Introduction

Chinese name of species: Durian

Latin name of species: Durio zibethinus Murr.

Chinese name of family: Kapokaceae

Family name: Bombacaceae

Genus Chinese name: Durio

Genus Latin name: Durio

Domestic distribution: Cultivated in Guangdong and Hainan

Overseas distribution: Originated in Indonesia

Nature and taste: The pulp part is hot and stagnant in nature, used for tonic for deficiency and cold

People with cancer or recovery, skin diseases or yin deficiency People with liver heat should avoid eating it

For those with weak and cold constitutions, eating it can strengthen yang and help fire.

Those with postpartum deficiency and coldness can take supplements.

If you eat too much, you can eat a few mangosteens immediately to resolve it

"Compendium of Materia Medica" records that durian "can be used for medicinal purposes, has a sweet and warm taste, is non-toxic, and is mainly used to treat diarrhea and cold air in the confidants." ".

Drug name: Durian

Pinyin: liú lián

Source: It is the whole plant of the Kapok family durian.

Effects: Nourishing yin and strengthening, dispersing wind and clearing away heat, choleretic, reducing jaundice, killing insects and relieving itching.

Indications: It can be used for diseases such as deficiency of essence and blood, premature graying of beard and hair, and aging. It can be used for diseases such as wind and heat. It can be used to treat jaundice. It can be used to treat scabies and skin itching.

Meridians of nature and flavor: pungent, sweet, cold (should refer to the medicinal part of the non-pulp, probably the durian flower, because its functions and indications are consistent with the nature and flavor, and it definitely does not refer to the hot and stagnant part The pulp part, please don’t change it without verification). Enters the liver, kidney, and lung meridians.

Usage and dosage: Oral administration: 6 to 9 grams, decoction. External use: boil in water for washing or bathing.

Alias: Liulian (Taiwan)

Distribution of animal and plant resources: native to the Malay Islands, with a small amount of introduced cultivation in Taiwan, Guangdong and Yunnan.

Latin name: Original plant Durio zibethinus murr

Critical research: First recorded in "Xinhua Compendium of Materia Medica".

Chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine: Fruit aroma components include hydrogen sulfide, ethylhydrodisulfide, several dialkyl polysulfides (di-alkylpolysulfido), ethyl acetate, 1,1- Diethoxyethane (1,1-diethoxyethane) and ethyl-2-methylbutanonate (ethyl-2-methylbutanonate). The fatty acid components of fruits (including peel, pulp and seeds) are: palmitic acid, arachidic acid (arachidicacid), and palmitinoic acid.

Durian is the most famous in Thailand and is known as the "King of Fruits". It has a strong smell, and those who love it praise its fragrance, while those who hate it complain about its smell. Therefore, it is not allowed to be brought into hotels, trains, airplanes and public places. Thais particularly love durian and are often attracted by its unique fragrance. There are popular proverbs in Thailand such as "Dian sarong, buy durian, durian is red, suitcase is empty", and "When you are a wife, eat durian", which shows how much Thai people love durian. . Chinese writer Yu Dafu wrote in "Travels to Nanyang" that "durian has a stench like a mixture of stinky cheese and onions, and a fragrance similar to turpentine. It is really smelly, fragrant and delicious." However, those who have never eaten durian only need to do it for the first time. After you boldly try the first bite, the sweet and refreshing taste will make you want to eat more and more. Many tourists will have endless aftertaste after tasting the delicious taste of durian, and even become addicted. Therefore, Thai durian is now sold to all over the world every year, especially to countries or regions such as Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Europe and the United States, and now also to China.

Durian is oval in shape, generally weighing about two kilograms. The outside is a woody hard shell, and the inside is divided into cells. Each cell has three or four seeds the size of an egg yolk, and the number of seeds in each cell is ten to fifteen. There is a layer of ointment on the outside of the seeds, which is the pulp, which is milky yellow. The taste is sweet and fragrant.

