1. Site selection and preparation
Strawberry is a crop with very shallow roots, with a rooting depth of 20 cm. It requires soil to retain water and fertilizer, have high organic matter content, and have good water and air permeability. Sandy soil. In addition, strawberries are more suitable for slightly acidic soil environment with a pH range between 5.5-6.0. Strawberries require a large amount of fertilizer. Before planting, you need to apply enough base fertilizer. You can apply 4,000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and then apply 50 kilograms of slow-release three-component compound fertilizer with low nitrogen, medium phosphorus, and high potassium. Plowing is done after fertilization. . The best plowing depth is between 15 and 20 cm. After plowing, the columbine should be leveled. Make a high border in the north-south direction. The bottom width of the border should be 50-60 cm and the top width should be 40-50 cm. This can maintain the ground temperature. The height of the border should be between 30-35 cm. The space is more suitable. In addition, the border surface should be patted firmly to prevent the border surface from collapsing.
2. Seedling planting
You can purchase strawberry seedlings directly. Generally, the standard for seedling planting is that the seedlings are about 15 centimeters tall, free from pests and diseases, with well-developed root systems and many thick fibrous roots. Before planting, remove some old leaves, leaving only 2 to 3 new leaves. Before planting strawberries, disinfection and sterilization must be done to ensure that sterile seedlings are planted. Also use 5~10㎎/㎏ sodium naphthalene acetate or sodium naphthalene acetate solution to dip the roots for 2~6 hours, which has a significant effect on promoting rooting and can effectively improve the planting survival rate. The planting time is from early August to mid-August. Strawberries generally use the planting method of one border and two rows. The spacing between strawberries is 15-20cm and the row spacing is 20-25cm. When planting, first determine the location according to the spacing between plants and rows, and then dig 5-7cm. Planting pit, put the seedlings into the planting pit, then fill* and compact. After the planting is completed, the planting water should be poured once. The amount of watering this time should be slightly larger, and it should be watered thoroughly. This will help to slow down the seedlings as soon as possible.
3. Insulation in sheds
After more than 20 days of cultivation, new leaves will grow on the seedlings. From then on, the plants will enter the rapid growth stage. When the temperature is lower than 20℃~25℃, the shed should be closed for insulation. After the greenhouse is covered with film, in order to prevent the strawberry plants from entering dormancy and dwarfing, the daytime temperature can be kept at around 26°C, and the nighttime temperature can be maintained at 10°C to 12°C, but not higher than 30°C or lower than 8°C. If the temperature inside the shed at night cannot meet this requirement, some other measures must be taken, such as covering it with thatch. If the temperature still cannot reach the required temperature after covering it with thatch, a small shed must be built on the border. If the internal temperature exceeds 30°C, the air vents must be opened in time for ventilation and cooling.
4. Water and fertilizer management
Strawberries require a large amount of water and need to be watered in time. Under normal management conditions, watering is generally done every 5 to 8 days. Drip irrigation takes about 3 hours. Fertilization management must also be done well. About 30 days after planting, in order to promote the rapid growth of new leaves, top-dressing leaf-stimulating fertilizer can be combined with watering, and 20 kilograms of balanced ternary compound fertilizer can be applied per mu. About 90 days after planting, some small flower buds will appear on the plants. In order to ensure the amount of flowers, we should perform a second top dressing at this time. The fertilizer should be the same as the first time.
5. Management during the flowering and fruiting period
When strawberries enter the flowering period, the maximum temperature in the shed should be maintained at 25-27 degrees through ventilation at any time. In order to prevent a single plant from having too many lateral flower branches and flower buds, which will cause premature aging due to excessive business consumption, you can start from the flower bud stage and keep 2-3 lateral flower branches per plant and 3-5 fruits per flower branch. The standard for keeping 5-14 fruits per plant is to remove remaining branches and fruits in a timely manner, and strengthen pest control and weeding.
6. Timely harvesting
Generally speaking, the color of the fruit turns red 30 days after flowering and about 120 days after planting, and is harvested when it reaches 8 to 9 years of maturity. The harvesting time of strawberries should be away from the high temperature stage to avoid the fruit becoming soft and bruised, causing rot. The best harvesting time is to avoid dew before 11 am or after 3 pm.
The above is an introduction to the methods of growing strawberries. If strawberries are grown in the open field, they are usually grown in greenhouses, which can ensure the temperature required for strawberry growth. Generally, greenhouse strawberries are mainly supplied to the New Year’s Day and Spring Festival markets, and the prices are high. , the economic benefits are considerable, and it is the time period that many people choose to plant.