Remember, the child's own experience is the most important!
Mathematics is a language that describes the objectivity of the world, so it should be all-encompassing, not just numbers. General mathematics should include numbers, space, time, sorting, classification, induction and logic. Therefore, mathematics enlightenment should include these aspects.
Generally speaking, after the age of 2, children enter the pre-operation stage and begin to have the bud of mathematical thinking, so parents can implement mathematical enlightenment. At first I thought it was a recognition of space, up and down, left and right. At this time, you can take your children to play some games, such as throwing paper planes, riding wooden horses and hiding from cats, all of which are feeling the space.
Then it is classified, sorted and summarized. Children like to collect a bunch of things best. You can choose different things in it, or classify them by size and color. Building blocks are good games and you can experience more space.
The following are the revelations of numbers, time and logic. You can count, look at the clock, chat with children and encourage them to ask questions.
"Why is addition and subtraction always wrong?" "Don't count after the decimal point?" After primary school, children complain bitterly and adults beat their chests and feet. However, is mathematics really that difficult? In fact, math is not good because math enlightenment is not done well! It is not because children have no talent, but the fact is that every child is born with a sense of numbers. It is very important to grasp the sensitive period of children's mathematics at the age of 2-6 and carry out effective and scientific mathematics enlightenment for children.
Hot STEM education in the United States refers to the education and guidance of children in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and other fields. As a basic tool of technology and engineering, mathematics is the most important. Mathematics is the foundation of all sciences.
Here are some misunderstandings about mathematics enlightenment that parents often fall into!
Myth 1: Children are so young and mathematical concepts are so abstract. Let's talk about elementary school.
In fact, children are born with a sense of numbers, so don't worry that children don't understand. Instead, we should seize the golden age of mathematical enlightenment and cultivate and develop our sense of numbers. Therefore, the earlier the mathematics enlightenment, the better. A study in the United States shows that children can start real mathematics enlightenment after 2 years and 6 months. Cultivate children's mathematical thinking before the age of 9. As long as there are no accidents, children can cope with ever-changing mathematical knowledge and problems with constant mathematical ability in the future. However, for children's learning, interest is always the best source of motivation. Therefore, the most important part of mathematics enlightenment is actually to cultivate children's interest in mathematics.
Myth 2: Knowing numbers+can enlighten arithmetic.
Many parents will say: Is it difficult to enlighten mathematics? My baby has been teaching them to count and do some simple calculations since he can talk. For many people, mathematics is almost synonymous with arithmetic.
Italian educator maria montessori pointed out that 2-6 years old is the most important mathematical sensitive period in children's life. At this stage, children begin to show interest in numbers, quantitative relations, arrangement order and physical characteristics. There are many specific behaviors, such as being interested in the price tag of the supermarket and looking at the numbers yourself; Children may often ask what time it is. Or compare two numbers, for example, will they ask 5 or 2? If your child has the above performance, it means that their math sensitive period has come.
In life, counting is the enlightenment of calculation, playing with building blocks is the enlightenment of solid geometry, cutting pizza is the enlightenment of fractions, origami is the enlightenment of plane geometry, and puzzles are the enlightenment of logical thinking ... As parents, have we tried our best to find some inspiration for our children in life?
In life, counting is the enlightenment of calculation, playing with building blocks is the enlightenment of solid geometry, cutting pizza is the enlightenment of fractions, origami is the enlightenment of plane geometry, and puzzles are the enlightenment of logical thinking ... As parents, have we tried our best to find some inspiration for our children in life?
Early mathematical concepts are sometimes not necessarily numbers. Classification, shape and regular ordering are all mathematics, and the concepts of time and space are all mathematics. Parents can start enlightenment when their children are 1 year old or older.
Children enter the sensitive period of mathematics at the age of three and a half, and they will be very interested in things related to the concept of numbers. Parents should make full use of this special period and play some games with their children, which can help children understand the concept of mathematics well and thus better enlighten mathematics.
