First, feel it. Feel, the crystal cup is colder than the glass. Because the thermal conductivity of crystal is stronger than that of glass, the tactile sensation transmitted to fingertips is also different. The thin crystal cup has certain elasticity. You can feel the deformation of the cup by gently squeezing the edge of the cup. Of course, they cannot be broken by brute force!
Second, look at the luster. A crystal glass is like looking at a crystal handicraft, which can absorb luster. Lift the crystal glass and rotate it against the light. It is crystal clear and reflects colorful light. Ordinary glass does not have such a perfect effect.
Third, look at the cup mouth. The edge of the cup mouth is slightly prominent, like a thin hoop wrapped, and like a fine powder strip, usually called the cup mouth of vermicelli. This is glass, because when the vermicelli is heated, the mouth of the crystal cup formed by the backflow of glass liquid is cold cut and usually polished, so it is mostly smooth.
Fourth, weigh the weight. The crystal cup is as thin as paper, so it feels light in your hand. The wall of the glass is so thick that it feels heavy in your hand. Of course, with the development of manufacturing technology, glass is getting lighter and lighter, so this article cannot be used as an absolute measure.
Fifth, listen to the sound. Tap or flick the glass, the glass is a dull click, and the sound of two cups colliding is dull. The sound of the crystal cup is as clear as metal, and there is a beautiful aftersound that passes through the air. Two cups collide, and the echo is crisp and long. Lead-free crystals have better refraction than lead-containing crystals, and the metallic sound made by flicking is also more pleasant. The key point is that they are tougher and more impact-resistant than lead-containing crystals. Of course, the most important thing is that it is safer and more reliable for the human body. The price of this crystal cup is also on the high side.
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Glass, divided into
1: ordinary glass
2: Crystal glass
And there are two kinds of crystal glass ~
1: Lead-containing crystal glass (also known as imitation crystal glass, which is very harmful to human body, so don't buy it)
2: Lead-free crystal glass (expensive)
Why are some lead and some lead-free?
When you have seen many kinds of shiny and beautiful high-end cheap glasses, you have a question.
Why don't the glasses we saw when we were young, especially the thick glass like canned fruit, have such a glittering and beautiful high-end atmosphere?
That's because those dazzling, beautiful, high-end and cheap glasses are based on the raw materials of ordinary glasses.
A proper amount of lead oxide was added. In this way, the brightness and transparency are relatively high, and it looks brilliant and beautiful, and the high-end atmosphere is high-grade.
China crystal industry standards are formulated in three situations:
1 is crystal stone.
Artificial crystals grown in a high-pressure reactor
3 is high lead glass whose refractive index and hardness are close to those of rock crystals after the lead content reaches a certain level.
What kind of crystal glass do you think it might be? As far as I know, the price of a glass-sized natural white crystal stone is around 1000.
The artificial crystal is around 700. As for the third one. . . Hmm. How interesting
Ok, let's stop here with the basic principles of science.
Link: /question/2388660 1/ answer /26476 16 1.
If you are a stubborn person, you firmly believe that you can buy high-end atmospheric crystal glasses at a low price.
Ahem, the great gods in Zhihu should all be afraid of spending a lot of money, but they are afraid that they will buy lead-containing crystal glasses before sitting and looking down.
How to tell whether a crystal glass contains lead?
Personal experience in major wholesale markets
1: sound: the sound of impact is as pleasant as the sound of metal impact, and it is dull to hear Yusheng ~ lead in a quiet environment.
2. Gloss: Lead-free has a strong ability to refract light, so the color is brighter.
Wisdom Tiger God must be enough to buy things. How can they stand in the light for a few minutes and see the luster? ! Money is not a problem at all. It's wrong to reduce my stress!
"Boss ~ Open a bottle of' 82 Lafite for me to see the tears"
3. Weight: Under the same model, the crystal glass containing lead is heavier.
4. Once, the shopkeeper went directly to the opposite store and got a lead-free one, and then his lead-free one bumped into the lead-free one (I demonstrated it many times, and I got a good grasp of the strength angle).
"Lead-free has stronger impact resistance"
5: Taste, but some lead-containing glasses can also reduce the pungent taste/smell in various ways.
If you read it, do you still feel inexperienced and confused?
1: Then try to drink less acidic drinks in the glass, because it contains lead oxide.
(Alcohol, cola, honey and fruit juice containing fruit acid, etc. )
2. Or simply reduce the pressure, and don't use all kinds of beautiful high-end cheap glasses that are glittering.
Well, this is the most important material. By the way, what time is it?
1 manufacturing process.
For the god who always opens a bottle of 1982 Lafite,
Glass goblets must also be imported, so foreign brands of machine-made glass goblets are preferred, with the highest cost performance.
Of course, you can't lower your standards ~
Going to Zhihu is the pursuit of compulsory hand blowing!
It's the product of the pursuit master,
Is to pursue a unique feeling,
Buy only the expensive ones, not the right ones!
It is transparent without any color.