Expensive varieties of durian are worth three to four hundred baht each, and ordinary varieties cost about one hundred baht. The advantages and disadvantages of durian can be understood from the epidermis. Those with thick and sparse cone-shaped spines are generally well-developed, with many fruit kernels and thick and delicate flesh; if the spines are thin and dense, the fruit has thin kernels and thick flesh.

Durian has high nutritional value. In addition to high sugar content, it contains 11% starch, 13% sugar, 3% protein, and a variety of vitamins, fats, calcium, iron and phosphorus. . Durian is a hot fruit, so it is forbidden to drink alcohol within nine hours after eating durian.

Durian is full of treasures. The core can be boiled or roasted. It tastes like a half-cooked sweet potato. The water in which durian is boiled can treat sensitive skin sores and itches. Durian shells and other chemicals can be used to synthesize soap and are also used as medicine for skin diseases.

Durian is a plant in the family Asteraceae and is the tallest fruit tree in the tropics, with a trunk of 25 to 40 meters high. One tree can produce eighty durians per year. Durian matures in ten days after being picked from the tree. There are 200 varieties of durian in Thailand, and 60 to 80 varieties are currently commonly cultivated.

There are three most famous ones: light species include Yiluan, Jiao Luntong, Chun Fu Shi, Jin Zhen and Chani, which bear fruit after four or five years; medium-sized species include Longshank and Gu, which bear fruit after six years. It takes eight years to bear fruit; heavy-duty varieties such as Gambang and Ina bear fruit in eight years. They bear fruit once a year, and the maturity time differs by one or two months.

Among them, the most familiar ones are (1) "Golden Pillow", (Mengtong), which is currently the most popular one. It has rich and sweet flesh, and the flesh is golden yellow, often with a petal in it. It is relatively large and is called the "main meat". Because the smell is not too strong, it is very suitable for first-timers to "get started" with this smelly and fragrant fruit. Nowadays, golden pillows can be eaten all year round, but the price varies with the season. The price is the cheapest in the peak season, and it is also the most delicious time;

(2) "Chani", which has small leaves Small, fleshy, and small-core, it is more popular and cheaper than Golden Pillow. The flesh is preferably dark yellow;

(3) Long handle: This type of durian has a longer handle than other varieties. It is named after its long stem. The stem of this variety is long and round. The whole durian is also mainly round. The pulp and core are also round. The skin is green, the thorns are many and dense, the core is large, and the pulp is small but delicate and delicate. Strong flavor;

(4) Guye Tou: The meat is particularly delicate, its sweetness is like honey, and its small core is popular among gourmets. It is the most expensive type of durian. The origin of durian in Thailand is vast, from Nonthaburi in the central part to Rayong in Dongbu. The durian from Prachinburi once won the championship. Durians from southern Thailand are inferior to those from the central and eastern parts of Thailand, with large cores and small flesh. However, due to their late maturity, after the peak season of other durians, they are considered "rare but valuable".

Purchasing durian is also a kind of knowledge. Whether a durian is delicious or not is not only related to the variety, origin, climate, fertilization and picking time, but also timely cutting and eating is extremely important.

Because the durian is cut open before it is ripe, the durian meat is hard and bland, and tastes like chewing wax, so it will not be delicious. Therefore, when buying, you may want to ask the vendors. They will tap the durian with a small bamboo stick and listen to the sound to identify the ripeness. At the same time, you can use the smell method to determine whether it can be cut open, or you can choose it at a fruit stall or supermarket. Peel off the skin and sell only the meat, so you can use the naked eye and finger pressure to see and feel whether it is ripe. At the same time, if a person wants one durian at a time and cannot eat it, it is also a good idea to buy part of it at a time.

There are two theories about the origin of durian in Thailand. One is that it is native to Malaysia and was introduced to Thailand during the Ayutthaya Dynasty. Durian is called "Tu Liang" in Malay, and it is still called this way in Thai, and it is translated as "Durian" in Chinese. Another theory is that it was introduced from Thawai, Malik and Danausi in Myanmar.