What parents should do in the early stage is to help their children cultivate their interest in mathematics, which is very important for their children.
After that, children can play with some simple educational toys, develop their thinking ability and exercise their brains, such as building blocks and puzzles, which are more suitable for preschool children.
Nowadays, many families pay more attention to the cultivation of children's early mathematical thinking ability, and most of them choose to let their children participate in extracurricular interest classes for training. I think the teaching of specialized courses may be more suitable for children than that of parents at home.
I have also listened to some good courses in China before. In contrast, the course of spark thinking is more suitable for children, and the course is more interesting and can stimulate children's interest in learning.
Two days ago, I saw a professor from Stanford University in the United States talking about mathematical thinking. When children in China, including teachers in China, teach their children mathematics, for example, it is easy to say that a rectangle is three centimeters long and five centimeters wide. What is the area of this rectangle? Students learn to know that length is multiplied by width, but this is called basic knowledge of mathematics, not mathematical thinking. What should I say about good mathematical thinking? Let the children know that the area of a rectangle is long times wide, and then give them an example. What kind of combination will there be for a rectangle with an area of 30? This suddenly let the children know that the so-called length multiplied by width is a rectangular area. In fact, it has many possibilities, so it will suddenly open the child's mind.
It's a good idea to enlighten family mathematics with picture books, but math learning needs repeated practice, so I recommend using picture books to design games. Although there are many math picture books on the market at present, I have only bought this set of Han Sheng math picture books (full set of 4 1 book), and I think it is really good. I recommend it to you. This set of books was imported from America by Hamilton Sundstrand Press. Although it was written early (during the Cold War between the United States and the former Soviet Union), it was written by a group of mathematics experts specially invited by the United States to improve its national strength, so the content is still very elegant.
However, although this set of books is aimed at children's picture books, it is not so easy for children to read directly. Personally, I think this set of books is more suitable for parents and teachers to understand first, and then design games for their children according to the tips and their family situation.
Professor Hao Jinghua, the head of the development project of National Science Curriculum Standards (Grade 3-6), once said that "our children may never learn", and she said that "the core concepts of each subject are not many, but they are very important. Because they are transferable, understanding them will make thinking transcend themes and facts. Knowledge is endless, and thinking is the key to learning. " Parents should also read this passage carefully, which is a basic principle for you to enlighten your children in mathematics. We shouldn't be proud of hearing that "it's amazing that children can solve problems in senior grades at such a young age." It is necessary to take advantage of the opportunity that children are young and willing to play similar games repeatedly, and deeply implant the concepts and ways of thinking of mathematics into children through repeated practice.
What is the core concept of mathematics? Can be roughly divided into five categories (I'm not a math major, this is my notes from Han Sheng):
1. Numbers and calculation. Such as single digit, ten digit, hundred digit, and the calculation principle of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
2. Quantity and measurement. Length, weight, volume, area, capacity, time, etc., and how to measure these quantities.
3. Geometry and space. Such as one-dimensional space, two-dimensional space and three-dimensional space.
4. Statistics and probability. Statistics is a method used when dealing with a large number of data; Probability is a question of probability.
5. Set and relationship. It's about the relationship between elements and sets. For example, Xiao Ming's home is a collection, and Xiao Ming is the element of this home. We say Xiao Ming belongs to this family.
These basic concepts seem abstract, but in fact, children have been exposed to them since they were very young. After all, the concept of mathematics is to solve practical problems in life. So how to design the game? There are several principles:
1. It should conform to the child's development stage. Step by step, don't worry. As long as you are prepared, there is always a chance.
2. Children play when they are interested. You can wait for opportunities and create opportunities; You can start with what your child is interested in and extend it. In short, don't force it.
3. play with children. This is a well-designed game, which needs some guidance. If the guide does not invest and participate, the child will lose interest.
There are many other strategies. Children like all kinds of recreational activities, such as singing, dancing, drawing and doing sports. You can integrate the concept of mathematics into his favorite activities, pave the way, and discuss how some basic formulas and theorems come from.