Glass is not afraid of slow temperature rise or slow temperature drop, but "fast temperature rise". And "quenching". Rapid heating and rapid cooling often make it burst.
Ps: plastic cup
1: Never buy any uneasy colored plastic cups.
Because many colored plastics can't rule out whether to use secondary materials, often many only use secondary materials.
Plastic products are poorly priced, and too many manufacturers use secondary materials.
Good light transmittance
High-grade transparent cups generally use less plasticizer.
Most plastic products have the following marks. Simply put, choose No.5 PP (safe food-grade plastic, PC is controversial).
However, there are also cases where the cup body is made of PP and the lid is made of other materials (generally many).
LDPE is safer without heating.
For example, Lekou's lunch box is PP, the popular space cup used to be PC, and the bicycle kettle is LDPE (not heated).
(The picture below and the text about the picture are quite reliable. )
"No.65438 +0" pets: mineral water bottles and carbonated beverage bottles.
Don't recycle the hot water in the beverage bottle.
Usage: High temperature resistance of 70℃, only suitable for filling warm drinks or frozen drinks. It is easy to deform when it is filled with high-temperature liquid or heated, and harmful substances will be dissolved out. Moreover, scientists found that plastic products 1 may release the carcinogen DEHP after using 10 months, which is toxic to Gao Wan. (Male (middle) ~ Human (horse) ~ Children ~ ~ ~ Attention! ! )
Therefore, drink bottles should be thrown away when they are used up. They should not be used as drinking cups or as storage containers for other items, so as not to cause health problems.
"Second place" HDPE: cleaning products and bath products.
If the cleaning is not thorough, it is recommended not to recycle.
Usage: It can be reused after careful cleaning, but these containers are usually not easy to clean, leaving the original cleaning supplies and becoming a hotbed of bacteria. You'd better not recycle them I finally know the reason why Gao Fushuai changed his travel clothes so frequently. )
"No.3" PVC: It is rarely used in food packaging at present.
It's best not to buy it.
Usage: this material is easy to produce harmful substances at high temperature, and even it will be released during manufacturing. Toxic substances enter the human body with food, which may cause diseases such as breast cancer and birth defects of newborns. At present, containers made of this material are rarely used for packaging food. If it is in use, don't let it get hot.
"No.4" LDPE: cling film, plastic film, etc.
Don't put plastic wrap on the surface of food and put it in the microwave oven.
Uses: heat resistance is not strong. Generally qualified PE plastic wrap will melt when the temperature exceeds 1 10℃, leaving some plastic preparations that cannot be decomposed by human body. Moreover, food is wrapped and heated with plastic wrap, and the oil in food can easily dissolve the harmful substances in plastic wrap. Therefore, before putting food into the microwave oven, you must first remove the wrapped plastic wrap.
[5th] PP: microwave lunch box
When you put it in the microwave oven, take off the cover.
Usage: The only plastic box that can be put into the microwave oven can be reused after careful cleaning. It should be noted that some microwave lunch boxes are indeed made of No.5 PP, but the lid is made of No.0 PE/kloc-0. Because PE is not resistant to high temperature, it can't be put in the microwave oven with the box. To be on the safe side, open the lid before putting the container in the microwave oven.
[6th] PS: bowls of instant noodles, fast food boxes
Don't cook a bowl of instant noodles in the microwave oven.
Usage: Heat-resistant and cold-resistant, but it can't be put into the microwave oven to avoid releasing chemicals when the temperature is too high. And it cannot be used to load strong acids (such as orange juice) and strong alkaline substances, because it will decompose polystyrene which is unfavorable to human body and easy to cause cancer. Therefore, you should try to avoid packing hot food in fast food boxes.
Other categories of "No.7" PC: kettle, water cup and milk bottle.
PC glue releases bisphenol A when exposed to heat (this is controversial at present, as a consumer, you can hide it if you can).
Usage: A widely used material, especially in milk bottles, is controversial because it contains bisphenol A. ..
Lin Hanhua, an associate professor in the Department of Biochemistry of City University of Hong Kong, said that in theory, as long as bisphenol a 100% is converted into plastic structure in the process of manufacturing PC, it means that the product does not contain bisphenol A at all, let alone is released.
However, if a small amount of bisphenol A is not converted into the plastic structure of PC, it may be released into food or drink.
Therefore, when using this kind of plastic container, we should be especially careful.
Cleaning measures to deal with bisphenol A
The higher the temperature, the more bisphenol A remaining in PC is released and the faster it is.
Therefore, PC water bottles should not be used to hold hot water, so as not to increase the release speed and concentration of bisphenol A (if any).
If your kettle has the number 7,
The following methods can reduce risks:
Do not heat when using.
No dishwasher or bowl dryer is needed to clean the kettle.
Keep the kettle out of direct sunlight.
Before the first use, wash it with baking soda powder and warm water, and dry it naturally at room temperature. Because bisphenol A will release more during the first use and long-term use.
If the container is injured or damaged, it is recommended to stop using it, because if there are tiny pits on the surface of plastic products, it is easy to hide bacteria.
Avoid reusing aging plastic appliances.