There are roughly 15 species in Jin Siyan, and the swallows that can make "bird's nest" are biologically classified into: Animal kingdom, Vertebrate phylum, Vertebrate subphylum, Bird class, Swift order, Swift family, Swiftlet genus, and the species are: Jin Siyan with brown waist, Jin Siyan with gray waist, Jin Siyan with Java, Jin Siyan with square tail, Jin Siyan with short mouth, Jin Siyan with white waist and Jin Siyan with small white waist. Adult Jin Siyan's average body thickness (including hair) is about 4cm, its length is about 1cm, its wings are about 22cm, and its weight is about 2g. Its feet are short and soft, and its four toes are facing forward, so it can't be grasped. Unlike ordinary birds, which can perch on electric wires or walk on the ground with three toes facing forward, Jin Siyan can only be hooked on a vertical wall or rock wall with four toes. Jin Siyan has a good sense of location for echo, and can fly freely in the dark environment and find the original habitat. Adult Jin Siyan spawns three times a year, and April, August and December are the peak periods of spawning in Jin Siyan. Each time, two white eggs are laid, which are about 2.cm long, 1.2cm wide and weigh about 3.5g g. Nesting begins about 3 days before each spawning, and it takes about 3 days for male and female swallows to build a nest together, and the incubation period of eggs is about 2 days. After the golden swallows hatch, the male and female Jin Siyan will feed together, about 4 days.
species name: Jin Siyan with short beak
Photo by Karen Phillip PS.351 281 32559
species characteristics
slightly smaller (14cm) near black Jin Siyan. The wings are long and blunt, and the tail is slightly forked. The waist color varies from light brown to grayish, and the lower body is light brown with slightly darker longitudinal stripes. The legs are slightly feathered.
The waist color of the subspecies innominata is grayer than that of the named subspecies. The subspecies inopina is the heaviest. The subspecies rogersi is slightly smaller than the named subspecies, and the waist color is only slightly darker than the back, the lower body is white, and the legs have no feathers. Iris-color depth; Mouth-black; Feet-black.
cry: chit chit makes a low-pitched click, like a needle pulling across the comb.
Distribution range
Himalayas to central China, Southeast Asia and western Java.
Distribution
Named subspecies are found in southeastern Tibet; Innominata breeds in central China and overwinters in Thailand; Inopina breeds in eastern Yunnan, Sichuan and Central China. The subspecies rogersi is a rare resident bird only found in Yongde, southwest Yunnan, which is connected with inopia and innominata (see Zheng Zuoxin, 1987; 1994）。 Habit: Fly quickly in groups over the open Gao Shanfeng Ridge. The nest is located in the crack of the rock cliff, and the nest is made of moss and is inedible.
note: some authors regard Indochina Jin Siyan C. Rogersi and [China] Jin Siyan C. innominata as independent species. The [Jin Siyan] C. maxima maxima listed by M. de Shauensee(1984) is in fact the wrong specimen of this species. This led to some confusion in the literature (see Yan et al., 1996).
species name: Gorbachev Jin Siyan
species characteristics
description: slender (12 cm) dark Jin Siyan. The tail is slightly forked. The upper body is dark brown, the waist is gray and pale, and the tail is dark. The lower body is grayish brown with light-colored transverse spots on the abdomen. Iris-dark brown; Mouth-black; Feet-fuchsia.
call: a high-pitched tscheerrr sound, which is often called near the breeding ground.
Distribution
zhina, Malaysia and North Borneo.
distribution
the population is sparse. Named subspecies breed in Dazhou Island in the southeast of Hainan Island, and there are at most 2 nests in three caves. It may also be more common on some islands in the South China Sea of China.
Habit
Breeding Yu Haibin cliff cracks. Bird's nest made of light yellow transparent saliva was collected to make soup. This swallow can locate by sound waves.
species name: Jin Siyan, Java
Jin Siyan, Java is distributed in southwest China, Thailand, Malay Peninsula and Indochina Peninsula, with a total length of about 12mm. The upper body is dark brown; The top of the head, wings and tail feathers are darker; The belt spot is light; The lower body is grayish brown, and the feather shaft is slightly dark brown. Jin Siyan in Java, a continent island in our province, can produce edible bird's nest, and the number is not much.
note: some authors classify this species as C.fuciphaga, Jin Siyan, Java (see Zheng Zuoxin, 1987). This species can be classified as Aerodramus.
Author: Ma Jingneng, Phillips, He Fenqi 2 China Bird Field Manual, Hunan Education Press.