Here is another book: The Growing Artist: A Course of Children's Art, which is also imported from America. The author is a doctor of education and also engaged in artistic creation. For more than 30 years, he has been committed to the curriculum research of children's multidisciplinary integration. There are many activity design methods and specific cases in the book, but this book is mainly aimed at children from 0 to 8 years old. It is not known whether it is suitable for children over 8 years old.
In the process of taking care of the baby, whether in life or in games, we all pay attention to quantity. For example, we eat an apple and take a few pieces (count). This is the earliest enlightenment, which gave her a certain concept and cognition of the quantity of things from an early age.
You should learn basic mathematics knowledge from the age of two. You can start teaching your baby to count his body parts, two eyes, two ears, two hands and two legs, then count his fingers and learn to count from one to ten. Every time you climb the stairs, count the stairs with your baby, count to ten every time, and do it again to strengthen the consolidation. Then learn digital cards and try to recognize the numbers 1 to 10. Interested children can teach them to write and write.
Personally, I think it is enough to master these basic mathematical knowledge before entering the park, and I can't be too impatient. Teaching too much is counterproductive. My little treasure is now in a small class, and ten numbers are sometimes confused and mistaken. We don't care much. It takes different time for each child to accept or understand things. Some learn relatively well, while others have to wait for her to fully accept and understand.
I'm glad to answer your question.
Mathematics is one of the most important subjects in our school, and it is also a headache for many children and mothers. Simple addition and subtraction in the eyes of parents has become a stumbling block for children. So now many mothers want to cultivate their children's mathematical thinking from an early age, so what is the role of cultivating mathematical thinking?
1, cultivate logical thinking ability. Logical thinking is a conditional, step-by-step, well-founded and gradual way of thinking, which can keep people thinking clearly, clearly and orderly, and handle all work in an orderly way.
2. Cultivate imagination. Imagination is the result of the combination of rich images obtained through observation, old knowledge and old experience that people have mastered, and it is also a psychological process in which the human brain recreates existing images (images) to form and create new images. It is an important form of thinking in images. Exercise through the imagination of quantity, quantity relationship, space, geometry intuition and mathematical symbols in mathematics.
3. Cultivate and explore. The study and thinking of mathematics will open a vast world of free creation for students, stimulate their exploration spirit, innovative consciousness and innovative ability, make them more flexible and proactive, and give full play to their intelligence.
The cultivation of mathematics ability is very important, so many parents want to give their children mathematics enlightenment at home before they go to kindergarten or rest, so what should they do at home? In fact, there are eight types of math exercises, and we can practice around them at home with existing teaching AIDS.
The first thing is to count and learn mathematics, and the number must be in the forefront. Counting is also a process. Only by mastering the four basic principles of counting on the basis of children's understanding: fixed order principle, one-to-one correspondence principle, order independence principle and cardinal number principle can we really understand counting.
The principle of fixed order: it means that the number order spoken by the baby is the same every time. The order of numbers-1, 2, 3, 4 ... This is fixed, that is, 3 is always after 2 and before 4.
You can play children's songs with your baby at home and write 1- 10 to let your baby count.
One-to-one correspondence principle: When children count, one number can only correspond to one object. When counting, combine your hands, eyes and mouth. Many babies are pointing to 5, but they have already said 789 in their mouths, and their eyes are not focused and confused. So at home, parents can play some small games with their babies, such as flying chess, which is the kind of game where you can take a few steps forward by rolling the dice. If you don't have props at home, you can draw one yourself, which can exercise the principle of one-to-one correspondence between babies.
Principle of order independence: that is, the total number of sets has nothing to do with the order of objects in the set. This means that the order of objects doesn't matter. No matter where you start counting objects, the result is the same. Numbers are ordered, but the counted objects are not. You can use ordinary peanuts and soybeans at home to catch 10, and you can increase it later. Scatter them irregularly on the ground and let the children count them.
