Selection of Seeding Sites for Pine Afforestation
Nursery land should be sandy loam with loose soil and deep soil layer, and the land with flat terrain and good irrigation and drainage conditions is better. There are mycorrhizal fungi in the root system of Pinus bungeana, which has a good effect on promoting the growth of seedlings, that is, it can promote the root system of seedlings to absorb water and nutrients in the soil and improve the drought and disease resistance of seedlings. Therefore, Pinus bungeana nursery is suitable for continuous cropping.
Sand storage and accelerated germination of seeds
Indoor sofa buds are used in winter. Accelerating germination in sand storage should be carried out before soil freezing. Choose a clean house with intact doors and windows for comprehensive disinfection, pile up sterilized pure sand with humidity of about 60% indoors, pack seeds and sand with pure cloth bags at the ratio of 1: 3, so that the volume of sand and seeds accounts for 30% ~ 40% of the total volume of the cloth bags, then bury the cloth bags into the sand evenly, cover the sand piles with grass curtains, and pay attention to ventilation, moisture preservation and antifreeze. Sowing can be done when there are 40% ~ 50% cracks in the second year.
The seedling raising method is container seedling raising or high-low bed seedling raising. Seedbed seedling is raised by drilling, with sowing amount of 40-50kg per mu, covered with plastic film or straw, and the covered straw should be disinfected with formalin or carbendazim solution with concentration of 65438 0%.
Seedling management
25 ~ 30 days after sowing, the seedlings are unearthed with shells, and the shells fall off on their own in about 15 days. In this period, it is necessary to prevent the destruction of birds and animals. The prevention of damping-off disease should be strengthened after the seed shell falls off, and the seedlings should be sprayed alternately with carbendazim and ferrous sulfate 2 ~ 3 times a week. Use 0.3% ~ 0.5% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution, one person in front sprays the medicine, and the other person washes it with water, otherwise it will easily cause phytotoxicity. In the process of seedling growth, water should be properly and timely, and attention should be paid to loosening the soil and weeding.
Pinus bungeana seedlings grow slowly, only 4 cm ~ 5 cm in the first year, 10cm in the second year, 30 cm ~ 40 cm in the 4 ~ 5 years old seedlings, 10 years old seedlings1m. In the process of cultivation, seedlings have to be transplanted two or three times before they can be cultivated into large seedlings. Usually, 1 ~ 2-year-old seedlings are transplanted for the first time, and then planted in the mountains in 1 ~ 2 years. Transplanting 5-year-old seedlings for the second time and 8 ~ 10-year-old seedlings for the third time. After the third transplantation, it can be applied to landscaping.
The value of pine trees is not only economic use, but also important ornamental value because of its majestic posture and long life. It is an important part of many scenic spots in China. For example, Qian Shan in Liaoning, Mount Tai in Shandong and Lushan in Jiangxi are all famous for their pine scenery.
Especially Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province, which is famous for its pine, clouds and stones? Three musts? , and headed by pine. Many Gu Song in various places are closely related to China's long history and culture. For example, there is an 800-year-old Gu Song in Beihai and Yuanmingyuan, which is said to be named by Qing Qianlong. Yin Hou? ; Mount Tai? Doctor Wu Song? Legend has it that Qin Shihuang climbed the mountain here to avoid the rain and was given an official title. People in China regard pine trees as a symbol of firmness, chastity and longevity. What did Song and Zhu He say? Three friends at the age of cold? Metaphor is not afraid of adversity and perseverance to overcome difficulties.
According to the structural characteristics and wood properties, pine trees are generally divided into coniferous pine and broad-leaved pine. Cork pine (that is, subgenus of single vascular bundle) is light and soft, uniform in texture, low in strength, easy to process, with gradual change from early wood to late wood and few wing cracks. Hardwood pine (that is, subgenus of double vascular bundles) is relatively hard, uneven in texture, high in strength, difficult to process, fast in transformation from early wood to late wood, and high in rosin content. However, Hainan five-needled pine and South China five-needled pine belonging to cork pine are close to hardwood pine in strength and bulk density. Pine can be used in buildings, telephone poles, sleepers, columns, bridges, farm tools, appliances, furniture and other purposes. The cellulose content of various pine trees is about 50 ~ 60%, and the lignin content is 25 ~ 30%, which is one of the important raw materials for pulp and paper industry. Pine trees can also be used as firewood.
