? 1. Living habits of snail culture
? Snail is a gastropod mollusk, which likes to live in water with warm winter and cool summer, soft sediment, rich bait and fresh water quality, especially in places with running water. Snails are omnivorous, mainly eating tender stems and leaves of aquatic plants, organic debris and so on. Snails like to move at night and eat. The optimum growth temperature is 20 ~ 27℃.
? 2. Breeding habits of snail culture
? When the water temperature rises to 15℃ in late spring and early summer, snails crawl out of the wintering cave and feed and grow at the bottom of the water. Breeding begins in April, and July-August is the season for snail breeding. 1 ~ 2-year-old females can give birth to 20 ~ 30, and females over 4 years old can give birth to 40 ~ 50. Larvae grows rapidly after birth and can reach sexual maturity in one year. April to September is the spawning season every year.
3. Selection of snail farms
? The breeding ground of Oncomelania hupensis should be a place with sufficient water, good water quality, humus soil and convenient transportation, preferably tap water. The snail pond is generally 1.5 ~ 1.6m wide and 10 ~ 15m long, which may be subject to the topography. Make a ridge around the pool, and the height of the ridge is about 50 cm. Both ends of the pool are provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and an escape prevention net is installed. At the same time, planting aquatic plants such as Zizania latifolia in the middle of the culture pond can not only improve the land yield, but also create a good ecological environment for the growth of Oncomelania hupensis.
? 4. Stocking snails for snail culture
? Generally, from the end of March, snails can be put into the pond one after another. Before the snails were put into the pond 10 day, the whole pond was sprayed with quicklime at a dosage of 50 ~ 100 kg per mu to remove wild fish, shrimp and other miscellaneous snails. After 3 ~ 4 days, the organic fertilizer and breeding bait organisms are piled up in the pond for snails to eat. Snails can be bought from the market or collected by themselves. There are 100 ~ 120 seed snails per square meter, and 4 summer bighead carp can be raised in the pond. Before sowing snails, apply a proper amount of feces in the pond to cultivate bait organisms. The stocking of seed snails is best completed in the early stage of snail breeding. Seed snails should be fresh light brown snails with thin and complete shells and round arches. The cultured snails can be farmed separately, or interplanted with some silver carp and bighead carp varieties, or mixed with snails and loach.
? 5. Water quality control of snail culture
? The water quality of snail pond is one of the keys to the success or failure of snail culture. First of all, we must ensure excellent water quality. Any water containing a lot of iron and sulfur cannot be used. Because of the water with too high iron content, the mortality rate after stocking seedlings is very high, and the surviving snail shells are also attached with red rust, and even the snail meat is reddish brown.
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The water quality of sulfur also makes snails smell of sulfur and inedible. Natural water bodies in slightly turbid rivers or ponds are most suitable for aquaculture. It should not be too clear and transparent, and the water body should contain rich natural bait and sufficient oxygen. It is necessary to inject fresh water into the snail pond frequently to adjust the water quality, especially in the breeding season, and it is best to keep the water flowing smoothly. In high temperature season, it is best to adopt running water culture. Micro-flowing water cultivation is the best in spring and autumn. The water depth of snail pond should be kept at about 30 cm.
? 6. Feeding management of snail culture
? Extensive farming in natural water can meet the growth needs of Oncomelania snails as long as the fertility of water body is maintained and appropriate organic fertilizers such as manure, chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure or straw are applied regularly. You can also feed leftovers such as vegetable leaves, rice bran, bean cakes, vegetable cakes and animal offal. Feed the cake after it is soaked soft, and chop other feeds and mix them evenly.
? Snails don't need much nutrition. Rice bran, wheat bran and bean cake were simply mixed at the ratio of 60%, 25% and 15% to make the first-class feed for snails. At the suitable growth temperature (20 ~ 27℃), snails have a strong appetite, and can be fed once every two days, and the feeding amount is 2% ~ 3% of their body weight. When the water temperature is 15 ~ 20℃ or 28 ~ 30℃, feed it twice a week, and feed it about 1% each time. When the temperature is lower than 15℃ or higher than 30℃, it is less than or equal to zero. In the natural state, snails can grow to 6-8 grams in the same year, while the individual weight of artificial culture can reach 12- 15 grams.
7. Overwintering management of snail culture
? When the water temperature drops to 8 ~ 9℃, snails begin to hibernate. Hibernating snails use shell top clay, leaving only a round hole on the soil surface, and bubbles appear from time to time. Snails don't eat during the winter, but the water depth of the culture pond still needs to be kept at 10 ~ 15 cm. Generally, water should be changed 1 time every 3 ~ 4 days to maintain proper oxygen content.
? 8. Harvest and transportation of snail farming
? After a year of careful cultivation, the released young snails can reach 10 ~ 20g, and the hatched young snails can reach more than 5g that year. When harvesting river snails, we should adopt the method of catching large snails and putting small snails on the market in batches, and selectively catch adult snails, keep young snails and keep some female snails, so as to realize natural replanting and avoid releasing seedlings in the future. According to their living habits, in the hot summer and autumn seasons, they choose to pick up bamboo branches and straws placed on the shore or in the water at night, and choose sunny noon in winter and spring. In addition, snails can also be harvested by catching them in the lower pool or picking them up in the drainage dry pool.
? Snails are very simple to transport, and can be packed in ordinary bamboo baskets and wooden barrels. , or packed in woven bags. As long as snails stay wet during transportation, they can avoid exposure to the sun.
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