Cardinality principle: when adding or subtracting some elements from a set, you can count them sequentially or reversely without counting again. At home, you can jump rope with your baby. When you jump after five tired breaks, you don't count from the beginning. Starting from 6, you can connect seamlessly even if you are interrupted. You can also practice with snowflakes or building blocks at home.
Comparing the size of solid objects, we can distinguish the concepts of maximum, minimum, larger and smaller. Compared with the size, you can use ball games at first. Babies are generally sensitive and like balls. You can find a big ball and a small ball to let the baby distinguish. Or big dolls, small dolls, big chairs, small chairs and other things used at home at ordinary times.
By comparing the weight of objects, we can distinguish the concepts of lightest, heaviest, lighter and heavier. When massaging the baby's back and knuckles, let the baby feel the pressure, first light and then heavy, first fast and then slow, and say "light, heavy, fast and slow" while pressing, so that the baby can associate the sound with the skin feeling. This is a road. When you usually buy food, you can also ask your baby to help you with your things. For example, let the baby carry a Chinese cabbage first, it will be very heavy and tired to take two steps, and then change a radish for the baby, which will make the baby feel lighter. After a long walk, a tomato will be lighter at this time. This process needs to communicate with the baby and ask him how he feels. From the beginning, it is a heavy-light-light process.
By comparing the lengths of objects, we can distinguish the concepts of longest, shortest, longer and shorter. It is very common to compare the length. Let the baby and mother compare the length of arms, legs and other bodies, and also compare the baby's tableware: chopsticks, spoons and so on.
Cultivate children's sense of number and judge how much from quantity. The concept of combined quantity can be understood as that the number 9 is greater than the number 3. How much to compare is to use the soybeans at home, grab a handful and divide them into two parts, one for more and one for less, so that the baby can visually check, count and compare first.
Can tell the shape and characteristics of plane geometric figures: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, pentagram. Among many shapes, circle is often the first shape that babies recognize. At first, if you give your baby a round object and ask him to pick out similar objects from many objects, the baby can pick out the right one, which shows that he has mastered the characteristics of the circle. Then, I will know more complex figures such as squares and triangles.
At home, you can know the shape with food, such as eating biscuits, and let it find round biscuits or triangular ones. The purpose of this is to let the baby learn the shape and eat happily. Or use the toys at home to know the shape, and let it give round building blocks to dad, square building blocks to mom and triangular building blocks to grandma, so that the baby not only learns the shape, but also challenges high difficulty.
Up and down, left and right, before and after. And may correspond to these positions. You can start with something small, you can take a water cup and a small ball, and put the small ball in different directions such as inside, outside, left, right, front and back of the water cup for your baby to identify. Then you can play hide-and-seek with your baby and let him know different directions in a big space.
Classification is common at home, such as vegetables, fruits, kitchen utensils, plants and animals. As long as you have brains, any place is a small classroom.
In daily life, you can take your children to do math enlightenment, not just arithmetic enlightenment.
In 20 17, my little Meng went to a private kindergarten in America. They really began to learn "counting from 1 20" from small classes, and they also carried out various mathematical enlightenments in shape cognition, spatial development and problem solving.
Recently, some people like to "extract" a part from the American concept of mathematical enlightenment to refresh their parents' cognition. Then "pattern and relationship" and "estimation and measurement" are completely a cover-up at first!
At first, I was scared when I heard these terms. I almost doubt that the children at that time and the mathematics we studied were not the same at all!
So, the subjects asked:
I actually understand!
This parent probably listened to a lot of remarks such as "Mathematics enlightenment is not just counting and addition and subtraction within 20" and began to become a little anxious.
Therefore, in today's answer, I want to focus on how the United States enlightens children in mathematics.
It's not that math is good for children taught in America, but that it helps parents who have been as anxious as me to understand the terms including "mode", "estimation", "measurement", "sense of space", "sense of number" and "mathematical suggestion" and know how to do it!