Rosin and turpentine can be extracted by cutting turpentine from pine tree trunks. Pine nuts are rich in protein and oil, and the oil content is above 30%. Among them, there are 20 species with edible value, such as Korean pine, slash pine and Huashan pine, all of which are produced in China. Seeds of Korean pine can also be used as medicine. What's the name of the medicine? Sea pine nuts? , is a nourishing tonic. Pine bark and seed coat are rich in tannin, and tannin extract can be extracted by soaking. After the bark is crushed, it can be mixed with other raw materials and pressed into hard fiberboard. In addition, pine needle volatile oil can be extracted from pine needles. Needles are rich in carotene, vitamins, fat, protein, calcium, phosphorus and other mineral elements, which can be processed into feed additives for poultry and livestock. Incomplete combustion of pine branches and roots in kiln can make pine smoke (see dry distillation of wood), which can be used to make ink, ink and black paint. Pine branches and roots are also raw materials for cultivating valuable medicinal material Poria cocos.
The pine needles of Pinus massoniana have great medicinal value, which was first discovered in Sun Simiao. They mainly scavenge human free radicals, prevent carsickness, simmer wine and prolong life.
Plant Culture of Squirrels Famous Pine Painters in Past Dynasties
In China's landscape paintings, the expression of pine trees occupies an important position and becomes an independent theme.
The ancients used turquoise to decorate landscapes, which became a trend in Tang Dynasty landscape painting, and many famous turquoise landscape painters appeared. They regard turquoise as a part of the landscape and deliberately process it to make the picture appear. Wonderful? The charm of. Zhang Xuan of the Tang Dynasty wrote loosely, and his brushwork was good. I often hold two pipes in my hand. For a while, one is a living branch and the other is a dead branch. I am proud and hazy. If it is in the shape of dental scales, it should come out at random. The living branches moisten the spring, while the dead branches grieve the autumn. ? What about Zhang Yun's? What is the source of the heart from the outside world? Being impressed by artists of all ages, it has become an eternal jade law in the theory of Chinese painting. Hao Jing and Hou Liang of the Five Dynasties lived in seclusion in Taihang Mountain? Red valley? , one side? Farming for dinner? While observing nature deeply, then what? Xiang Li breathes air? 、? Want to attach a cloud man? Gu Song surprised him. Written with a pen, every tens of thousands of copies are true. ?
Li Cheng and Guo in the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Tang and Ma Yuan in the Song Dynasty, Wang Meng in the Yuan Dynasty, Hong Ren, Shi Tao and Mei Qing in the Qing Dynasty. Because of the different aesthetic tastes, the painting methods of the Song Dynasty naturally showed different forms in different times and different painters. Before the Tang dynasty, painters tried to describe the ideal realistic realm in detail and paid attention to the reproduction of physical objects. After the Five Dynasties, painters can not only learn from nature, but also learn from nature, and combine the feelings of life with the natural changes of pine trees, endowing pine trees with human character and character, making the artistic conception and implication of their works richer, deeper and more personalized. After long-term artistic creation, ancient painters summed up a set of extremely complete and systematic painting theories, and also formed a very distinctive artistic program, which is complete and extremely flexible, reflecting the painter's keen understanding of nature and profound experience of art. Song's painting style is as rich as rocks, figures and flowers in Chinese painting, which can be said to be an easy-to-master typological treatment method, which is beneficial for painters to find typical formal language from the complicated realistic scenery. Huang is a modern painter. He has no routine in composition and conception, does not stick to the ancient law, and does not follow the old rules. Xu Zhan's Jinsong is tall and straight, resolute and strong, braving the cold in the wind, with vigorous trunk and pine needles like iron, which has the characteristics of tall and straight, concise and vigorous. Mr. Pan Tianshou's works are full of vigor and vitality, magnificent and vigorous. The yellow in his works has strong and steady lines and iron branches. There are only a few peaks in the background, but they are very handsome and wonderful. "Song Shiheng Juan" is an old pine tree, surrounded by stones, and Gu Gan has teeth. Its spirit is clear and its bones are steep, and its vigorous calligraphy inscriptions occupy half of the picture. Really? Trees are like Qu Tieshan painting sand, and pens can carry dragons and snakes? .
Songhua art
Pine trees have masculine beauty, and their branches are characterized by both rigidity and softness. Loose Ye Qun gives people a sense of detachment. It is auspicious tree in our nation's mind and a symbol of evergreen. Pine trees, some like dragons, are called pine trees. Their branches are varied, straight and straightforward, winding, showing the shape of dragons exploring green hills; There are also some songs that are straight and extraordinary, such as dragons entering the sea; Some giant arms cover the sky, are tall and resolute, and have the potential to rise from the ground and soar through the clouds.
Pine is one of the most widely used tree species in landscape painting. It grows both in the wilderness and on the top of the mountain. Pine trees can also be represented as the main image. Pine trees growing on fertile plains are tall and lush, and often stand tall and straight into the clouds; Growing in the crevices of rocks, it often twists and turns, and the land is like a black dragon. They have the same characteristics.