only used seven laws to describe natural scenery, or used them to reply and sing, but also used them to express political content, lament current events, criticize politics and express his thoughts of worrying about the country and the people. In art, Du Fu's previous Seven Laws were just beautiful and elegant, while Du Fu created a tragic and generous style, which pushed the creation of the Seven Laws to a climax.
Du Fu's Style and Personality
Guo Zhiwei, Grade One 12.
In 767 AD, 56-year-old Du was in the "wandering southwest" period of his life, not far from the end of his life. This year, he fled to Kuizhou. With the help of Bai Maolin, the magistrate, Du Fu lived a relatively stable life and gained another bumper period of life creation. For example, the famous eight poems of autumn prosperity, strong tour and past tour were all written during this period, but it was also in this year that I couldn't help writing this famous "Ascending the Mountain" from the perspective of scenery and feelings.
Ascending the Mountain embodies the characteristics of Du Fu's poetic style, with concise language and precise words, which is the product of the combination of vast ideological content and highly perfect artistic form. Let's appreciate the subtlety of this poem.
Autumn scenery, who wrote four lines in the poem, filled with infinite sadness. As you can imagine, Lao Du was standing on a high mountain, and the wind roared in his ear, mixed with the "wailing" of apes. In front of him is the endless Yangtze River. How can his heart surge? The ape seems to be mourning the hardships and misfortunes of his life, and the Yangtze River has taken away more than his "gone forever" youth. The ambition of "making customs pure again", none of the four poems writes sad words, describing the scenery with sadness and sighing with emotion. As far as language art is concerned, poets are full of decoration, fluent in one breath, concise and accurate in language, and strong in generality, giving people a huge landscape of sad autumn with few images. This is also the same feature of Du Fu's poems. Here, I might as well say a few more words through the topic, such as "The stars are leaning down from the clearing and the moon is running from the river" in One Night in a Foreign Country, and the width of the night cage is written with a word "vertical" and a word "surge", which seems to be general and profound, and another example is "A fish comes out in a drizzle and a swallow inclines in a breeze" and "out".
The last four sentences of the poem are inferiority complex, and they will run aground all their lives. Among them, "I came from three thousand miles away. Sad this autumn, a hundred years of sorrow, I climbed this high alone "is even more exquisite." Fourteen characters include foreign guests, Wan Li guests, long-term guests and poor guests; Climbing in late autumn, climbing alone, climbing in illness, climbing in old age and so on all have many layers of sad meanings, which are rich, concise and profound. At the end of the couplet, "it's a disaster, a blessing and a disaster." Heartache and exhaustion are a thick layer of dust in my wine, "which is even worse. At that time, Du Fu gave up drinking because of illness, so his cloud "stopped the turbid glass". It can be seen that Du Fu at this time was an orphan with poverty and illness, an old man who was "bitter and bitter" and "down and out". Although he has a tendency to be extravagant, his children and grandchildren are not enjoying their old age at home, but like a fallen leaf, he sees loneliness floating in the world. At this time, Du Fu's political ideal has been shattered, and there is no need to look at his lofty sentiments and fantasize about the future. Here, we can't help but compare the ending of "Climbing the Mountain" with another song called "Looking at Yue". Du Fu was in his youth at this time. Influenced by the ethos of the times, Du Fu is full of hopes and longings. He looked at the majestic weather of Mount Tai, which showed his desire to reach the top. I think, early in the morning and late at night, a sigh and a sigh are very different in literal effect and artistic conception.
By describing boundless autumn colors and the poet's lonely image, this poem expresses the poet Wan Li's complex feelings of sorrowful autumn, and shows the poet's broad mind and deep hidden worries. For the evaluation of the whole poem, Hu Youyou and Lin in Ming Dynasty lobbied: "This should be the first among the seven-character poems in ancient and modern times, not necessarily the first among the lawyers in Tang Dynasty." .
Poetry is like a person. In his poems, Du Fu is a great realistic poet in the history of China literature. His poems are not only rich in social content, distinctive color of the times and strong political connotation, but also full of lofty spirit of loving the motherland and people. Many of his poems have a great influence on later generations. Here are a few examples. Du Fu wrote in "Feng Chan" that "the bow should be used vigorously and the arrow should be used for a long time. Flatter the horse first, catch the thief first. " This poem, which is close to proverbs, makes people easy to understand and teaches people profound connotation philosophy at the same time. The couplet "Die first, then stand, make the hero burst into tears" in Shuxiang has inspired people with lofty ideals since ancient times. "Zhumen wine stinks and freezes bones" reveals the essence of class lime in a very general way. Shocking, even more "I didn't see you." Qinghai's head is full of forgotten old bones. The new ghost wails there, and the old one is loudest in the stormy dark sky! "Deeply exposed the disaster brought by the war to the people.
Du Fu was a man of feudal society in China, so we have to think about the influence of Confucianism on Du Fu. Although Du Fu was influenced by Confucianism, he also criticized the negative aspects of Confucianism based on his personal life experience. For example, Confucianism said, "If you are not in office, you will not seek politics." Du Fu wants to seek politics, whether you are in office or not. Confucianism said, "If you are poor, you will be immune to it, and if you are up to it, you will help the world." Du Fu, however poor, wanted to do a good job in the world. Although "all countries are tired" and "all places are tired", he is "not tired"
Approaching Du Fu
Frankly speaking, students nowadays are a little fond of affairs and endless daydreams, especially our group of girls who are born with some sentimentality. Therefore, appreciating poetry is often biased towards romantic poetry, so Li Bai has become the favorite of most students. Personally, I have always appreciated the magnificent romance of Li Bai's poems. I have to mention another star in the field of poetry-Du Fu, a poet saint who pays attention to realistic creation. Many people don't like him very much, and think that his poems are too plain, without Li Bai's "earth-shattering" heroism. I used to think so, but this summer I read Selected Poems of Du Fu recommended by my teacher and began to get to know him again.