Osmanthus fragrans, also known as Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans, is an evergreen shrub or tree of Oleaceae, and its height can reach 10 meter. The crown is spherical. The trunk is rough and gray. The leaves are leathery, opposite, oval or oblong, and the edges of young leaves are serrated. Flowers are clustered, with 3-5 flowers in the axils of leaves, mostly in the spring shoots of that year, and there are also flowers on the biennial branches. The corolla splits into milky white, yellow, orange red and other colors, and the aroma is very rich. There are many varieties of osmanthus fragrans, among which Jingui, Yin Gui, Dangui and Sijigui are common. The fruit is purple-black drupe, commonly known as cinnamon. Osmanthus fragrans is native to southwest and central China, and now it is widely planted in the Yangtze River basin and southern regions. Like warm and humid climate, it belongs to temperate tree species, which is resistant to high temperature but not cold. Osmanthus fragrans leaves are lush and evergreen, and the trees are long in age. They bloom in autumn and are full of fragrance. It is a unique ornamental flower and aromatic tree species in China. Xianning, Hubei Province is the hometown of osmanthus fragrans. Chengdu, Hangzhou and Guilin are also Tan Guilin, which are spectacular. Cinnamon wood is delicate and tough, and has a wide range of uses. Osmanthus fragrans is pungent and non-toxic, and has the effects of resolving phlegm and relieving cough, promoting fluid production and stopping toothache. Picking fresh osmanthus can make Osmanthus Jelly, sweet osmanthus candy and sweet osmanthus wine.

morphological character

Osmanthus fragrans is an evergreen broad-leaved tree with a tree height of15m and a crown covering 400 square meters. Osmanthus fragrans seedlings have obvious taproots, developed and deep roots. Young roots are yellow-brown, and old roots are yellow-brown. The root system of grafted seedlings varies with rootstock; When cuttings are buried in the soil, adventitious roots grow everywhere, but there is no obvious main root. Hanging flowers have strong branching and low technical points, especially in the early stage, and often appear shrub-like for a long time. After close planting or pruning, it can become an obvious trunk. Bark is rough, grayish brown or grayish white, sometimes showing lenticels. The leaf surface is smooth, leathery, dark and bright green near the axis, and the far axis surface is more talked about; Oval, oblong, oval, obovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, oblanceolate to ovate-lanceolate.

Origin and habit

It is native to southwest China, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hubei and other provinces, and also distributed in India, Nepal and Cambodia. For evergreen shrubs or small trees. I like light, but I need some shade at the seedling stage. Like warm and ventilated environment, not cold-resistant. Suitable for acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, good drainage and rich humus, avoid alkaline soil and stagnant water. Usually, it can bloom twice in a row, with an interval of about 15 days. Flowering: September -65438+ 10.

Propagation and cultivation

Seeding, layering, grafting and cutting propagation. When 65438+ 10 is sown in autumn in the same year or in spring in the next year, the initial flowering period of seedlings is late, so it is difficult to maintain the original characteristics of varieties. Layered propagation is used to propagate improved varieties. Grafting propagation is a common method. Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, small wax, water wax, tassel and ash tree are used as rootstocks for grafting or cutting. Cutting propagation is mostly carried out from mid-June to late August. Transplanting is often carried out after flowering in autumn or spring, and it can also be transplanted in rainy season. Large seedlings need soil balls, and more base fertilizer should be applied to planting holes. Potted osmanthus can be placed in the courtyard sunshine in summer without shading, and it can be safely wintered indoors in winter. Pests and diseases include Fusarium wilt, dead branch disease, Osmanthus fragrans, citrus whitefly, grasshopper and so on.

Guihua legend

Legend has it that in ancient times, at the foot of Liangying Mountain, there lived a widow who sold mountain wine. She is generous and kind, and her wine is mellow and delicious. People respected her and called her Brewmaster. One winter, it was freezing. Early in the morning, Miss Xianjiu just opened the door and suddenly saw a scrawny man lying outside, obviously a beggar. Mrs Brewmaster touched the man's nose and mouth, and there was still some breathing, so she took him home, filled him with hot soup first, and fed him half a glass of wine. The man woke up slowly and said excitedly, "madam, thank you for saving his life." I am a paralytic. If I go out, I will starve to death. Please be kind and take me in for a few more days. " Sister-in-law Xianjiu is embarrassed. As the saying goes, "There are not many widows". When men live at home like this, others will gossip. But think again, you can't watch him freeze to death and starve to death! Finally agreed to let him stay for a while. As expected, the gossip about Miss Guan Yuxian's wine soon spread, everyone alienated her, and fewer and fewer people came to the hotel to buy wine. But miss Xianjiu endured the pain and took care of the man wholeheartedly. Later people didn't come to buy wine, and she couldn't keep it up. The man left without saying goodbye. Mrs. Xianjiu was uneasy, looking around, and met a white-haired old man on the hillside, carrying a load of dry wood and walking hard. Mrs. Xianjiu was trying to help when the old man suddenly fell down and the dry wood was scattered all over the floor. The old man kept his mouth shut for two days, his lips trembled, and he faintly shouted, "Water, water, ..." What about the water on the barren hills and slopes? Fairy wine lady bit her middle finger, suddenly, blood flowed. She put her finger on the old man's mouth and he suddenly disappeared. A breeze blew, and a yellow cloth bag was flying in the sky. There were many small yellow paper bags in it, and there was a yellow note that said, "The Moon Palace gave laurel seeds as a reward for good people." Gao Fu Gui Shu Bi, life is full of flowers and trees. Pick flowers to brew osmanthus wine, and send it to mom and dad first. WU GANG is helpful, but treacherous. Mrs. Xianjiu realized that this paralytic and the old man carrying firewood were all changed by Wu Gang. As soon as the news spread, people from far and near came to see Suo Guizi. Well-intentioned people planted cinnamon seeds, and soon they grew osmanthus trees, which were full of sweetness and infinite brilliance. People with ulterior motives, the cassia seeds planted just don't take root and sprout. He feels embarrassed and washes his heart for goodness. Everyone is very grateful to miss fairy wine. It was her kindness that moved WU GANG Daxian, who managed osmanthus trees in the Moon Palace, and brought osmanthus wine to the world. Since then, osmanthus and osmanthus wine have emerged in the world.