Ok, stop talking nonsense and start ~
Basic math ability: Through parent-child interaction, children can learn and use some basic math skills in daily activities and games, which is helpful for their future study in school. Early mathematics learning did not take out a calculator to calculate during the game, but learned addition and subtraction through daily interaction. For example:
The learning of early mathematics skills is often carried out in the process of children getting along with others.
As parents, we can count the steps up and down the stairs, the number of apples at home, the number of cherries and so on. These informal teaching activities, together with our children, can help children gradually establish a mathematical foundation.
According to the requirements of American textbooks, the early mathematical concepts and skills (G 1, generally about 5 years old) established in the first grade can be used as the benchmark for large classes in kindergartens in China, because kindergartens actually only have Pre-K small classes and k middle classes, and then enter the first grade, including the following:
Before entering school, parents can help their children master some key math skills. This is because the further improvement of mathematics skills is based on basic mathematics, just as a house needs a solid foundation.
At the toddler age, parents can help their children learn basic math skills through the following strategies (from Diezmann&Yelland, 2000; Fromboluti&Rinck， 1999):
Sense of numbers
Sense of number is the ability to count accurately. First, they should learn to count forward. After school, they will continue to learn countdown. A more complex mathematical skill related to number sense is to find the laws of numbers, such as addition and subtraction.
Mathematical suggestion
Use words, pictures, symbols and objects to make mathematical ideas "real and visible";
sense of space
After going to school for a period of time, children will learn geometry knowledge. Therefore, parents can introduce the concepts of shape, size, spatial orientation and movement to preschool children.
measure
Measurement is to look at the length, height and weight of an object in units such as size and weight; At the same time, time measurement in minutes is also a kind of measurement. For example:
Baking parent-child activities can actually be a good measurement enlightenment.
estimate
Measurement is the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the quantity or size of something. It is relatively difficult for children to understand the concept of measurement, but we can help them learn by constantly describing words such as "more, less, larger, smaller, greater than and less than", such as:
model
Patterns refer to things (numbers, shapes, images) that are repeated in a logical way. Through learning mode, children can predict what will happen next, make logical connections and use reasoning skills. For example:
solve problems
Before solving problems, children need to be taught how to think and identify problems. As parents, we can find the answer to the question with our children through the knowledge and logical thinking ability we have learned in the past. For example:
Mathematics is a part of life
Math skills are only a part of the huge skill network (including language skills, physical skills and social skills) developed by children in their early years, but more importantly, we need to make children realize that "mathematics is a part of life".
From this interactive process, we can see how mobster's various skills work together.
What can parents do voluntarily? Some parents will ask, I know these methods, but children are not interested in piling wood, doing housework or counting. What should I do?
I think the answer is to make full use of children's curiosity and help them learn basic math skills during play.
Of course, most of the following parent-child game skills are designed for children aged 2-5; For children aged 0~2, they can learn by repeated exercises, rhyming stories and digital songs.
Shape toy
Play shape classifier with children. We can discuss the characteristics of different shapes with children: how many sides there are, what color they are, and so on.
Counting and classification
We can collect a basket of small toys, shells, pebbles or buttons at home with our children. Next, we can count the number of items in the basket with our children and classify them according to size, color and function.
My family often lets children pack their own socks, because this can not only exercise their ability of sorting and matching, but also count. At the same time, the flip of socks can also exercise children's fine motor ability.
make a telephone call
Children can remember their home address and telephone number at the age of 3. At this time, we need to tell our children that every house has a fixed number plate, and which building, unit, floor and room our house is in.
My family will let children remember their parents' mobile phone numbers repeatedly, which is also one of the basic jobs to prevent them from being lost.
Suitable size
Encourage children to observe the size of objects around them:
We can let children think about the comparison of different sizes and see if this arrangement is appropriate.
Of course, if children have a set of precious toys or books, it is a good way to let children use their own logic to organize toy cabinets or bookshelves.
Help with cooking.