There are also two legends about this. One is that when the Siamese army attacked Burma in 1787, they intended to capture his arms, but they could not conquer it. During the siege. Due to transportation difficulties and a lack of food and grass in the army, the general had to order the soldiers to look for wild fruits to satisfy their hunger. The soldiers found a huge and prickly fruit called durian in the forest. When they managed to cut it open, it was surprisingly sweet and delicious. Later, when they returned to Bangkok, many officers and soldiers took the durian cores back with them and planted them around their houses.

It is said that in the Bangkok area, durian trees that were between 100 and 150 years old grew in the courtyards of the descendants of officers and soldiers who had been to Myanmar. Two major floods occurred and all these durian trees died. The second is that it was introduced to southern Thailand by merchant ships traveling between Thailand and Myanmar, and later spread from Surat Thani to Bangkok and other places.

≮Efficacy≯

Durian is rich in protein and lipids, which has a good nourishing effect on the body and is a good source of fruit nutrition.

Durian has a special smell, and different people feel it differently. Some people think it smells like cat feces, while others think it has a fragrant aroma. The smell of durian has the effect of appetizing and promoting appetite, and the dietary fiber in it can promote intestinal peristalsis.

≮Applicable people≯

Generally healthy people can consume it.

It can be used by women after illness and postpartum to nourish the body due to deficiency and coldness.

≮Applicable dosage≯

No more than 100 grams per day.

≮Taboos≯

Cantonese people say: "One durian and three chickens." "Cihai" and "Compendium of Materia Medica" both say that it "can be used for medicinal purposes, has a sweet and warm taste, is non-toxic, and is mainly used to treat diarrhea and cold air in the heart and soul." However, do not eat too much at one time, because its rich nutrition will not fully digest your stomach. Will cause inflammation when absorbed. It can even cause sudden death in people with certain diseases. Thailand's Ministry of Health advises the public not to eat more than two durian segments a day.

If you accidentally eat too much durian, resulting in hot phlegm trapped in the body, difficulty breathing, flushed face, and stomach bloating, you should eat a few mangosteens immediately to resolve it, because mangosteen is a very cold thing and can restrain the heat of durian. . Only the Fruit Queen can conquer the Fruit King. You can also use durian peel + salt water to decoct it.

Although durian is rich in fiber, it will absorb water and swell in the intestines and stomach. Excessive consumption will block the intestines and cause constipation.

Cancer patients or those who have recovered must be even more careful, lest their condition worsen due to greed for temporary good fortune.

From a medical analysis, no matter how weak the body is, people with cancer always have some heat and poison. In the same way, those suffering from skin diseases or yin deficiency and liver heat should also stop eating durian to avoid troubles.

1. Durian cannot be eaten with wine: wine and durian are both hot and dry things. If a diabetic patient eats both together, it will cause blood vessel obstruction, and in severe cases, blood vessel bursting and stroke. , not suitable for consumption.

2. People with hot gas temperament, sore throat, cough, cold, yin deficiency, and tracheal sensitivity will worsen their condition and are not beneficial to the body and should not eat it.

3. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that durian is warm in nature. If you eat too much, it will increase dryness and cause symptoms of dampness. To relieve discomfort, drink kelp and mung bean soup or prunella vulgaris soup.

4. Durian contains high calories and sugar, so obese people should eat less.

5. Durian contains high potassium, so people with kidney disease and heart disease should eat less.

6. It is not advisable to eat too much durian at one time. If the ripe durian smells of alcohol, it means it has spoiled and cannot be eaten.

In addition, drinking more water after eating durian or eating more fruits containing more water can also relieve hotness, among which pears and watermelon are good choices.

It is worth noting that eating durian and mangosteen at the same time can avoid getting angry, but it may cause constipation. Because these two fruits are rich in fiber, they will absorb water and swell in the intestines and stomach. Excessive consumption will block the intestines and cause constipation.