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Ginkgo tree, also known as ginkgo tree, was called duck foot tree or gongsun tree in ancient times. It is one of the most precious tree species in the world and the only remaining ancient ginkgo plant species on the earth. Therefore, botanists regard it as a "living fossil" in the plant kingdom, and it is also known as the four major garden trees in the world with cedar, Aralia elata and Pinus yunnanensis. Gardeners in China often compare Ginkgo biloba with peony and orchid, regard it as the "three treasures of gardens" and respect it as the national tree.

Ginkgo tree is a tall deciduous tree with tall trunk, beautiful tree shape, strong disease resistance and pollution resistance, and its life span is as long as thousands of years. It is loved and favored by the world with its strong physique, unique personality, unique character, high ornamental value and economic value. Wang Wei, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem: "Ginkgo is planted as a beam and citronella is a knot. I don't know the clouds in the building, but I will be the rain on earth." Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, has a poem praising: "The four-walled peak mountain is picturesque everywhere. A tree is towering, a little article circle. " Ginkgo tree not only has high ornamental value because of its beautiful and exquisite leaves.

Value, and she has strong adaptability, great medicinal effect and considerable economic value. Ginkgo biloba, the fruit of ginkgo tree, is sweet in taste and homologous in medicine and food. After processing, it can be made into various flavor drinks with bright color, strong smell, sweet and delicious and health food suitable for all ages. The roots, leaves and skins of Ginkgo biloba also contain a variety of medicinal components, which have high clinical application value.

Ginkgo tree has a history of thousands of years in Dandong. According to textual research, a ginkgo tree in Dagushan Temple in Dandong is over 1300 years old and its height is 35. Its trunk can only be held by three adults with open arms. In summer, people look up under the tree, but they can't see the sky during the day and the stars at night. When leaves fall in autumn, there can be a foot-thick Huang Cancan leaf under the tree, and its fruit reaches hundreds of kilograms every year. In the streets and parks of Dandong city, there are quite a number of ginkgo trees with the age of 300-500 years, and almost all the main streets in the city are covered by ginkgo trees with the age of 100 years. According to statistics, there are nearly 1,000 ginkgo trees over 80 years and more than 4,000 over 30 years in the city. At present, the city's ginkgo seedling land 1000 mu, seedlings1500 thousand plants.

The people of Dandong love ginkgo trees, which have been carefully planted and protected for many years, making ginkgo trees thrive and develop rapidly in this fertile soil of Dandong. 1March, 984, the ginkgo tree was officially named Dandong City Tree after deliberation and approval by the Second Session of the Ninth People's Congress of Dandong City.

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People often say that the French phoenix tree

chinar

Platanus acerifolia

Deciduous trees, the origin can reach 35 meters. Bark is pale, smooth and falls off in large pieces; Young branches are densely grayish yellow pilose, while old branches are glabrous and reddish brown. Stipules are 1- 1.5 cm long, sheathlike at the base, spreading at the upper part, caducous, petiole 3- 10 cm long, densely yellow pilose; Leaf blade length 10-24 cm, width 12-25 cm, base section or slightly heart-shaped, upper half is usually 3-5 palmately divided, middle lobe is broadly triangular, and length and width are nearly equal. There are several thick teeth on the edge of each leaf, which are grayish yellow on both sides when they are young, and then gradually hairless or only hairy on the back along the veins. Flowers usually count as four. Fruit branches have 1-2 head-shaped substructures, 3 sparse substructures, usually drooping, the diameter of substructures is about 3 cm, the persistent style is 2-3 mm long and spiny; The hair on the lower part of the nutlet is as long as or slightly shorter than the fruit. Flowers bloom in April.

Originated in Europe. Often used as a street tree.

Some people call it paulownia indus.

Platanus acerifolia is a common greening plant, with more than ten varieties such as Platanus acerifolia and Paulownia. Indus usually blooms in spring, with trumpet-shaped flowers and light purple. Indus is a deciduous plant, which flourishes in spring and withers in autumn. Wutongshu, also known as Indus, means "Wutongshu at home attracts golden phoenix", which embodies people's good wishes.