Even very young children can help carry things, stir and pour water. In these activities, children will naturally learn to count, measure, increase and estimate. In particular, the "baking" I mentioned above needs to be carried out in strict accordance with the amount on the menu, so it is a good mathematical enlightenment.
go for a walk
Walking provides children with more comparisons (which stone is bigger? How many stones did we find? ) Find a difference (Are ducks as hairy as rabbits? ) and sorting (let's collect red leaves).
We can also discuss the size (the pace) and the estimated distance (do you think the park is near or far from our home? Practice counting (how many steps do we take to the intersection).
computing time
Arranging a short activity time (1-3 minutes) with an hourglass, stopwatch or timer can help children improve their time awareness and understand that some things take longer than others.
Pay attention to the shape
Point out the different shapes and colors you see during the day. For example, the yellow triangle logo you see when you walk, the red rectangular logo you may see in the store, and so on.
Reading and singing
You can bring your children to sing rhythmic, repetitive and numbered songs together. These songs will help children to strengthen their thinking mode, and they are also a good way to practice their language skills and cultivate their social skills.
Discuss the weather
We let our children check today's date, day of the week and weather through calendars and other channels. By discussing the content of cold weather, help children establish logical thinking: what should they wear in cold weather? Before the age of 5, we need to try our best to make our children understand the relationship between cold weather and how many clothes they wear, otherwise not putting on clothes in time may cause a cold.
Pass on something
When eating snacks or eating, we can ask our children to help spread napkins, or we can ask them to help us distribute cookies or other things. This helps children understand the distribution relationship. When dividing projects, we can emphasize the concept of numbers:
Toys of different sizes
We can play with children with wooden blocks, plastic blocks, empty boxes and so on. By stacking and moving these toys, children can understand the shapes and the relationship between them (for example, two triangles can form a square). At the same time, the size differences of boxes, boxes and building blocks are beneficial to their size differences.
Tunnel game
Parents need to prepare large cartons with openings at both ends in advance and splice them into tunnels. The process of children trying to drill through the tunnel will help them understand their position in space and their relationship with other objects.
Comparison length
Prepare several ribbons of different lengths, wool or cardboard. And children in order from long to short.
exist
Cut out different shapes (circle, square, triangle, etc.). ) Put it on the cardboard and let the children close their eyes. Try to touch these shapes and feel their differences.
Mode game
Let the children combine different patterns such as beads, dried cereal with different colors and stickers to design a new "work". In this game, parents should take good care of their children, don't let them eat or suffocate by mistake, and pack up the materials after the game.
sort out clothes
Make housework more interesting. As a parent, when you tidy your clothes, you can invite your child to help you tidy your shirts and socks and ask him which pile of things he thinks is bigger (estimated). Then you can count how many shirts are together. Can you take out a certain number of socks from that pile? Don't worry about whether they match! This activity is more about counting than matching. )
Playground mathematics
When children are playing in the playground, parents can compare the height (height/height), position (up/down) and size of the equipment with their children.
dress collocation
Let children choose the clothes they want to wear (of course, for children who like to choose clothes very much, try to give her a simple choice). We can try to ask children:
When the child is 3 years old, we can also discuss with him the types, colors and shapes of patterns on clothes.
Do form
After the child is 3 years old, we can make a date table with him. Stick different stickers on the form according to different weather conditions. At the end of the week, you can count the number of each sticker together and record the weather of the week.
The subjects should have a good family situation. For children's mathematics enlightenment, you can spend10 ~ 200 thousand a year.
In fact, early subject enlightenment is really not that expensive, and because children are still in the early stage of operation, what they need to learn is to lay the foundation through repeated practice in daily interaction. With such a foundation, the later mathematics learning will be really fast-and don't fall into the early stage of desperately brushing questions and indulge in routines later. Finally, the advanced questions will be done (brushed), the low-level questions will be done (simple), and the intermediate questions will be wrong (not brushed), because the advanced questions in the formal exam will definitely change.
Early enlightenment, parents learn a little, not only saves money, but also has a good effect.