≮Main nutrients≯

Each 100 grams of durian contains the following nutrients

Calories (147.00 kcal) · Vitamin B6 (0.14 mg) · Protein (2.60 g) · Fat (3.30 g) · Carbohydrates (28.30 g) · Folic acid (116.90 mcg) · Dietary fiber (1.70 g) · Vitamin A (3.00 mcg) · Carotene (20.00 mcg) · Thiamine (0.20 mg) · Riboflavin (0.13 mg) · Niacin (1.19 mg) · Vitamin C (2.80 mg) · Vitamin E (2.28 mg) · Calcium (4.00 mg) · Phosphorus (38.00 mg) · Potassium (261.00 mg) · Sodium ( 2.90 mg) · Iodine (5.60 μg) · Magnesium (27.00 mg) · Iron (0.30 mg) · Zinc (0.16 mg) · Selenium (3.26 μg) · Copper (0.12 mg) · Manganese (0.22 mg)

After ten years of research, experts from Thailand’s Ministry of Agriculture successfully developed a durian without a special odor in 2007, and named this durian "Chanthaburi No. 1". (Note: Chanthaburi is the main durian producing area in Thailand.

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2. In the cities of South China, there is a kind of fruit called durian, which can be seen everywhere in supermarkets in South China. It is produced in tropical and subtropical areas, and it is the king of fruits. It is said that it is the king of fruits. Our country's durian varieties were introduced from Thailand, and durians imported from Thailand have always been sold on the market. Durian is one of the main fruits in Thailand. I have known about durian fruit for a long time.

About Ten years ago, I traveled to South China and found that it grows in family courtyards and can also be used as green scenery on streets. Most of them are concentrated in orchards. The trunk of the tree is not very high, about two meters. The main trunk is as thick as a sea bowl, and the leaves are as big and thick as a man's palm. The durian fruit grows on such a tree. Its shell is covered with "thorns" that look like exaggerated awls, but they don't actually sting. Something. A complete durian weighs about two to three kilograms, and there are even larger ones. To eat durian, you have to open its shell, and there will be lumpy milky white stuff inside. It has a pungent smell. The aroma of durian penetrates people's sense of smell and reaches people's stomach, whetting their appetite and making people salivate. The aroma of durian is particularly fragrant. It tastes particularly fragrant and glutinous, with an endless aftertaste. It is said that durian is rich in a variety of It contains vitamins, does not cause internal heat, and has an auxiliary effect on stomatitis. Durian can be put into flour and fried into durian cakes for banquets. It can also be made into various special snacks for people to taste. People in southern China love durian. It It is not only a specialty here, but also a symbol of wealth. People who don’t like durian say it smells bad. I avoid its odor from afar, as if facing a formidable enemy, covering my nose tightly, and if my family has any Those who have eaten durian can ignore you for a long time, for fear that the stench will come out of their mouths. If there are passers-by carrying durians, they can stay away and stay away. What's more, there is a place where The airport does not allow durians to be carried on passenger planes, and warning signs are hung in the terminal to prevent durians from getting on board. Durians are in the company of flammable and explosive materials. This is an injustice to durian, a blasphemy to the king of fruits, and a disservice to durian. misunderstanding. It just smells. It just smells a little, so it’s not like "going to war to kill it for a long journey." Once, I used a carton containing durians to pack my travel items on the train, and from then on When one carriage passed another carriage, someone spotted the word "durian" on my trailer and "reported" it to the flight attendant. As soon as I sat down, someone came to me and asked, "Did you bring durian?" ?Answer: "Who said that? Where is it?" If I hadn't been a little harsher, I would have gone through my luggage and "acted" on me. Some people even felt afraid of the word "durian". It's really Talking about the color change of durian.

What I want to tell you is that although durian is smelly, it still has a lingering fragrance. I hope more people can accept durian and like durian.